Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adhesion, phagocytosis, chemotactic and random migration, nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction of peritoneal exudate neutrophils and macrophages, fibrinogen level, gelation of soluble fibrin and serial dilution protamine sulfate test were investigated in 115 New Zealand white rabbits with experimentally induced Shwartzman phenomenon in the colon, and in control animals. The results presented in this report demonstrated impairment of chemotactic migration of phagocytes in the presence of endotoxin. The depression was dose-dependent and less marked when neutrophils were stimulated with monocyte-derived chemotactic factor or with casein, than with complement-derived chemotactic factor. The prolonged depression of chemotactic migration of neutrophils and macrophages in rabbits with colitis, however, did not affect the healing time of the ulcers in the colon.
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PMID:Function of phagocytes in experimentally induced colitis in rabbits. II. The Shwartzman phenomenon in the colon. 372 94

The host response to Plasmodia includes the production of enlarged populations of peripheral blood monocytes and tissue macrophages in the spleen and the liver. Since the hyperplasia of the mononuclear phagocyte system is believed to arise as a consequence of an enhanced blood monocyte influx, we tested monocyte chemotactic responsiveness in 19 patients with acute primary attack malaria. In addition, the neutrophil chemotaxis was measured in 12 patients. Before the initiation of antimalarial treatment a significant depression of monocyte chemotaxis was observed in approximately half of the patients when compared with healthy control subjects. The depression was found in Plasmodium falciparum malaria as well as in P. vivax or P. ovale malaria patients. The defective responsiveness was not receptor specific, since the responses towards casein and zymosan activated serum proved to be equally suppressed. The monocyte chemotaxis was followed in 14 of the patients, during treatment and after complete recovery. After 3 days of treatment the response had improved in most of the patients, and after 7 days all patients had a normal monocyte chemotaxis, which remained normal after one month. No significant differences between P. falciparum and P. vivax/ovale malaria was observed with respect to blood monocyte chemotactic responsiveness. Neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with P. falciparum infections was similarly suppressed before treatment (54% of controls), was still defective after 3 days of treatment, and nearly normalized after 7 days (87% of controls). Furthermore, monocyte phagocytic and candidacidal activities were assessed in the same patients on admission and during the follow-up. In contrast to chemotaxis, these functions were normal in all of the patients whenever measured. In conclusion, not all cell functions were altered in concert, and the previously unreported suppression of chemotactic migration might reflect a change in blood leucocyte subpopulations, deactivation in vivo or a direct suppressive effect of plasmodia induced products.
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PMID:Suppression of blood monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis in acute human malaria. 380 53

The taste behavior of rats subjected to dietary depletions of copper and/or vitamin B-6 was tested. Weanling rats were fed casein-based methionine supplemented diets according to a 2 X 2 factorial design: -Cu/-vitamin B-6; -Cu/+vitamin B-6; +Cu/-vitamin B-6; +Cu/+vitamin B-6. Short-term (18 min) taste tests were conducted daily to assess the effects of the dietary treatment on taste stimuli intake behavior; body weight and ad lib food and water consumption were monitored during the study. These measures showed that dietary copper deficits had no apparent effect on growth, ingestive behavior or short-term intake of preferred taste stimuli but did cause a marginal depression in the short-term intake of quinine solution. In contrast, vitamin B-6 depleted rats reduced their ad lib consumption of food and water, failed to grow and exhibited elevated taste stimuli intake during short-term tests.
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PMID:Short-term taste behavior and copper/vitamin B-6 nutriture in Long-Evans rats. 382 94

The effect of 20 g/100 g dietary lactalbumin (L) or casein (C) diets or a nonpurified (NP) diet on the immune responsiveness of C57Bl/6J, C3H/HeJ and BALB/cJ mice has been investigated by measuring the response to the T cell-independent antigen, TNP-Ficoll. To investigate the possible influence of dietary protein type on the supply of B lymphocytes, bone marrow lymphocyte production has been examined by a radioautographic assay of small lymphocyte renewal and an immunofluorescent stathmokinetic assay of pre-B cells and their proliferation. The humoral response of all mice fed the L diet was found to be higher than that of mice fed the C diet or nonpurified diet. A similar pattern of dietary protein effect in (CBA/N X DBA/2J) F1 mice carrying the xid defect was observed following challenge with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). An even greater enhancing effect of dietary L was noted in normal (DBA/2J X CBA/N) F1 mice after immunization with SRBC, but in contrast, the normal large-scale production of B lymphocytes in mouse bone marrow was independent of the type of dietary protein. Dietary protein type did not affect blood level of minerals and trace metals. The free plasma amino acid profile essentially conformed to the amino acid composition of the ingested protein, suggesting that the changes in plasma amino acid profile might be a crucial factor in diet-dependent enhancement or depression of the B-cell response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Mechanism of altered B-cell response induced by changes in dietary protein type in mice. 390 76

Electron microscopy was employed to study the size distribution and the surface to volume ratios of casein micelles in coagulum from raw milk, heated milk and milk enriched with calcium chloride before the heating process. The particles size distribution of milk protein was changed by heating resulting in an increase in the free subunits of smaller size and the surface to volume ratios. On the other hand the clotting time was prolonged. Depression in the clotting time and surface to volume ratios was occurred by adding calcium chloride to the milk before the heating process to retard the formation of complex between the whey protein and milk casein.
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PMID:Size distribution of casein micelles during milk coagulation. 399 Jul 81

Histidine metabolism was studied in rats fed 10% casein diets supplemented with 1000 IU of retinol/g concurrent with or previous to exposure to high levels of dietary histidine (1% or 2%). When a retinol-supplemented 10% casein + 1% histidine diet was fed ad libitum for 21 days, urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) was decreased by 50-70% over the entire period and plasma histidine was reduced by 30-70% for 16 days compared to rats receiving 10% casein + 1% histidine with normal levels of retinol. Rats pretreated for 10 days with a 10% casein diet supplemented with high levels of retinol oxidized 30% more L-[ring-2-14C]histidine to 14CO2 and excreted 76% less of the administered dose as urinary FIGLU compared to control rats not pretreated with high levels of retinol. Depression in growth due to supplementation of a 10% casein diet with 1% histidine were also partially alleviated in rats that were first pretreated with retinol. Activities of histidase, urocanase, and formiminoglutamic acid formiminotransferase (FIGLU transferase) were unaffected by retinol supplementation. The results suggest that retinol supplementation enhances histidine catabolism by exerting a change on one-carbon metabolism.
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PMID:Enhancement of histidine and one-carbon metabolism in rats fed high levels of retinol. 612 Oct 19

The effect of protein-energy malnutrition on biliary immunoglobulins was investigated in rats fed isocaloric diets containing 0.5%, 5%, and 18% casein, respectively. Growth was severely retarded in rats fed 0.5% casein diet and moderately in rats fed 5% casein diet, and these groups had decreases in serum albumin and total protein levels. Since the energy intake was low in rats fed protein-insufficient diets, the nutritional status was defined not as protein malnutrition but protein-energy malnutrition. Depression of systemic immune functions in protein-energy malnourished rats were demonstrated by serum IgG and IgA levels, and antibody responses to dinitrophenylated bovine gamma globulin, a T-cell dependent antigen. The depressed systemic immune functions observed in those rats were suggested to be caused by thymic atrophy. IgA levels in bile were much higher in all groups than IgG levels. IgG levels decreased in rats fed 0.5% casein diet but not in rats fed 5% casein diet, while IgA levels decreased in rats fed 5% and 0.5% casein diet relating to casein levels. The ratios of IgA to IgG in bile also decreased in rats fed protein-insufficient diets. By sucrose density gradient centrifugation secretory IgA levels in bile were shown to decrease in rats fed 0.5% casein diet, suggesting that the secretion of IgA by hepatic parenchymal cells is depressed in the protein-energy malnourished rats.
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PMID:Biliary immunoglobulins in protein-energy malnourished rats. 619 68

Experiments were conducted with rats and swine to determine the potential of dietary alfalfa as a treatment for zearalenone (Z) toxicosis. Ninety-six female weanling Wistar rats were fed a casein-based semipurified diet containing 0, 15 or 25% alfalfa and 0 or 250 micrograms Z/g feed. Exposure to Z for 14 d resulted in reduced growth, feed consumption and feed efficiency as well as kidney and liver enlargement and reduced activity of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD). Z had no effect on uterine weight. Including alfalfa in these diets reduced the inhibitory effects of Z on growth and feed consumption, minimized Z-induced liver enlargement and increased hepatic 3 alpha-HSD activity. Dietary alfalfa also reduced concentrations of residual Z and zearalenols (Zl) in liver. In a second experiment, 108 Yorkshire gilts weighing 8 to 11 kg were fed diets containing 0, 15 or 25% alfalfa and 0, 10, 20 or 40 micrograms Z/g feed for 4 wk. Z caused uterine enlargement when fed as low as 10 micrograms/g feed, although no effects were seen in growth rate, feed consumption or feed efficiency. Alfalfa decreased uterine enlargement (P less than .05), but caused a depression in feed efficiency (P less than .05). Hepatic 3 alpha-HSD activity was five times lower in swine than in rats, although activity still tended to decrease with Z and increase with alfalfa feeding. Residues of Z and Zl in pig liver indicated species differences in the metabolism of Z. These studies show that dietary alfalfa promotes Z metabolism in rats and that this feedstuff may also be useful for treating Z toxicosis in livestock.
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PMID:Effect of dietary alfalfa on zearalenone toxicity and metabolism in rats and swine. 621 39

The migration and concentration of lymphocytes at sites of antigenic challenge are an integral part of the expression of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, as well as of tumor and graft rejection. In this study, we have analyzed the migration of T lymphocytes from patients with malignancy. We used casein and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated mononuclear cell supernatants to stimulate T cell locomotion. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 30 patients with established malignancy, 10 patients with indolent malignancy or benign tumor, and 42 normal adult controls were tested. Data are expressed as a migration index (MI), which represents the difference in micrometers between the distance migrated in response to a stimulus and the distance migrated in response to media alone. We observed a marked depression in casein-stimulated T lymphocyte migration in patients with established malignancy (mean MI +/- 1 SD = 17.0 +/- 9 microns) as compared with normal adult controls (mean MI +/- 1 SD = 35.3 +/- 10 microns). Similar results were observed with migration in response to Con A supernatants. T cells from patients with established malignancy had a mean MI of 5.8 +/- 4 microns to Con A supernatants as compared with 24.5 +/- 5 for controls. This depressed migration was apparent both in the distance that cells migrated and in the number of cells that migrated into the membrane. Of 10 patients with indolent malignancy or benign tumor, T cell migration in 8 was not significantly decreased as compared with controls. When we mixed equal concentrations of normal control T lymphocytes with T lymphocytes from patients with cancer and added the mixture directly to the upper compartment of the chemotaxis chamber, the response of the normal T cells to casein was inhibited by an average of 48%. We observed inhibition of this migration of normal cells when we added as little as 10% of patient cells to normal cells. When we mixed normal control T lymphocytes from different donors and added them directly to the upper compartment of the chemotaxis chamber, T lymphocyte migration in response to casein was not significantly altered. If T cells from patients with cancer were cultured overnight, the suppressive effect on lymphocyte locomotion was lost. Our results indicate that there is a population of T lymphocytes in patients with cancer that suppress normal T lymphocyte migration. This suppressor activity may partially explain the subversion of immunosurveillance in established neoplastic states, as well as the defective inflammatory reaction to intradermal injection of antigen observed in many patients with malignancy.
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PMID:Decreased T lymphocyte migration in patients with malignancy mediated by a suppressor cell population. 623 10

The effects of purified fiber components and wheat bran on several indices of protein utilization were determined in growing rats. A control diet containing 10% casein was diluted with either cellulose (C), pectin (P), lignin (L), guar gum (G), or wheat bran (W) at fiber levels ranging from 3% to 20%. All fibers except C caused a decrease in net protein ratio (NPR) as compared to the control casein diet. This depression in NPR increased as the dietary fiber level increased. Apparent and true nitrogen digestibilities also decreased with all fibers at all levels. At the highest level of fiber (20%) the depression was greater for G and W and was least for C. NPR when divided by digestibility (analogous to biological value) decreased with P,L, W (all levels) and G (20% level) but not with C. When rats were fed fiber without protein, there was increased excretion of endogenous fecal nitrogen with all fibers at all levels. The results demonstrate that fiber(s) affected protein utilization as measured by NPR, digestibility and endogenous fecal nitrogen excretion and that the negative effect increased with the level of fiber consumed.
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PMID:Effect of dietary fiber components on fecal nitrogen excretion and protein utilization in growing rats. 627 5


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