Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prophylactic efficacy of lithium carbonate vs placebo was examined in a double-blind study in a carefully delineated group of 28 unipolar recurrent depressed patients followed up from three months to four years. Indexes of prophylactic efficacy revealed a statistically significant decrease in episode frequency, depth of global depression scores, and increased clinic attendance rate in the lithium carbonate group compared with the placebo group. Planned studies are now needed to determine which unipolar patients do best on a maintenance regimen of lithium carbonate alone, lithium carbonate plus tricyclic drugs, or tricyclic drugs alone.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Dec
PMID:Lithium carbonate in affective disorders. IV. A double-blind study of prophylaxis in unipolar recurrent depression. 110 50

The efficacy of lithium carbonate as a prophylactic drug against depression in bipolar manic depressive patients was assessed through a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of patients who had histories of recurrent depressions and hypomanias ("bipolar II"). The results revealed that treatment with lithium carbonate resulted in a reduction in the frequency of depressive attacks was observed with lithium carbonate treatment during the study (mean length of study, approximately 16 months), although there was a suggestion that the depressive attacks that occurred during treatment with lithium carbonate might be less severe than with placebo treatment.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Jan
PMID:Lithium carbonate and affective disorders. V: A double-blind study of prophylaxis of depression in bipolar illness. 110 32

Case histories of narcotic addicts who also were imprisoned for felony were selected to illustrate some underlying dynamics of Cleckley's so-called psychopath and some principles useful in their management. Often in outpatient settings, such individuals seem to be without anxiety, unable to experience depression, and without motivation for recovery; but in inpatient settings, such deficits appear illusory. Once such chronically sociopathic individuals are prevented from 'running' their resemblance to individuals with severe but thoroughly 'human' and comprehensible personality disorders becomes evident. In treatment, external controls are important. It is vital both to appreciate the contagion of the psychopath's invisible anxiety and to provide such individuals with alternative defenses with which to mitagate their depression. Finally sociopaths must be realistically, but not puntively, confronted with consequences of their behavior.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Feb
PMID:Sociopathy as a human process. A viewpoint. 111 66

Life events experienced in the six months before a suicide attempt were compared with events for two matched control groups. Suicide attempters reported four times as many events as were reported by subjects from the general population and 11/2 times as many as were reported by depressed patients prior to depressive onset. A substantial peaking of events occurred in the month before the attempt. The excess over general population controls spanned most types of event. That over depressive onset was more selective, and it involved events with threatening implications, including undesirable events, those rated as stressful, and those outside the respondent's control. Unlike depression, suicide attempts were preceded equally by entrances and exits in the social field. Overall, the findings indicate a strong and immediate relationship between suicide attempts and life events.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Mar
PMID:Suicide attempts and recent life events. A controlled comparison. 111 73

Three hundred twenty respondents in selected geographic areas were interviewed with a structured questionnaire that included the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Dimensional analysis indicates that some items are not pure measures of the constructs they were originally intended to assess. Moreover, some of the dimensions within the scale apparently convey different meanings to different segments in the population. In addition, different dimensions within the scale have varying demographic correlates. The analysis suggests that in order for the scale to be a truly useful device for assessing depressive symptomatology in a general population, additional items need to be added and some questions need to be followed by probes to clarify the exact frame of reference of the respondents.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Aug
PMID:Measuring depressive symptomatology in a general population. 115 15

Depressive symptomatology, marital satisfaction and functioning, job satisfaction, and social relationships were investigated in 320 respondents comprising 160 married couples. Responses to the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale indicated that 13% of the respondents had scores similar to those obtained by patients with diagnosed depressions and an additional 27% had scores comparable to those of persons with other psychiatric problems. Responses to a variety of questions about the respondents' social life, job satisfaction, and marital function indicate that increased depressive symptomatology in this general population is associated with a decline in satisfaction and functioning in these areas. The data suggest that this association is not solely due to response bias but is associated with a real decline in function, particularly in the area of child rearing.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Aug
PMID:Depressive symptomatology and role function in a general population. 115 16

A systematic interview regarding family history was administered to 48 men with bipolar affective illness who were attending a lithium clinic. Several families were found in which both the patient and father had affective disorders, but the mother and maternal second-degree relatives were well. Of 30 men who had histories of hospitalization for mania, three had fathers with affective disorder (all bipolar). Of 18 men who had depression and hypomania, one father had unipolar depressive disorder. The hypothesis that bipolar manic-depressive illness may be transmitted by a single dominant genetic factor on the X chromosome is discussed in relation to these ill father-ill son pairs.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Sep
PMID:Psychiatric illness in fathers of men with bipolar primary affective disorder. 118 Jun 63

This study employs a method of classification based on "information measure" taxonomy to investigate an aspect of hostility in nonendogenously depressed, endogenously depressed and nondepressed patients. Results show that there are no statistically significant differences between the three groups as such, but that a patient's self-rating of anger is substantially related to his position on the endogenous-nonendogenous depression dimension. The greater the anger score, the more likely the patient is to present a depressive syndrome of a nonendogenous type. These observations provide support for previous findings in this area and prompt certain tentative theoretical speculations.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Sep
PMID:Hostility and depressive illness. 118 Jun 66

Recent research findings indicate that depressive disorders may be divided into two groups, A and B, using specific biochemical and pharmacological criteria. It is suggested that in the A group there is a disorder of norepinephrine systems are not altered. Further, there is the possibility that B types patients have disorder of serotonin, but not norepinephrine or dopamine systems. This biochemical heterogeneity of human depression has implications for both investigators and clinicians, and may account for disparate findings in biological studies of patients with affective disorders.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Nov
PMID:Biogenic amines and depression. Biochemical and pharmacological separation of two types of depression. 120 Jul 59

To clarify the role of memory impairment in the aged as a normal or psychopathological phenomenon, 153 persons 50-years-old and over with varying degrees of depression and altered brain function were compared for their complaints about memory and actual performance on a series of memory tests. It was found that while performance varied with altered brain function, complaint was related to level of depression, regardless of performance. Exaggerated memory complaint was considered one manifestation of a general pattern of discrpant reporting of symptoms by depressed persons, and apparently related to an underlying personality factor. The complaint of superiority of remote over recent memory was not substantiated empirically, but was considered part of the pattern of stereotyped language and attitudes characteristic of depressed persons.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Dec
PMID:Memory complaint and impairment in the aged. The effect of depression and altered brain function. 120 Jul 75


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