Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous prognostic studies of infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) have not adequately considered the heterogeneity of IUGR in terms of cause, severity, and body proportionality and have been prone to misclassification of IUGR because of errors in estimation of gestational age. Based on a cohort of 8719 infants with early-ultrasound-validated gestational ages and indexes of body proportionality standardized for birth weight, the consequences of severity and cause-specific IUGR and proportionality for fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality were assessed. With progressive severity of IUGR, there were significant (all P less than .001) linear trends for increasing risks of stillbirth, fetal distress (abnormal electronic fetal heart tracings)O during parturition, neonatal hypoglycemia (minimum plasma glucose less than 40 mg/dL), hypocalcemia (minimum Ca less than 7 mg/dL), polycythemia (maximum capillary hemoglobin greater than or equal to 21 g/dL), severe depression at birth (manual ventilation greater than 3 minutes), 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores less than or equal to 6, 1-minute Apgar score less than or equal to 3, and in-hospital death. These trends persisted for the more common outcomes even after restriction to term (37 to 42 weeks) births. There was no convincing evidence that outcome among infants with a given degree of growth retardation varied as a function of cause of that growth retardation. Among infants with IUGR, increased length-for-weight had significant crude associations with hypoglycemia and polycythemia, but these associations disappeared after adjustment for severity of growth retardation and gestational age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Impact of intrauterine growth retardation and body proportionality on fetal and neonatal outcome. 223 24

Serum proteins, serum iron and total iron binding capacity were estimated in 50 patients with oral submucous fibrosis and 50 patients with oral leukoplakia. The values were compared with that of 50 age- and sex-matched controls. A significant depression in hemoglobin and serum iron was observed in both groups of patients, whereas total iron binding capacity showed significant change only in the oral submucous fibrosis patients. Serum protein values were significantly lower in all the patients. The role of iron deficiency anemia in the causation of this premalignant lesion is discussed.
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PMID:Serum levels of iron and proteins in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). 227 76

Determined the relationships among the learned helplessness attributional style, depression, regimen adherence, and metabolic control in a sample of diabetic youth. Fifty children (20 male and 30 female) between the ages of 10 and 16 completed the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Children's Depression Inventory. Regimen adherence was assessed with three 24-hr recall interviews conducted separately with patients and their mothers over a 1-week period. Metabolic control was measured by glycosylated hemoglobin A1 (HbA1). Learned helplessness was significantly associated with depression (p less than .001) and HbA1 (p less than .02), but was not associated with regimen adherence. Depression was unrelated to regimen adherence and metabolic control. The adherence measures together accounted for 24% of the variance of HbA1. Significant correlations were obtained between HbA1 and the exercise (p less than .05) and eating/testing frequency (p less than .05) adherence factors, indicating that lower levels of adherence were associated with worse metabolic control. Age, pubertal status, sex, disease duration, and SES were unrelated to regimen adherence and metabolic control. These results support the notion that the learned helplessness attributional style for negative events is related to both depression and long-term metabolic control problems in diabetic youths.
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PMID:Learned helplessness in diabetic youths. 228 68

Optical fluorescence and reflectance measurements have been used to map the distribution of metabolic states in three dimensions in the gerbil brain with a spatial resolution of 200 microns an a time resolution of 4-6 s. In Mongolian gerbils anesthetized with pentobarbital, the redox states of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavoprotein components of the electron transport chain exhibit two distinct phases during the wave of spreading depression: (1) a transient period of oxidation and (2) a prolonged period of reduction, during which the cytochromes are reduced, and the hemoglobin is predominantly in the deoxy form. These data are interpreted as indicating that the energy demand placed on the gerbil brain during such spreading depression wave is sufficient to drive the brain temporarily hypoxic.
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PMID:Time resolved 3-dimensional recording of redox ratio during spreading depression in gerbil brain. 230 48

Fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) may increase in patients receiving chemotherapeutic drugs, a result of potential use in patients with symptomatic hemoglobinopathies. We examined Hb F in 13 patients with myeloproliferative disease (six polycythemia vera, five polycythemia vera with myeloid metaplasia, one agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, and one chronic myelogenous leukemia) who were treated with hydroxyurea. Four patients showed an increase in Hb F from less than 1% to between 5% and greater than 8% while on hydroxyurea, and a decline to less than 1% when the drug was discontinued. This group of "responders" received a higher average daily dose of hydroxyurea, which was administered continuously rather than intermittently, when compared to the "nonresponders." Mean corpuscular volumes (MCVs) rose in most patients, and i antigen remained elevated or decreased; neither parameter correlated with Hb F levels. Both responders and nonresponders had therapeutically desirable suppression of WBCs and platelets, and almost all had no depression of reticulocytes or Hb.
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PMID:The effect of hydroxyurea on hemoglobin F in patients with myeloproliferative syndromes. 241 68

Cardiovascular, pulmonary, and behavioral effects of multiple doses of oxymorphone in 10 nonanesthetized, spontaneously breathing, healthy dogs were studied. Oxymorphone (0.4 mg/kg of body weight) was administered IV, and at 20, 40, and 60 minutes after the first injection was given, 0.2 mg of oxymorphone/kg was administered. Cardiovascular and pulmonary variables were measured before (base line) and at 5, 15, 35, 55, 75, 100, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 300 minutes after the first oxymorphone injection. Degree of sedation and behavioral effects also were recorded. Naloxone (0.04 mg/kg, IV) was administered 4.5 hours after the 4th oxymorphone injection, and behavioral changes were recorded. Oxymorphone induced mild respiratory depression. After transient apnea developed, respiratory rate increased to a pant, tidal volume decreased, and minute ventilation increased, but these values were not significantly (P = 0.05) different from base line. The PaCO2, physiologic dead space, and base deficit increased; alveolar tidal volume decreased; and alveolar minute ventilation did not change. The PaO2 decreased, hemoglobin and arterial O2 content increased, and O2 transport did not change. Venous admixture transiently increased. Oxymorphone induced minimal cardiovascular depression. Mean arterial blood pressure, stroke volume, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary wedge pressure increased. Heart rate decreased, systemic vascular resistance transiently increased, and cardiac output transiently decreased. Because the dogs moved spontaneously, responded to sound with sudden, vigorous movements, and breathed with excessive effort, oxymorphone alone was considered inadequate as a general anesthetic.
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PMID:Oxymorphone: cardiovascular, pulmonary, and behavioral effects in dogs. 244 2

It is generally believed that metabolic acidosis prevails during cardiac arrest. However, recent experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that respiratory acidosis in mixed venous blood and respiratory alkalosis in arterial blood with only minor increases in lactic acid characterize the early acid-base changes that follow cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). While continued CO2 production with critical reduction in systemic perfusion explains the accumulation of CO2 in the venous side, the reduction of pulmonary blood flow with maintenance of constant minute ventilation explains the decreases in expired CO2 and therefore arterial PCO2. In the heart, marked increases in CO2 tension and lactic acid are associated with dramatic decreases in myocardial pH with consequent depression of contractile function. Administration of sodium bicarbonate, however, neither increases resuscitability nor improves long term outcome. Moreover, adverse effects stemming from increases in plasma osmolality, increases in hemoglobin-O2 affinity, induction of alkalemia and generation of CO2 are potentially deleterious for myocardial and cerebral function. Consequently, the American Heart Association has recently discouraged the routine administration of bicarbonate during the initial 10 minutes of CPR in which interventions with proven efficacy such as artificial ventilation, precordial compression, electric defibrillation and epinephrine administration take place. Alternative experimental buffer therapy with agents that consume CO2 have also failed to alter the outcome of cardiac arrest.
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PMID:[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: acid-base alterations and alkalizing therapy]. 256 3

Mental disability, variables associated with it and predictors of mental disability in late life were studied in 716 men from eastern and southwestern Finland in connection with the 25-year follow-up of the east-west study, which formed the Finnish part of the seven-countries study. The examinations were carried out in autumn 1984, when the men were 65-84 years of age. According to a 10-item mental status questionnaire, 95% of the men had normal mental capacities. There were no differences between the 2 areas. Old age, low educational level, low functional capacity, low body mass index, low serum cholesterol, low diastolic blood pressure, low alcohol or coffee consumption, low hemoglobin, low serum calcium, low serum triiodothyronine, high scores on the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, and presence of transient ischemia or stroke were associated with mental disability in 1984. In the prospective analysis, low forced vital capacity, low forced expiratory volume in 0.75 s and high blood pressure in middle age predicted mental disability in old age.
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PMID:Mental disability among elderly men in Finland: prevalence, predictors and correlates. 259 44

Participants (n=165) entering a week-long outpatient education program completed a protocol measuring self-care patterns, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and emotional well-being. Emotional well-being was reassessed at the end of the program, and the entire protocol was completed again at 6 mo (n=124). At the program's end, participants improved on all measures of emotional well-being (P less than .01). Self-esteem and diabetes self-efficacy rose, whereas anxiety and depression fell. At 6 mo, improvement in emotional well-being continued, and important self-care behaviors improved from preprogram levels. Self-monitoring of blood glucose and exercise rose (both P less than .001), and bringing (P less than .01) and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (P less than .001) fell. Program effects were unrelated to demographic or disease characteristics but strongly related to initial status. Participants who entered the program with high levels of emotional well-being or good self-care patterns or glycemic control tended to change little, if at all, at later measurements. On the other hand, people who entered the program with low levels of emotional well-being or with poor self-care patterns or glycemic control improved substantially. Our findings suggest that diabetes education can promote long-term benefits in self-care, metabolic control, and emotional status if the program is specifically designed to provide these benefits. Aspects of the program that contribute to its efficacy are discussed.
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PMID:Effect of diabetes education on self-care, metabolic control, and emotional well-being. 227 67

A 28-day oral dosage test of miporamicin (MPM), a new macrolide antibiotic, was performed to assess its toxicologic potential in groups of male and female rats receiving the compound in feed. Five graded dosage levels of 0, 3,200, 8,000, 20,000, and 50,000 ppm were employed for treatment with MPM in feed and the treatment period was followed by a 28-day recovery phase observation period. 1. No deaths occurred throughout the course of the experiment. Animals receiving 50,000 ppm developed signs: ruffled hair coat and emaciation, which disappeared following withdrawal of the drug. 2. The MPM-50,000 group displayed depression of weight gain and decrease of feed and water intake during the treatment period. During the posttreatment recovery phase observation period the animals showed recovery in weight gain rate as well as in feed and water intake. 3. The achieved compound dosage was 273 mg/kg/day in males and 288 mg/kg/day in females in the MPM-3,200 group, 721 and 773 mg/kg/day respectively in the MPM-8,000 group, 1,738 and 1,856 mg/kg/day in the MPM-20,000 group, and 3,405 and 3,611 mg/kg/day in the MPM-50,000 group. 4. Hematological examinations revealed low values for RBC, WBC, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration and decreased platelet counts in the MPM-50,000 group, which were considered to be due to the decreased feed intake. These changes disappeared or abated following withdrawal. 5. Of various serum biochemical parameters assessed, total protein, albumin, glucose and triglycerides showed lowered values in the MPM-50,000 group. All these changes were considered to be attributable to the decreased feed intake. During the ensuing recovery phase observation period, all these parameters showed restoration or abatement in parallel with the recovery in feed intake. 6. Urine analysis disclosed decrease of urine volume, lowered electrolyte concentration and elevation of urine osmolarity in the MPM-20,000 and the MPM-50,000 groups. These changes were considered to be secondary to cecal enlargement which is commonly seen with antibiotic medication, or to the decreased feed and water intake. Following drug withdrawal, all these changes disappeared with the recovery in feed and water intake and abatement of cecal hyperplasia. 7. At terminal necropsy, diminution of body fat and atrophy of the spleen and thymus that correlated with emaciation were noted in the MPM-50,000 group. Dose-related enlargement of the caecum was also noted in the treated groups. All these changes disappeared or abated following withdrawal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Subacute toxicity study of miporamicin in rats by twenty-eight-day administration in feed]. 262 84


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