Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of NAD-linked alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD-G3PDH; EC 1.1.1.8) was depressed by 35% when the thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (20 micrograms/liter) was added to the serum-free, hormonally supplemented medium of cultured neonatal rat heart cells. The degree of depression was greater (65%) when the medium contained normal serum levels of hydrocortisone and insulin. There is a dramatic inverse dose-response relationship between triiodothyronine levels and NAD-G3PDH activity. The classic elevation by thyroid hormones of the FAD-linked alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (FAD-G3PD; EC 1.1.99.5) was observed concurrently. The medium-glucose depletion rate in triiodothyronine-free cells was depressed 32% through 11 days-in-culture, indicating reduced glycolytic activity. The activities of nine other metabolically important enzymes which were measured during this study, including hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, malate dehydrogenase, NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADH cytochrome c reductase, and succinic cytochrome c reductase, did not respond to varying triiodothyronine concentrations.
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PMID:Triiodothyronine depresses the NAD-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of cultured neonatal rat heart cells. 669 42

Nitrofen is a herbicide with potent teratogenic activity in rodent species. Previous studies have indicated that this agent has a stereochemical structure similar to thyroid hormone, and that exposure of adult mice results in depression of thryoxine (T4) levels. The present study was undertaken to determine if teratogenic exposure to nitrofen alters pituitary-thyroid function in nonpregnant, pregnant, and fetal rats, and if these potential alterations could be related to induction of birth defects. In adult thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) female rats, nitrofen exposure for 2 weeks resulted in a significant suppression of thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. When a single dose of nitrofen was administered to euthyroid female rats, a trend toward reduction (p = 0.058) in the release of TSH after a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) challenge was observed 4 and 5 hr after exposure. Pregnant euthryoid rats given a single dose of nitrofen on Day 11 of gestation had significantly depressed TSH and T4 levels, and fetal T4 levels were markedly depressed at term. Administration of T4 on Day 2 through 22 of pregnancy plus nitrofen on Day 9 through 11 to TPTX dams resulted in a 70% reduction in the frequency of malformed fetuses, especially in regard to the frequency of heart anomalies, compared to nitrofen exposure alone. Competitive displacement studies in radioimmunoassays for T4 and T3 indicated that a nitrofen metabolite (4-hydroxy-2,5-dichloro-4'-aminodiphenyl ether) competed with [125I]T3 for antibody binding, while the parent compound and six isolated metabolites failed to compete with [125I]T4 for antibody binding. These results have been interpreted to indicate that nitrofen teratogenicity is mediated at least in part by alterations in maternal and/or fetal thyroid hormone status, and may be due to a premature and pharmacologic exposure to the embryo to a nitrofen-derived, T3-active metabolite.
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PMID:Teratogenicity of nitrofen (2,4-dichloro-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether) and its effects on thyroid function in the rat. 671 May 32

Sequential measurements of systolic time intervals, left ventricular dimensions, and the derived indices of contractility were undertaken at rest and during isometric exercise in 15 hyperthyroid patients before, during, and after antithyroid treatment. At rest hyperthyroidism was characterised by a shortened pre-ejection period and increased velocity of circumferential shortening of the left ventricle. During isometric exercise, however, the pre-ejection period increased significantly beyond that predicted for normal subjects, and the velocity of circumferential fibre shortening fell by 30%. In contrast, both the pre-ejection period and the velocity of circumferential fibre shortening were unchanged during exercise after a stable euthyroid state had been achieved for at least three months. Comparison between exercise responses and thyroid status during antithyroid treatment showed that a biochemical euthyroid state may be achieved many weeks before normalisation of contractile response to exercise. These findings support the hypothesis of reversible depression of left ventricular function in hyperthyroidism. Responses at rest principally reflect the peripheral actions of thyroid hormone excess.
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PMID:Delayed recovery of left ventricular function after antithyroid treatment. Further evidence for reversible abnormalities of contractility in hyperthyroidism. 674 39

Twenty out-patients with depressive illness were studied with regard to thyroid hormone concentrations, basal and TRH-stimulated TSH, and prolactin levels before and during treatment with nortriptyline. Concentrations of plasma nortriptyline and 10-hydroxy-nortripyline were analysed while on 75 mg and 150 mg/day. No correlations between clinical outcome and side effects on the one hand and drug concentrations on the other were demonstrated. Provided the age factor was considered, basal and stimulated hormone levels did not differentiate between healthy controls and patients with "endogenous" and those with "exogenous" depression. Nortriptyline treatment did not influence serum hormone levels.
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PMID:Nortriptyline and pituitary-thyroid function in affective disorder. 678 69

The effects of diabetes mellitus on serum thyroid hormone parameters were studied in 54 patients divided into 4 groups. Treated asymptomatic patients (group I) had normal thyroid values which did not correlate with serum or urinary glucose. Untreated nonketoacidotic patients (group II) showed a mild persistent depression in T3 and an elevation in rT3. Patients with ketoacidosis with a brief history of symptoms (group III) had a moderate T3 decrease and a mild rT3 elevation which quickly resolved with treatment. Ketoacidotic patients with a long history of symptoms (group IV) had marked depression of T3 and elevation of rT3 which was only partially rectified by treatment. Serum T4 was generally normal, except for a minimal decrease on the day after admission, probably resulting from rehydration and a subsequent increase associated with an increase in TSH. We concluded that thyroid hormone parameters were not influenced by variations in serum glucose, but seemed to reflect the effects of a preexisting catabolic state, ketoacidosis, or both.
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PMID:Pattern of recovery of thyroid hormone indices associated with treatment of diabetes mellitus. 679 65

A 24-year-old woman with a unipolar depression had an augmented thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), suggesting subclinical hypothyroidism. Desipramine produced rapid cycling between depression and hypomania. After discontinuation of the desipramine she was successfully treated with lithium and thyroid hormone replacement. We discuss the possible role of hypothyroidism in the etiology of tricyclic-induced rapid mood cycling, and suggest that the TRH test may help identify depressed patients predisposed to rapid mood cycling on tricyclics. The possibility that such patients respond to lithium and/or thyroid hormone replacement needs to be further investigated.
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PMID:Does subclinical hypothyroidism predispose to tricyclic-induced rapid mood cycles? 680 54

Diabetes appears to cause a cardiomyopathy independent of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and hypertension. Left ventricular papillary muscle function studies in rats made severely diabetic with streptozotocin have shown a slowing of relaxation and a depression of shortening velocity. However, the effects of insulin therapy on the myocardial mechanics of diabetic rats have not been studied. Therefore, rats diabetic for 6-10 weeks were treated with PZI insulin for 2, 6, 10, or 28 days and the mechanical performance of their left ventricular papillary muscles was compared to that of untreated diabetics and age-matched controls; cardiac contractile protein enzymatic activity was also measured. Neither 2 nor 6 days of therapy had any effects on the depressed cardiac muscle performance of diabetic animals, although plasma glucose concentration was restored to normal. By 10 days of therapy, recovery of mechanical performance was nearly complete, and by 28 days of therapy, complete reversal of the altered myocardial mechanics was observed. Crystalline insulin added to the bath (9 mU/ml) had no effect on myocardial mechanics in either diabetics or controls. A gradual recovery of actomyosin and myosin ATPase activity in the hearts of insulin-treated diabetic animals was also found, complementing the mechanical studies. In addition to demonstrating a gradual but complete reversibility of the abnormalities in papillary muscle function in diabetic rats (although control of hyperglycemia was less than ideal), this study confirms that this model of a cardiomyopathy is not a result of streptozotocin-induced cardiac toxicity. Additional data are provided indicating that depressed thyroid hormone levels in diabetic rats are not responsible for the mechanical changes observed.
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PMID:Reversibility of diabetic cardiomyopathy with insulin in rats. 703 May 13

Two cases of congenital nephrotic syndrome (C.N.S.) with a prolonged survival are related. The AA. outline some clinical and immunological features which are already known but not currently employed to therapeutic ends. Probably due to metabolic disorders, the biological and clinical hypothyroidism is a prominent problem which worsens either poor skeleton maturation or neurological development of these patients; adequate doses of thyroid hormone produced a marked increase of the muscular tone, skeleton maturation and neuropsychological development in both patients. Periodic plasma administration (2-3 times monthly) during the first year of life, and a great care to avoid all extra-family contacts and infections in the same period, resulted to be the prevalent reason of the prolonged survival of these children (the plasma acting as a source of proteins and immunoglobulins). The immunologic assessment demonstrated in both children as marked depression of T-cells number and function, besides a hypogammaglobulinemia. This aspect of the immunocompetent system is similar in C.N.S. and nephrotic syndrome of the aged children and perhaps could approach the pathogenesis of the two diseases. The cases related demonstrate that a better assistance is possible and necessary in order to obtain the longest survival of these patients and therefore the best results in dialitic treatment and in transplantation programs.
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PMID:[Is it possible to improve the prognosis of congenital nephrosis?]. 711 Oct 36

Hypothyroidism can often be misdiagnosed as psychiatric illness. The hypothyroid patient may present with depression, an organic mental disorder, apathy and/or frank psychosis (usually with paranoid symptoms). Psychiatric manifestations of the endocrinopathy will abate with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, unless the disease state has been sufficiently prolonged to cause some irreversible brain damage. This irreversibility mandates prompt diagnosis and specific hormonal replacement therapy. Thus, thyroid function screening is recommended for patients presenting with depression, psychosis or organic mental disorder.
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PMID:Psychiatric presentations of hypothyroidism. 723 30

The correlation between protein turnover and serum thyroid hormone levels was studied in 10 children, ages 1 to 16 years subsequent to severe burn injuries. In contrast to published studies that have shown depression of triiodothyronine (T3) and elevations of reverse T3 (rT3) in stressed patients, no change was found in the mean level of T3 and a 69% decrease in rT3 compared to healthy controls of similar age. Whole body rates of protein synthesis and breakdown were determined using a [15N]glycine turnover technique. The difference between synthesis and breakdown was negatively correlated with the ratio, rT3/T3 in serum. Thus, in burned children, a decrease in N balance was associated with a rise in rT3/T3 which is qualitatively similar to that observed in fasted individuals or in stressed patients who may be semistarved.
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PMID:Low serum reverse T3 concentration in burned children: its relationship to nutritional state. 738 11


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