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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred fifty-four suicide attempters, threateners, and psychiatric controls were rated on suicide intent scales and given tests to assess hopelessness, depression and self-rated suicide risk. Ninety-four subjects were retested one month later. Both hopelessness and depression were significantly greater in suicidal subjects. In threatenets, hopelessness and depression scores differed significantly between high and low suicide intent subjects. In attempters ranked by suicide intent at time of testing, more and less suicidal subjects differed significantly in hopelessness and depression scores. Both depression and hopelessness were sensitive to changes in suicide risk during the one-month follow-up. In all analyses, hopelessness correlated more highly with suicide intent than did depression. The data were regarded as supporting the hypothesis that hopelessness is more closely related to suicide intent than is depression.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Sep
PMID:Hopelessness, depression, and suicide intent. 96 91

Subjects with a primary complaint of insomnia (N = 124) were evaluated with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories (MMPIs). A high percentage of subjects (85%) had one or more MMPI scales elevated to a pathological degree. The scales most elevated were, in order. 2 (depression), 7 (psychasthenia), and 3 (conversion hysteria). A striking finding was the preponderance of depression. This was indicated by the frequency in which scale 2 was elevated above 70, the frequency in which this this scale had the highest elevation, and the frequency of MMPI code types that included scale 2. Four common MMPI code types representing various types of depression were noted, indicating considerable homogeneity for code types in this sample. The predominant personality styles in this sample were characterized by the internalization of psychological distrubances rather than by acting out or aggression. We propose that this internalization produces a state of constant emotional arousal and resultant physiological activation and that this process is a psychophysiological mechansim underlyling insomnia.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Sep
PMID:Personality patterns in insomnia. Theoretical implications. 96 95

Eighty-five cases of atypical schizophrenia were compared with 200 of schizophrenia, 100 of bipolar (mania), and 225 of unipolar (depression) affective disorder. Comparisons were made on the basis of sex, age at admission, precipitating factors, outcome, and a family history of schizophrenia or of affective disorder. The atypical schizophrenia differed remarkably from the schizophrenia and most closely resembled the bipolar affective disorder when allowance was made for a younger age at onset and a higher frequency of precipitants. An analysis of symptoms verified the predominance of schizophrenic features in the atypical schizophrenia, but also showed a high percentage (80%) of patients who had one or more manic symptoms at index admission. It is concluded that great care should be taken in diagnosing schizophrenia in a patient who also has manic symptoms.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Oct
PMID:A study of "atypical schizophrenia". Comparison with schizophrenia and affective disorder by sex, age of admission, precipitant, outcome, and family history. 97 Oct 26

Regression as a potentially adaptive psychological response is used as a conceptual model to understand a variety of behaviors seen in beginning psychiatric residents on an inpatient service. The behaviors, discussed and illustrated with brief examples, are (1) competition and identification, (2) sexuality, (3) aggression, (4) depression and despair, (5) dependency, and (6) fusion with patients. Factors on an inpatient service that foster regressive behavior in new residents are discussed, and some of the potential resolutions of the behavoirs are proposed. Regression is seen as an adaptive experience for most residents; with appropriate supervisory intervention, it can foster cognitive development.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Oct
PMID:Regression in the service of residency education. 97 Oct 37

The extremes of drug compliance were studied in two groups of schizophrenics: 29 habitual drug-refusers who invariably discontinued medication only to be readmitted several months later, and 30 drug-complier patients who habitually came in for their refills or injections of antipsychotic medication. The drug-refusers experienced the resurgence of an ego-syntonic grandiose psychosis after they discontinued medication. The habitual compliers, in contrast, developed decompensations characterized by such dysphoric affects as depression, anxiety, virtual absence of grandiosity, and some awareness of illness. The refusal of these chronic schizophrenics to take their medication could not be attributed to social isolation, paranoid diagnosis, or secondary gain. A discriminant function analysis showed grandiosity to be the most powerful discriminating variable between the two groups. We interpret these findings to mean that some schizophrenics may prefer an ego-syntonic grandiose psychosis to a relative drug-induced normality.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Dec
PMID:Drug refusal in schizophrenia and the wish to be crazy. 99 48

Disciplinary fragmentation and nosological and semantic controversies have obscured the impressive advances made in the area of depressive disorders during the past decade. This article is an attempt to translate data derived from psychodynamic, sociobehavioral, and neurobiologic research into a clinically meaningful framework. We review ten models of depression with special emphasis on newer models supported by empirical and experimental studies, and present a new model, which incorporates and synthesizes findings from different schools. Depressive illness is conceptualized as the feedback interaction of three sets of variables at chemical, experiential, and behavioral levels with the diencephalon serving as the field of action.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Mar
PMID:Overview of recent research in depression. Integration of ten conceptual models into a comprehensive clinical frame. 109 81

Differential effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine hydrochloride, and a placebo were examined in 159 black and 555 white depressed patients in a multihospital collaborative study. In making these comparisons, the effects of age and social class were controlled. The major study findings were the differential effects of the active drugs for the black men and women. Chlorpromazine was the most efficacious treatment for black women, whereas imipramine was most efficacious for black men. These differences occurred on global ratings of improvement as well as on specific symptoms such as depression, anxiety, guilt-worthlessness, sleep disturbances, and social participation. Black patients also evidenced a higher improvement rate at one week, irrespective of treatment, than did the white patients.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 May
PMID:Antidepressants in black and white inpatients. Differential response to a controlled trial of chlorpromazine and imipramine. 109 83

It has been suggested that depression is a disease of cholinergic dominance and since the beta-adrenergic blocking drug propranolol hydrochloride can cause depression, there arises the possibility that a beta-adrenergic stimulant could benefit the condition. For ethical reasons, the adrenergic drug metaproterenol sulfate was combined with chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and compared to placebo and chlordiazepoxide in a formal double-blind trial. However, the results did not show any advantage for the addition of metaproterenol either in respect of enhanced antidepressant effect or a reduced incidence, nature, or severity of side-effects.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 May
PMID:An adrenergic drug in depression. 109 84

The effect of lithium carbonate therapy on patients with depression is still unconfirmed. Our past studies have shown a favorable response to the drug in patients with depression of mild or moderate severity. Therefore, we performed a controlled double-blind study of lithium carbonate and imipramine hydrochloride in 64 patients with depression. No significant differences were noted in the overall therapeutic response, depression scale scores, or clinical effects between the two drug groups.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 May
PMID:Double-blind comparison of lithium carbonate and imipramine in treatment of depression. 109 85

Mutation of the gene m3 of phage P22 causes permanent depression of macromolecular synthesis in the infected host and thus inhibits phage development as indicated by burst size and lysozyme production. The permanent depression of macromolecular synthesis is most probably due to blockage of the transport process. The m3 allele is dominant over m+. m3 allows some transcription of phage genes (however, the difference between early and late function is not clear). The inhibitory effect of m3 on DNA synthesis may be indirect.
Mol Gen Genet 1975
PMID:Effect of m3 gene on the development of phage P22. 110 21


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