Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Levamisole at concentrations of 10(-3) M or 10(-4) M consistently increased neutrophil random motility and chemokinesis (stimulated random migration). Similar concentrations also increased directional movement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to both endotoxin-activated serum and hydrolyzed casein. This effect on chemotaxis was due to a true stimulation and was not due solely to increased random movement. The effect of levamisole on the neutrophils could be removed by washing, but persisted if the cells were initially treated with levamisole and serum or endotoxin-activated serum. After neutrophil stimulation with chemotactic factor an initial rise in intracellular cyclic AMP levels was detected which was not influenced by prior levamisole treatment. Intracellular cyclic GMP levels after an initial slight depression, returned to resting levels and gradually diminished over a 60-minute period. Levamisole-treated cells consistently showed higher cyclic GMP levels and it is postulated that by maintaining intracellular cyclic GMP levels, microtubular assembly and cell motility might be enhanced.
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PMID:In vitro stimulation of neutrophil motility by levamisole: maintenance of cgmp levels in chemotactically stimulated levamisole-treated neutrophils. 18 91

1. Weanling rats were fed on purified-casein diets containing active and inactive (autoclaved) field bean (Vicia faba L.) proteinase inhibitors (PI) at levels of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 g/kg. Diets containing raw- and autoclaved-field-bean meal (FBM) were also given. The body-weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER); i.e. the ratio of the live weight gain in g/g of protein consumed and apparent nitrogen digestibility were determined 7, 14 and 21 d after the start of the trial. 2. Significant growth depression (P less than 0.001) was observed in rats given diets containing 2.5 g/kg PI (27--35%). In rats fed on raw FBM growth depression was severe after 7 d (57%). 3. Food intake was depressed at PI inclusion levels of 5 g/kg and higher between 14 and 21 d. 4. PER was depressed significanlty (33-44%) in rats given diets containing the active PI at all levels after 7 d. The protein utilization of all casein diets was higher than that of the FBM diets. 5. Apparent N digestibility was depressed in rats fed on diets containing 10 g/kg PI by 9 and 7% at 14 and 21 d respectively. The N digestibility of both raw and heated FBM was similar at approximately 84%. 6. It was concluded that the PI are not the main factors responsible for the growth depression observed when raw FBM is fed to rats.
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PMID:Nutritional effects of field bean (Vicia faba L.) proteinase inhibitors fed to rats. 42 Jul 57

Chick growth assays were used to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the L- and D-isomers of N-acetylmethionine when fed as a source of methionine in crystalline amino acid diets. In agreement with earlier rat studies employing intact protein diets, N-acetyl-L-methionine had a methionine-sparing value of 100% and N-acetyl-D-methionine a value of zero. The former was also observed to be fully effective as a methionine supplement when added to a methionine-deficient diet containing equal protein contributions from soybean, casein and gelatin. Isosulfurous levels of excess L-methionine or N-acetyl-L-methionine were equally growth depressing, but L-methionine elevated spleen iron deposition to a greater extent than N-acetyl-L-methionine. N-acetyl-D-methionine in excess depressed growth only slightly, due entirely to a depression in voluntary food intake, and no evidence of splenic hemosiderosis was observed from this addition.
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PMID:Efficacy of the D- and L-isomers of N-acetylmethionine for chicks fed diets containing either crystalline amino acids or intact protein. 44 54

Serum somatomedin activity (SM-act) and cartilage metabolism were compared in acutely fasted, marasmic (M), and marasmic kwashiorkor (MK) rats. SM-act was estimated in the porcine bioassay. In vitro uptake of [35S]sulfate and [3H]methylthymidine in costal cartilage of the experimental animals during an incubation in medium immediately after sacrifice, called endogenous activity, and the effect of incubation in 20% normal human plasma after a preincubation of 22 h in medium only, called plasma responsiveness", were determined. Acutely fasted rats had lowered SM-act and a circulating heat-labile inhibitor. Endogenous activity and responsiveness of cartilage were depressed. MK rats (fed ad libitum a 0.5% casein, isocaloric food) showed a profound depression of growth and cartilage endogenous activity despite only partially reduced SM-act and increased responsiveness. M rats received normal food and were pair-fed with MK rats, consuming approximately 0.08 g/g BW . day. They showed very depressed SM-act and low endogenous activity, and responsiveness was increased, though less than in the MK rats. On refeeding M rats, SM-act and cartilage responsiveness increased, followed by an increase of endogenous activity. Catch-up growth was best related to [3H]methylthymidine incorporation by cartilage (endogenous activity). In conclusion, these two types of experimental chronic malnutrition induce a more diversified pattern than does acute fasting. During malnutrition, cartilage metabolism does not reflect bioassayable SM-act of serum but rather the other effects of the nutritional insult. On refeeding, the expected relationship of SM-act and cartilage metabolism is rapidly restored.
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PMID:Serum somatomedin activity and cartilage metabolism in acutely fasted, chronically malnourished, and refed rats. 46 43

Bilateral double electrolytic overlapping lesions were placed in dorsal-lateral hippocampus of male 230 g rats, and their food intake responses to the ingestion of diets containing disproportionate amounts of amino acids were examined. Rats with such lesions and intact control rats maintained their normal intakes of the 6% casein basal diet or a threonine basal amino acid diet postoperatively. However, they exhibited marked initial food intake depression, similar to that of intact rats, when fed the threonine imbalanced amino acid diet. Also, animals with lesions in certain areas of the dorsal-lateral hippocampus showed facilitated adaptation to the amino acid imbalanced diet. Similar severe reduction in food intake with relative lack of adaptation were observed in both the intact controls and rats with hippocampal lesions when fed amino acid diets completely devoid of threonine. Initial food intake of rats with hippocampal lesions was inhibited drastically as was the case with the intact controls when fed a 75% casein high protein diet. All rats, either intact or lesioned, showed similar slow adaptation patterns with the prolonged ingestion of the high protein diet. The initial food intake responses and facilitated adaptation of the animals bearing lesions in certain areas of the hippocampus suggest that such areas are not crucially involved in the inhibition of food intake of rats fed disproportionate amounts of dietary amino acids. Rather, such areas of lesions in the hippocampus may play a role in a system governing the behavioral adaptation of the intake of amino acid imbalanced diets but not of diets containing amino acids in general excess. This would also indicate that different mechanisms control the intake of amino acid imbalanced diets and diets containing amino acids in excess.
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PMID:Effects of hippocampal lesions on adaptive intake of diets with disproportionate amounts of amino acids. 51 2

Investigations were carried out on male CBA mice with casein-induced amyloidosis. Fragments of spleens from the amyloid and intact donors were transplanted simultaneously to the opposite kidney poles, subcapsularly, to the intact and amyloid recipients. Amyloid deposits were found in 40 per cent of intact recipients both in their own spleens and in the grafts from intact donors. In amyloid recipients amyloid deposits developed in the grafts from intact donors only in 5 per cent of the animals (observation periods from 5 days to 6 months after the transplantation). It is amyloidogenic cells migration and the depression of this mechanism in amyloid mice.
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PMID:[Amyloid transfer from a syngenous transplant of amyloid spleen in intact and amyloid mice]. 66 51

The effects of two chemotactic factors, endotoxin activated serm (EAS) and casein and a number of drugs known to affect intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels and various froms of neutrophil movement, on neutrophil anaerobic glycolysis and hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity were assessed. EAS caused stimulation of glycolysis. HMPS activity and NBT reduction, but casein was without effect on glycolysis and NBT reduction and inhibited HMPS activity. Drug known to increase intracellular cAMP levels caused a depression of HMPS activity whereas those reported to elevate cGMP had a variety of effects. Glycolysis was not affected by any of these agents. These results indicate a lack of relationship between cyclic nucleotide effect on cell motility and neutrophil glycolysis and HMPS activity.
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PMID:The effect of chemotactic factors and agents which influence neutrophil movement on anaerobic glycolysis and hexose monophosphate shunt activity. 68 Jul 98

Rats fed an 18% casein (Cs) or a protein deprived diet (PD) for 8 weeks received injections of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in both hind foot pads. While these injections were tolerated in Cs rats, about 50% of PD rats died after 1 or 2 days as a result of a massive necrosis of the liver. To a large extent these lesions were prevented by cortisone. Three days after injection of LPS, Cs rats exhibited a hypertrophy of the popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) and spleen, as well as a drastic increase in DNA synthesis in DNA synthesis in the PLN. Mitotic indices did not increase. The DNA synthetic responses to PLN in the surviving PD rats were much lower than in Cs animals, but a sharp rise in DNA synthesis and mitotic activity occurred in the spleen. The comparison with the effects of LPS in cortisone-treated rats showed that both cortisone-sensitive and -resistant cells participated in PLN activation in rats fed both diets, but that only cortisone-resistant lymphocytes entered mitosis in the spleens of PD rats. LPS also provoked a sharp drop in both DNA synthesis and mitosis in the thymus, probably due to a stress effect, since only cortisone-sensitive thymocytes were involved. In a second experimental series, immunological tests (Rosette-forming cells, Plaque-forming cells, serum hemagglutinin titers) were performed 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The responses were not significantly different in Cs and PD rats. This is in contrast with the protein deficiency-induced depression of thymus-dependent humoral immunity.
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PMID:Effects of a protein deprived diet on the hepatotoxicity, and the DNA synthetic, mitogenic, and immunological actions of microbial lipopolysaccharides in the rat. 68 57

Studies were conducted in young guinea pigs to determine the effects of malnutrition on selected variables of host resistance. Malnutrition was produced differently in two experiments. In the first the quantity of a standard, normal diet was reduced progressively so that test groups were fed 25% less each week over a 4 week period. Control groups were fed ad libitum. In the subsequent experiment, animals were fed defined guinea pig diets containing 5%, 30%, and 60% casein, respectively, which were similar in caloric content, vitamins, and minerals. Measurements of phagocytic bactericidal activity, serum opsonization, serum IgG and C3 levels, and mitogenic response of lymphocytes were made at weekly intervals. Results obtained from both experiments were comparable. There was a significant decline in phagocyte function by the third week in malnourished animals while the numbers of phagocytes per milliliter of peritoneal washings were similar to controls at all time periods. A depression of serum opsonization was observed when animals became moribund even though serum IgG levels remained unchanged. Serum C3 levels in malnourished animals were significantly lower than controls. Mitogenic response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin was 85% lower in the 5% casein group after the third week. These results indicated that a marasmus-like condition and protein malnutrition depress critical functions of resistance.
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PMID:The effects of malnutrition on variables of host defense in the guinea pig. 69 39

With the object of studying a possible toxical potentialization between a food pollutent and the diet compoundings, rats fed on a diet with variable protein amounts, were administered a pesticide belonging to the Dithiocarbamate family : Nabam. Animals have been fed for 28 days after they have been weaned with diets containing 0-3.5 - 9 - 26 and 81% proteins in casein form. DL50 is significantly lowered in rats fed 0 - 3,5 and 81% protein diets compared with DL50 estimations in rats normally fed. Toxical clinical signs are fundamentally the same ones in all rats of the six groups : stimulation followed by a depression of the central nervous system, severe inflammation of the gastro-intestinal tractus, significant renal necroses. The intertime between poisoning and death seems not to be influenced by the diet protein amounts and is only due to the Nabam dose.
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PMID:[Toxicity of the pesticide nabam as a function of dietary protein content in the rat]. 74 67


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