Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examines the effects of 12 months of endurance exercise training (cycling, walking and jogging) on lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, anemia and psychological function in 14 hemodialysis patients. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) increased 18% in the exercisers (p less than 0.01), but did not change in 11 controls. This was associated with a reduction in depression, a decrease in dosages of antihypertensive medications, a significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels (red cell mass rose, plasma volume did not change), a decrease in plasma triglyceride by 23% (p less than 0.05) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels by 21% (p less than 0.01) (both HDL-C and triglyceride levels worsened in the sedentary controls), and an 18% increase in glucose disappearance rates (p less than 0.05) in spite of a 52% decrease in fasting insulin levels (p less than 0.01), suggesting that insulin sensitivity improved. These results demonstrate that some of the complications present in hemodialysis patients may be caused by their sedentary life-style, rather than endstage renal disease itself. This suggests that rehabilitation through exercise is possible for these patients. By reducing coronary risk factors in hemodialysis patients, exercise training may also decrease their heightened morbidity and mortality from atherosclerotic complications. These possibilities need to be examined in a longitudinal study.
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PMID:Exercise training reduces coronary risk and effectively rehabilitates hemodialysis patients. 396 Feb 42

The ultrastructural changes in the left ventricles of rabbits with alloxan (100 mg/kg i.v.)-induced diabetes were examined. Injection of alloxan resulted in a diabetic state characterized by increased hemoglobin glycosylation, blood and urine glucose and a significant depression of serum insulin levels. Electron microscopic examination of 10-week diabetic hearts revealed a spectrum of abnormalities ranging from mild to severe. Cardiac muscle cells in diabetic hearts showed some myofibrillar damage and varying degrees of contraction. The most prominent findings, however, were alterations in the mitochondria. Swollen and fragmented mitochondria containing amorphous dense bodies were evident upon electron microscopic examination. The cristae in the mitochondria appeared distorted and in some cases were completely lysed. A marked increase in lipid droplets and glycogen granules was also apparent. In addition, the sarcoplasmic reticulum was dilated and contained varying degrees of electron-dense material. These ultrastructural alterations suggest that the cardiomyopathy observed in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits could be due to alterations in the vasculature or may be secondary to a number of metabolic alterations previously reported in this model.
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PMID:Myocardial ultrastructural changes in alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits. 396 81

A soy protein-based experimental diet for woodchucks (Marmota monax) is described. The diet supported growth of juvenile woodchucks for 12 wk. With this diet, the effects on both woodchucks and rats of increasing dietary corn oil from 5 to 15% and of deleting supplemental lipotropic factors (choline, methionine, folic acid and vitamin B-12) were studied in a 2 X 2 factorial experiment. Both increased lipid and lipotrope deletion resulted in decreased growth in rats, but only increased lipid caused growth depression in woodchucks. Lipotrope depletion resulted in elevated serum markers of hepatic injury and hepatic lipid accumulation in rats but not in woodchucks. Hematological changes induced by the low lipotrope diets included decreased packed cell volume, total hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in rats but increased MCV in woodchucks. The woodchuck appears to be more resistant than the rat to induction of hepatic injury by lipotrope deficiency.
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PMID:A comparison of the response of woodchucks and rats to variations in dietary lipotrope and lipid content. 403 61

Whole blood samples of patients with various forms of alpha thalassemia including hemoglobin H disease, alpha thalassemia trait, and the "silent carrier" state were incubated with leucine-(14)C for definition of relative rates of production of alpha and beta chains in these disorders. The chains were separated by carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography in the presence of 8 M urea and dithiothreitol. Their absorptions at 280 mmu were determined and their radioactivities measured in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. After correction for differences in extinction coefficients, the specific activities of the widely separated alpha and beta peaks were determined. In 11 nonthalassemic individuals, the alpha/beta specific activity ratios were found to be 1.02+/-0.07; in nine patients with alpha thalassemia trait, 0.77+/-0.05; in six patients with hemoglobin H disease, 0.41+/-0.11; and in four "silent carriers," 0.88 with a range of 0.82-0.95. The results show that in peripheral blood, alpha chain production relative to beta chain production is indeed limited in the alpha thalassemia syndromes. Hemoglobin H disease results from doubly heterozygous inheritance of a gene resulting in moderate depression of alpha chain production (alpha thalassemia trait) and a gene resulting in very mild depression of alpha chain production (the "silent carrier" syndrome."
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PMID:Globin chain synthesis in the alpha thalassemia syndromes. 577 43

A method is presented for the production of a reproducible and reversible renal lesion in the rat by the intravenous injection of a relatively small amount of homologous hemoglobin (40 mg/100 g body weight). Production of the lesion is dependent on prior water deprivation and its severity is related to the degree of dehydration. Ether anesthesia, at the time of hemoglobin injection, predisposes to a severe and reproducible functional defect in the dehydrated rat. In contrast, injection of hemoglobin during pentobarbital anesthesia results in a significant lesion only sporadically. The functional evolution of the lesion has been characterized by inulin clearance measurements. Functional impairment occurs abruptly, within 1 hr after hemoglobin injection, and persists unchanged over the ensuing several hours. Some increase in inulin clearance rate is usually observed at 24 hr after injection, but severe functional impairment persists. Between 24 and 72 hr, a considerable increase in inulin clearance rate occurs, so that only moderate restriction of excretory function is present at the latter time. A further moderate increase in inulin clearance rate is apparent at 7 days after hemoglobin injection, but some reduction in function. persisted in all rats studied at this time. Hemoglobinuria is slight or inapparent in animals manifesting the most marked depression of excretory function, indicating that a severe renal lesion may exist in the absence of visible urinary pigment. Hemoglobinemia is evanescent at the dosage used in this study. These observations suggest that clinical acute renal failure secondary to hemoglobinemia may readily go unrecognized and that this may be a more frequent association than is now appreciated.
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PMID:The renal lesion associated with hemoglobinemia. I. Its production and functional evolution in the rat. 593 60

Twenty patients about to have coronary artery bypass grafts were studied before and after 15 min of 50% nitrous oxide added to either fentanyl (75 micrograms/kg) or enflurane (0.5%) anesthesia. Arterial and central pressures and cardiac output were measured, plus coronary sinus blood flow and arterio-coronary sinus differences in oxygen, hemoglobin, and lactate contents. Fentanyl-N2O and enflurane-N2O both decreased systemic resistance, heart rate, cardiac output, and hence arterial pressure. Stroke work decreased significantly with little or no change in wedge pressure: ventricular function was impaired. Coronary flow and myocardial O2 consumption decreased with fentanyl-N2O. Oxygen extraction increased with enflurane-N2O, as did lactate contents of coronary sinus blood. Hemodynamic depression occurred from the combined effects of nitrous oxide and fentanyl or enflurane. The beta-blocked myocardia of nonstimulated coronary patients were becoming ischemic globally on 50% oxygen, after significant hypotension. From this and other evidence, we conclude that nitrous oxide may not be benign in patients with coronary arterial disease.
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PMID:The effects of nitrous oxide on myocardial metabolism and hemodynamics during fentanyl or enflurane anesthesia in patients with coronary disease. 633 55

Changes of hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, and blood pyruvate concentration, as well as in the acid-base balance, the electrolyte metabolism, and the enzyme activities into the serum were investigated in auxiliary liver transplantation in 5 dogs. Transitory hypokalemia and hypoglycemia, a slight controllable acidosis caused by lactate accumulation, as well as a strong short-term increase of the enzyme activities in the serum are an expression of the functioning of the transplanted liver. Hyperkalemia, a massive increase of the blood lactate concentration with uncontrollable acidosis, a therapy-resistant depression in blood pressure, and a slow continuous increase of the enzyme activities in the serum are symptoms of the irreversible ischemic damage of the transplanted liver. The avoidance of an irreversible ischemic damage during the preservation, the maintenance of a normal blood pressure after the transplantation, as well as the compensation of acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hypokalemia are of decisive importance for a successful liver transplantation.
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PMID:[Reaction of the whole body to auxiliary liver transplantation]. 634 14

A comparison is made of the published data on different physical methods concerning small-scale (small-amplitude) thermal motions, conformers and conformational substates of myoglobin and some other proteins in crystal and solution. Because of the underestimation of the statical and dynamical rotational disorder of the crystal lattice, the X-ray diffraction method may somewhat overestimate the amplitude values of the intramolecular thermal motions, which leads to the underestimation of the extent of conformational rigidity of the protein molecule. In solution the rigid-body rotation of the macromolecules makes a significant contribution to the apparent amplitude of atomic displacement. The damping of these motions upon the increase of viscosity or freezing of solution, crystallization or intramolecular crosslinking can partially simulate the depression of intramolecular thermal motions. According to infrared spectroscopy data the crystallization of carboxymyoglobin as well as temperature decrease down to 5K are not accompanied by preferential stabilization of one of the several discrete conformers of the active site or by diminished distribution breadth of conformational substates within individual conformers. The structural differences between these discrete conformers and the more so between conformational substates are not sizable and are confined within a limit of the amplitude of thermal motion in the polymeric monocrystal including their paracrystalline regions. The dehydration of the hemoglobin and myoglobin films leads to the loss of conformational rigidity of the active site and to the distortion of its native conformation, i.e. to the inactivation of protein.
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PMID:[Thermal movements of proteins: small-scale fluctuation and conformation substates]. 635

The 2-cyanaziridin derivative, azimexon (E), has previously been shown to have certain immunomodulatory properties. In particular, the induction of leukocytosis, the stimulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and the synergistic effect of azimexon and antibiotics in the control of lethal bacterial and fungal infections in mice prompted us to test azimexon as an adjuvant to chemotherapy in 14 myeloma patients. In a randomized double-blind cross-over study 3 X 600 mg of azimexon were added to one of two consecutive, identical chemotherapy courses consisting of melphalan/prednisone (MP) or vincristine/cyclophosphamide/melphalan/prednisone (VCMP). Chemotherapy was given during days 1-4 and azimexon or placebo were added on days 6, 10 and 14. Blood counts and natural killer (NK) cell testing were performed on days 0 and 21 of each course. With the exception of a transient taste irritation in two patients, azimexon caused no subjective side-effects. White blood cell counts were not altered by the drug; red blood cells and hemoglobin showed a borderline depression after azimexon. NK activities measured against three target cell lines (K562, IGR3, L1210) tended to increase after azimexon treatment. When added in vitro to NK assays azimexon caused a slight increase of NK activity at concentrations of 0.01-0.25 mu/ml, whereas concentrations above 1 microgram/ml were inhibitory. The increase of NK activity by azimexon was not due to the induction of interferon in the effector lymphocyte population.
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PMID:The effect of BM 12.531 (azimexon) on natural killer cell activity in myeloma patients. 636 46

The response of four Type I diabetic patients to long term (1,4,4, and 8 months) intravenous insulin infusion is reported. As compared to their usual subcutaneous depot insulin treatment, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAl) decreased from 12.2 +/- 0.7 to 8.8 +/- 0.9 (p less than 0.05). However, only 49 to 76.5% of self blood glucose monitoring results were between 60-179 mg/dl range. Although 6.3 to 15.2% of capillary blood glucose levels were less than 60 mg/dl, severe hypoglycemia occurred only on one occasion. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein all decreased significantly (p less than 0.005). The major motivating factors for participation in this study were: (1) the hope of preventing diabetic complications; (2) the wish for more knowledge about diabetes; (3) a sense of special purpose and (4) a general interest in science and research. Catheter obstruction as a result of insulin aggregation terminated the study in two subjects. A third subject requested the study be stopped primarily because of imposed travel restrictions. In one subject, the study was stopped because of a disrupted personal life and developing depression. Diabetic ketoacidosis or sepsis from the centrally placed intravenous catheter did not occur. Although long term intravenous insulin infusion is feasible in a clinical research setting, insulin aggregation continues to be a major limiting factor. The widespread clinical use of implantable pumps will have to await the development of a suitable insulin formulation.
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PMID:Long term open loop intravenous insulin infusion in type I diabetes: feasibility, problems and promise. 639 75


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