Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients treated for Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have a better prognosis than other patients with cancer so may have a lower prevalence of psychological and social morbidity. Trained interviewers used standardised methods to assess 90 patients at a mean of 32 months after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy had commonly caused adverse effects including hair loss, vomiting, nausea, and loss of appetite. Although most patients were free of disease and not receiving treatment at follow up, some still suffered from a lack of energy (31 patients), loss of libido (19), irritability (22), and tiredness (19); 30 patients complained of continued impairment of thinking or disturbance of short term memory. After diagnosis 21 patients had suffered from an anxiety state or depressive illness, or both, while 27 had experienced borderline anxiety or depression, or both. Mood disturbance was positively correlated with adverse effects of treatment, particularly those affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Social adjustment was less affected, but failure to return to work, or a long delay in returning to work, and a persistent lack of interest in leisure activities gave cause for concern. These findings of substantial psychiatric and social morbidity in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma prompted a prospective study of these patients to determine their nature and duration.
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PMID:Psychological problems associated with diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas. I: Retrospective study. 311 23

A prospective study of 120 patients newly diagnosed as having Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was conducted to determine the nature, extent, and timing of the psychiatric and social morbidity associated with the diagnosis and treatment. Patients were interviewed at diagnosis and two, six, and 12 months later by trained interviewers using standardised questionnaires. Psychiatric morbidity was greatest in the three months before treatment, but new episodes of anxiety and depression developed throughout the year of follow up. Altogether 39 patients suffered a depressive illness or anxiety state, or both, and a further 37 experienced borderline anxiety or depression, or both, during the 15 months of assessment. The most common adverse effects of treatment were hair loss, nausea, vomiting, sore mouth, and changes in perception of taste. Toxicity of treatment was associated with psychiatric morbidity. Conditioned responses to chemotherapy were experienced by 32 patients. Social morbidity was low, although difficulties in returning to work and to previous levels of leisure activity were noted. Although most patients were no longer receiving treatment and were free of disease at the one year follow up, 51 patients continued to complain of loss of energy, 24 of loss of libido, 38 of tiredness, 23 of irritability, 18 of poor concentration, and 23 of memory impairment. These results confirm our retrospective study and suggest that a high price is paid for long term survival by a substantial proportion of patients receiving treatment for Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:Psychological problems associated with diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas. II: Prospective study. 311 24

Natural killer (NK) activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of peripheral blood lymphocytes from untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients were found to be depressed, when tested against the human erythroblastoid cell-line K562. The percentage of active killer (AK) cells and that of target binding cells (TBC) of the patients were also inhibited. Treatment of the patients lymphocytes with interferon (IFN) caused an augmentation in their NK activity which was comparable with that seen in the controls. Lymphocytes from some of the patients and controls were cocultured with K562 cells for production of natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF). The NKCF released by the patients lymphocytes showed a reduced lytic activity against K562 target cells. The depression in all the activities reported here showed a correlation with the clinical status of the patients except in the case of ADCC. These results indicate that further characterization of the properties of NKCF will contribute the understanding of the mechanism of NK cytotoxicity.
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PMID:Natural killer activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 335 38

A patient seen at presentation for Hodgkin's disease (HD) at stage IV B was successfully treated with MOPP. In remission he developed coeliac disease, controlled by dietary measures, but 26 months after the end of chemotherapy a severe dyspeptic syndrome appeared; endoscopy and barium meal suggested the presence of a gastric tumour, which was surgically removed and showed the histological features of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lympho-histiocytic type. Only moderate chemotherapy was given after the operation and the patient obtained a new complete remission which has lasted 3 years so far. It is likely that the immune depression caused by HD itself and the relevant chemotherapy may have favoured the occurrence of both coeliac disease and subsequent gastric lymphoma.
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PMID:Gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease. 375 40

Demethoxydaunorubicin (DMDR), a new anthracycline available both for intravenous and oral administration, was given in 14 cases of leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) replacing either daunorubicin (DNR) or doxorubicin (DOX) in conventional chemotherapy regimes. In acute leukaemia (6 myeloblastic and 1 common lymphoblastic) there were 5 complete (CR) and 2 partial (PR) remissions; one patient, previously brought into remission with a regime including i.v. DMDR was thereafter maintained in CR with oral DMDR. Among the patients treated with the oral DMDR, 2 NHL cases were treated; 1 patient had a sustained remission of 12 months so far, with DMDR alone; another patient had a CR with a combined regime. In MM, one patient with very advanced disease treated with i.v. DMDR/CHOP did not respond, but three cases treated with oral DMDR plus other drugs showed a partial remission. Toxic effects were limited to brief episodes of nausea and vomiting in a few i.v. treated patients; a prolonged bone marrow depression was observed in one case only. No cardiotoxic effect was recorded.
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PMID:Intravenous and oral demethoxydaunorubicin (NSC 256-439) in the treatment of acute leukemia and lymphoma: a pilot study. 385 41

Low dose total body irradiation (TBI) administered in small fractional doses (5-10 cGy) for the treatment of disseminated malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can be extremely toxic with substantial bone marrow depression. We elected to study bone marrow suppression following fractionated TBI in the rabbit. New Zealand white/female rabbits were thus treated with one of the following three schedules: (1) 3 fractions of 10 cGy per week; (2) 5 fractions of 10 cGy per week; and (3) 5 fractions of 25 cGy per week. Total doses ranged from 1050 to 2625 cGy and animals were sacrificed immediately, 4 weeks, or 8 weeks following completion of therapy. With the 10 cGy/day schedules, slight depression of total WBC counts and lymphocyte numbers occurred during and to the completion of irradiation followed by a rebound to greater than normal levels. With the 25 cGy schedule, a significant WBC and lymphocyte depression occurred at an accumulated dose of 1000 cGy and continued to decrease up to 2500 cGy, followed again by a rebound to greater than normal levels. The depression with the 25 cGy fractions was significantly greater than with the 10 cGy daily fractions. Thus, the severe and persistent peripheral blood count depression observed in CLL patients treated with TBI in small fractional doses was not reproduced in the normal rabbits. Possible explanations for this paradox are offered.
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PMID:The paradoxes in patterns and mechanism of bone marrow regeneration after irradiation. 2. Total body irradiation. 639 45

While radiotherapy and antineoplastic chemotherapy often control malignancies they may, paradoxically, cause new cancers to develop as long-term complications. Although almost any type of neoplasm can occur, radiation-induced malignancies are most likely to affect the myelopoietic tissues and the thyroid gland. The former tissues are also most frequently involved by chemotherapy. The combination of intensive radiotherapy and intensive chemotherapy is particularly leukemogenic. Acute myeloid leukemia has occurred with increased frequency following treatment of Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer, polycythemia vera, carcinoma of the thyroid gland, and carcinoma of the breast. Radiation-induced malignancies usually occur in the field of irradiation. For example, radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix may be followed by the development of carcinomas of the endometrium, vagina, urinary bladder, colon , rectum, and anus, as well as mesotheliomas of the peritoneum and osteosarcomas of the pelvis. Tumors developing in an irradiated field include a substantial number of soft tissue sarcomas or osteosarcomas. There is a 20-fold increase of second cancers following treatment of childhood malignancies, mostly sarcomas of bone and soft tissues, but including leukemia, and carcinomas of the thyroid gland, skin, and breast. The latent period between radiotherapy and the appearance of a second cancer ranges from 2 years to several decades, often being 10-15 years. With chemotherapy the mean latent period is shorter, approximately 4 years. The mechanism of oncogenesis by radiotherapy or chemotherapy is poorly understood and probably involves a complex interplay of somatic mutation, co-oncogenic effects, depression of host immunity, stimulation of cellular proliferation, and genetic susceptibility. The danger of developing second malignancies following radiotherapy or chemotherapy emphasizes the need for lifelong follow-up of patients given these forms of treatment; particularly in those with a long life expectancy as are those treated for childhood neoplasms.
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PMID:Second neoplasms following radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer. 708 Nov 42

Phenotype and release of IL1 alpha, IL6 and TNF alpha were examined in monocytes derived from 14 healthy donors and 24 tumour patients in a long-term culture using immunohistochemical, RNA in situ hybridization and ELISA techniques. After stimulation with LPS and IFN-gamma, blood monocytes and resulting macrophages showed an overall decrease in cytokine release from the 6th to the 48th day of culture, both with and without HIV infection. HIV infection provided a strong stimulus for IL6 production and a weak stimulus for IL1 alpha production, whereas TNF alpha release decreased after HIV infection. Non-HIV-infected monocytes/macrophages from patients with malignancies showed significantly reduced cytokine production after stimulation, in comparison with monocytes/macrophages from healthy subjects. In vitro HIV infection of monocytes from tumour patients caused severe depression of cytokine production during the whole time of observation. In all experiments a parallel was observed between the extent of cytokine release and the presence of young/early inflammatory macrophages as identified by the antibody MAC387/27E10 in situ. In contrast, cytokine expression assessed semiquantitatively by immunohistochemical staining in situ showed discordant development, since it increased during long-term culture, while supernatant concentrations of cytokines declined. Simultaneously, significant cytokine RNA levels could be found in macrophages from the 6th to the 24th day of culture, as detected by in situ hybridization. After 48 days of culture, no more cytokine RNA was detectable, while macrophages continued to exhibit distinct immunohistochemical positivity for cytokine antibodies. From these results, it is concluded that macrophages kept in culture for a long period become inhibited in their secretion. HIV has an ambivalent effect on cytokine production in Mo/Mac, resulting in an increase in IL6 and IL1 as well as a decrease in TNF alpha production. Mo/Mac of non-HIV-infected tumour patients show significantly reduced cytokine production in comparison with Mo/Mac from healthy subjects. The sum of the HIV infection in vitro and the tumour burden results in a dramatic reduction in cytokine release in Mo/Mac. This finding may provide a possible explanation for the specific aggressive behaviour of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease in AIDS.
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PMID:In vitro analysis of HIV- and non-HIV-infected monocytes/macrophages from healthy subjects and patients with malignant tumours. 780 Sep 44

During the last ten years a substantial reduction in mortality has been obtained for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Since lymphoma treatment is often accompanied by side effects and long-term sequelae, however, patients often have problems with rehabilitation. It is thus very important that these problems and needs be identified. Going back to work is one of the main objectives of rehabilitation and can be taken as a valuable indicator of the problems and needs of such patients. We therefore conducted a study at the Jules Bordet Institute between December 1989 and December 1990. Of the patients in remission and able to go back to work, only 54% of them have done so. Anxiety, depression, and treatment toxicity interfere with return to work, and the likelihood of job reentry increases with the time lapse since the end of treatment. Rehabilitation programs must focus on alleviating illness and treatment sequelae as soon as treatment ends.
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PMID:Professional rehabilitation of lymphoma patients: a study of psychosocial factors associated with return to work. 815 41

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients were tested for LAK cell cytotoxicity using appropriate targets in a short-term 51chromium-release assay. The results showed a significant depression in LNL-LAK activity suggesting the reduced capacity of LNL to generate LAK cells. LNL-LAK cells demonstrated significantly low percentages of cells expressing CD16, CD56 and CD25 as compared to PBL-LAK of patients and healthy donors. The reduced capacity to generate LAK cells in lymph nodes could be due to the presence of low numbers of NK cells which are thought to be the main precursors of LAK cells. The IL-2 producing ability of lymph node mononuclear cells was found to be significantly higher than that of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both healthy donors and NHL patients.
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PMID:Characterization of lymphokine-activated killer cells from peripheral blood and lymph nodes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. 835 Sep 43


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