Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of iron deficiency on work capacity was studied in groups of rats that had received diets with iron contents ranging between 9 and 50 mg/kg diet from 3 to 6 wk of age. Maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) declined only 16% with a decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) from 14 to 8 g/dl and fell sharply only below a Hb of 7 g/dl. Duration until exhaustion in a treadmill exercise of submaximal intensity (endurance) showed no significant depression between a Hb of 14 and 10 g/dl. However, endurance declined abruptly by 73% between a Hb of 10 and 8 g/dl. The VO2max results are in accord with known compensatory mechanisms that help to maintain delivery of O2 to tissues until anemia becomes severe. The sharp fall in endurance with relatively mild iron deficiency suggests a lack of similarly effective compensations for decreased oxidative capacity of muscle.
 ...
PMID:Work performance in iron deficiency of increasing severity. 298 75

Hyperplasia of marrow histiocytes with extensive hemophagocytosis was found in a patient with cytomegalovirus infection. He experienced massive intravascular hemolysis, but, unexpectedly, no depression of the serum haptoglobin level was found by either single radial immunodiffusion or rate nephelometry. The unexpectedly high haptoglobin value may have been the result of "blockade" of the monocyte-macrophage system, with resultant failure to clear haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex rapidly from the circulation. Use of the techniques described for the indirect estimation of unbound serum haptoglobin alone should avoid confusing results in similar clinical circumstances.
 ...
PMID:Massive intravascular hemolysis without serum haptoglobin depletion. 299 66

Removal of endothelial cells on rings of rat aorta increased the sensitivity to the selective alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine, to the nonselective alpha adrenoceptor agonist norepinephrine and to the selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine. In the case of the first two, which are strong agonists for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor-mediating contraction, removal of endothelium increased sensitivity 4- and 6-fold at the EC30 level, but produced little or no increase in maximum. In the case of clonidine, a partial agonist for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor, which gave only about 15% of the maximum given by phenylephrine on endothelium-containing rings, removal of the endothelium not only shifted the curve to the left but also increased the maximum to about 50% of that given by phenylephrine. The depression of sensitivity to these agonists in rings with endothelium appeared to be due to the vasodepressor action of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), as hemoglobin, a specific blocking agent of EDRF, abolished this depression. It is unlikely that the endothelium-dependent depression was due to stimulation of release of EDRF, because clonidine did not produce endothelium-dependent relaxation in precontracted rings even when its contractile action was blocked by the alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. Further evidence against alpha adrenoceptor agents stimulating release of EDRF was that neither phenylephrine nor clonidine induced a rise in cyclic GMP in aortic rings, whereas acetylcholine, which does release EDRF, caused a large rise in cyclic GMP content. The possibility that the muscle cells of intact rat aortic rings were under the tonic influence of released EDRF was supported by the finding that, in the absence of any contractile agent, hemoglobin induced a fall in the basal level of cyclic GMP in endothelium-containing rings. Also consistent with EDRF being released spontaneously was the finding that contraction induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine, like that by alpha-adrenergic agonists, was also depressed in endothelium-containing rings of aorta. When the efficacy of phenylephrine as an alpha-1 agonist was reduced to about the initial efficacy of clonidine by irreversible inactivation of a very large fraction of alpha-1 adrenoceptors of the smooth muscle cells by pretreatment with dibenamine, the concentration-contraction curves for phenylephrine for both endothelium-containing rings and for endothelium-denuded rings now became very similar to the corresponding curves obtained for clonidine before receptor inactivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Depression of contractile responses in rat aorta by spontaneously released endothelium-derived relaxing factor. 300 91

Two-hundred-and-forty healthy women, ages 18 to 40 years, were randomized in a ratio of 2:5 to use NORPLANT implants or NORPLANT-2 implants. Through three years of use, no pregnancies were recorded among women using NORPLANT implants and two pregnancies were noted among women using NORPLANT-2 implants resulting in a cumulative net pregnancy rate of 1.3 +/- 0.9 per 100 acceptors (mean +/- SE) by the end of year three. This difference was not statistically significant. During the fourth year, no pregnancies were observed in the NORPLANT group, but 4 pregnancies occurred in the NORPLANT-2 group. The most common reason for terminating the study was bleeding disturbances. During the first year there were significantly more terminations due to bleeding problems in the NORPLANT group than in the NORPLANT-2 group. However, during the second year of use the proportion of women discontinuing for bleeding problems dropped considerably among NORPLANT users and during the third year very few women in either group discontinued because of bleeding problems. The continuation rates after one year were for NORPLANT users 59.4% and for NORPLANT-2 users 77.2%. Corresponding figures after three years of use were 46.1% and 51.7%, respectively. The second most common reason for discontinuation was depression and other mood changes. In both groups we noted a slight increase in weight during the study and a slight decrease in blood pressure and hemoglobin levels with time. In conclusion, both NORPLANT and NORPLANT-2 implants are very effective methods for contraception. The efficacy of NORPLANT-2 implants, however, was not acceptable during the fourth year of use in this study. The latter system could, however, become a suitable three-year contraceptive method, possibly with less bleeding disturbances than NORPLANT in the first year.
 ...
PMID:Contraception with NORPLANT implants and NORPLANT-2 implants (two covered rods). Results from a comparative clinical study in Sweden. 313 Feb 21

In the present study, 58 relatives of cancer patients (50 women and 8 men, mean age 53) who experienced the grief and tension induced by severe illness in the family were followed. The aim of the study was to examine possible associations between anxiety, depression, and mental exhaustion, on one hand, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlC) level and changes in HbAlC level on the other hand. The relatives were studied approximately once a month during part of the patient's period of illness. On each occasion their psychiatric state was evaluated by means of a standardized observation and interview technique. A blood sample in the nonfasting state was taken for HbAlC assay. The main finding is that a high level of anxiety during the course of a close relative's cancer illness is associated with increasing HbAlC levels (p less than .01).
 ...
PMID:Elevation of glycosylated hemoglobin in a severe crisis situation--cancer in a close relative. 316 40

Studies were done to ascertain whether dietary magnesium, manganese and boron affect the response of the rat to high dietary aluminum. Four factorially arranged experiments of 7 weeks duration were performed with weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats. The variables were the following supplements (microgram/g fresh diet): boron as boric acid, 0 and 3; aluminum as aluminum chloride, 0 and 1,000; and magnesium as magnesium acetate, 100 and 400 (experiments 1 and 4) or 100, 200 and 400 (experiments 2 and 3). In experiments 1 and 2, the diet was supplemented with 20 micrograms manganese/g as manganese acetate, in experiments 3 and 4 the supplement was 50 micrograms/g. High dietary aluminum seemed most toxic when dietary magnesium was low enough to cause a marked growth depression (100 micrograms/g). High dietary aluminum elevated the spleen weight/body weight and liver weight/body weight ratios in magnesium-deficient, but not in magnesium-adequate rats. High dietary aluminum depressed the concentrations of magnesium in bone more markedly in magnesium-deficient than adequate rats. On the other hand, aluminum seemed most toxic when dietary boron was not low. Aluminum more markedly depressed growth in boron-supplemented than boron-deprived rats. In the boron-deprived rats fed 400 micrograms magnesium/g of diet, high dietary aluminum (1,000 micrograms/g) apparently was beneficial, in experiments 2 and 3, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were actually normalized by high dietary aluminum. Plasma magnesium was significantly depressed by high dietary aluminum when the manganese supplement was 50 micrograms/g diet but not when it was 20 micrograms/g diet. On the other hand, growth was more markedly depressed by high dietary aluminum in boron-supplemented rats when the manganese supplement was 20 rather than 50 micrograms/g diet. The findings indicate that the response of rats to high dietary aluminum is influenced by magnesium, boron, and manganese nutriture.
 ...
PMID:Dietary magnesium, manganese and boron affect the response of rats to high dietary aluminum. 318 13

The relationship of diabetes symptoms to current mood and general metabolic control was studied. Symptoms commonly associated with poorly controlled diabetes (e.g., thirst, polyuria, weight loss) were measured in 114 patients with diabetes mellitus (type 1 = 57, type 2 = 57). Scores for these individual symptoms were correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). HbA1 was poorly correlated (r less than 0.2) with nine of the eleven symptoms and made a significant independent contribution only to the reporting of polyuria (p = 0.04). In contrast, depression was moderately correlated with nine symptoms and had a significant effect on the reporting of two of three hyperglycemic symptoms, five of six hypoglycemic symptoms, and both nonspecific symptoms of poor control (p less than 0.05 for each). We conclude that many reported symptoms often attributed to diabetes are more related to depressive mood than to a conventional clinical measure of blood glucose control. Diabetes symptoms may be unreliable indicators of poor metabolic control when features suggestive of depression are present.
 ...
PMID:Depression and the reporting of diabetes symptoms. 323 77

The subchronic dermal toxicity of a medium-boiling coal liquefaction product (CLP, 154-378 degrees C) was investigated in the rat. CLP was applied to the shaved backs of rats at dose levels of 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg body weight.d, 7 d/wk for a period of 13 wk. Control groups received 0.4 ml/kg of normal saline. Signs of dermal irritation were observed at sites of application in males dosed at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and were characterized by thickened, focally necrotic and ulcerative skin. All animals survived the full length of the treatment period. Growth depression was observed in males at all dose levels, but no significant decrease in weight gain was observed in females. An increase in liver/body weight ratios was observed in all treatment groups of both sexes. The organ/body weight ratios for the spleen, heart, kidney, and brain were also increased in the upper dose groups of both sexes. Treatment with CLP caused a dose-dependent decrease in hemoglobin and packed cell volume in both sexes of all dose groups. The number of erythrocytes was decreased and that of neutrophils was increased in some CLP-treated groups of both sexes. There was a mild myeloid hyperplasia with increased myeloid/erythroid ratios in the 200- and 400-mg/kg groups of both sexes. Hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin deethylase activity was increased in all treatment groups of females, and in males dosed at 100 mg/kg and higher. In the renal tubules mild treatment-related histological changes occurred, which consisted of eosinophilic inclusions, increased cytoplasmic volume, and pyknosis. These changes were noted in the high-dose groups of both sexes. These data indicate that the medium-boiling CLP could produce systemic toxicity when applied dermally at 50 mg/kg body weight.d.
 ...
PMID:Dermal toxicity of a medium-boiling (154-378 degrees C) coal liquefaction product in the rat--Part I. 334 96

We conducted a double-blind, randomized, parallel group study in 169 patients with acute duodenal ulcers to compare omeprazole, 20 mg daily, with cimetidine, 600 mg twice daily. After 2 wk, 58% of the omeprazole-treated patients and 46% of the cimetidine-treated patients were completely healed (p = 0.056). After 4 and 6 wk 84% and 88% healed with omeprazole, and 80% and 89% healed with cimetidine (p = NS). After 2 wk, pain was completely gone in 62% of the omeprazole-treated patients versus 46% of the cimetidine-treated patients (p = 0.04). Clinical or laboratory adverse events were reported in 6 (7%) of the omeprazole-treated patients and 11 (13%) of the cimetidine-treated patients (p = NS). An adverse event caused withdrawal of 1 patient on omeprazole (anxiety and depression) and 2 patients on cimetidine (diarrhea and fall in hemoglobin). We conclude that omeprazole (20 mg daily) resulted in a trend toward more rapid ulcer healing compared with a relatively high dose of cimetidine (600 mg b.i.d.), and was preferred by patients for relief of ulcer pain.
 ...
PMID:Omeprazole (20 mg daily) versus cimetidine (1200 mg daily) in duodenal ulcer healing and pain relief. 335 Feb 81

In the liver of adjuvant arthritic rats perfused with a hemoglobin-free buffer solution, the rate of metabolism of a model drug, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroanisole, was approximately half that of the control, while the bile flow rate was normal. Granulation tissue extracts and arthritic rat serum had no effect on the activity of CNA metabolism in normal rat liver preparations. In the perfused normal rat liver, the rate of CNA metabolism was inhibited by addition of prostaglandin (PG) E1, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha, respectively, in a final concentration of 0.5 microM. The inhibition by PGE1 was increased in the concentration range from 0.1 to 2.5 microM. The bile flow rate was not affected by the added PGs. However, these PGs had no direct effect on the CNA demethylating activity of the isolated hepatocytes from normal rat liver in a high concentration of 10 microM. Serotonin stimulated slightly CNA metabolism and bile production in the perfused livers by the intermittent infusion, but was without effect in the isolated hepatocytes. Epinephrine and histamine had no significant effect on CNA metabolism in both liver preparations. A similar pattern of the inhibition of CNA metabolism by PGs was reproduced in the normal rat liver perfused with the medium containing the supernatant of the hepatic nonparenchymal cells incubated in the presence of PGE1. The involvement of liver sinusoidal cells as secretory cells in depression of hepatic drug metabolism has been discussed.
 ...
PMID:Prostaglandins: a possible mediator to inhibit hepatic drug metabolism in adjuvant arthritic rats. 346 29


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>