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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of community-based cancer support groups (CSGs) in helping people cope with cancer is well known. Recently, online CSGs have become a viable alternative to traditional CSGs. The purposes of this study were to determine if categories of responses on Internet cancer support groups (ICSGs) differ when the majority of the participants were of a single gender, and whether response categories seen on gender-specific ICSGs were different than those on ICSGs used equally by men and women. A line-by-line analysis of postings on prostate, breast, and mixed ICSGs were analyzed and responses categorized. Four categories (information giving/seeking; encouragement/support; personal opinion; and personal experience) accounted for approximately 80% of responses across the groups. Information giving/seeking was ranked first in the prostate group, and personal experience took priority in the breast group. Men were more than twice as likely to give information and women more than twice as likely to give encouragement and support. One category (prayer), identified in the mixed group, was lacking in the prostate and breast groups, and an activism category was added to the prostate group. Categorical responses differed by gender (chi 2 = 79.40, P < .0001). Attention should be given to facilitating the entry of underserved groups into ICSGs. Future research should explore the relationship between ICSG membership and variables such as depression, survival time, and quality of life.
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PMID:Gender differences on Internet cancer support groups. 1019 83

Using a national longitudinal survey of a representative sample of 1,256 adults, I assess the impact of the amount of household labor performed and its division within the household on men's and women's depression levels, adjusting for prior mental health status. I test two alternative explanations of the contributions of household labor and the division of household labor to gender differences in depression: differential exposure and differential vulnerability. The results indicate that men's lower contributions to household labor explain part of the gender difference in depression. Inequity in the division of household labor has a greater impact on distress than does the amount of household labor. Employment status moderates the effect of the division of labor on depression. Among those who describe themselves as keeping house, depression was lowest for those who performed 79.8 percent of housework. In contrast, for those employed full-time the minimum level of depression occurs at 45.8 percent of the household labor. Men report performing 42.3 percent of the housework in their homes compared to 68.1 percent reported by women. Thus, on average women are performing household labor beyond the point of maximum psychological benefit, whereas men are not. Social support mediates the effects of the division of household labor. The only gender difference in effects occurred among those who are married, for whom social support was associated with lower levels of depression for women than men.
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PMID:Gender, household labor, and psychological distress: the impact of the amount and division of housework. 1033 20

Overweight is often mentioned in causal relationship with various psychological problems and a lack of self-control. 438 randomly chosen subjects (selected from electoral registers or by random walk method)--men and women from Prague and the countryside--were divided according to their body weight into two groups, one with BMI equal or lower that 25, the other one with BMI higher than 25. 92.2 per cent of the subjects were overweight, 8 per cent had BMI higher than 30. Comparison of the two groups with lower and higher body weight based on a self-report questionnaire (GHQ, CAGE and some other items) showed differences between men and women. In men, with growing body weight the self-control in food intake decreased and problems related to lack of self-control increased significantly (smoking, problems with alcohol). On the contrary, women with overweight reported higher self-control in food intake (dieting) and had less problems with alcohol. The relationship between psychological problems (depression, anxiety) and overweight was not unequivocally proved. Men with higher body weight reported significantly less somatic problems in the GHQ. They also suffered comparatively less from depression and anxiety. The overweight women showed slightly more anxiety and significantly higher social dysfunction than women with normal body weight.
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PMID:The relationship between overweight and psychological problems in adult Czech population. 1035 30

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether smoking patients with chronic bronchitis (CB) and recurrent exacerbations show signs of depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI), as reflected in the cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, in comparison with asymptomatic smokers and healthy never-smokers. The study was a comparative clinical study performed at a university hospital center of respiratory medicine. Sixteen smokers with stable CB and recurrent exacerbations, five of whom had mild airflow obstruction, 18 asymptomatic smokers and 18 healthy never-smokers, all aged between 35 and 64 years, participated. No subjects treated with corticosteroids or N-acetylcysteine were included. Cutaneous DTH-reactions to seven recall antigens were assessed with Multitest, a standardized in vivo test of clinical CMI. Reactions were assessed 48 h after application by measurement of skin induration. A score (sum in mm of positive reactions) was created to assess overall reactivity. Neither the score nor the number of positive reactions differed significantly between the three study groups. Men had a significantly higher reactivity than women (P < 0.05) irrespective of group affiliation. No influence of smoking status on DTH reactivity could be seen. In the CB group no correlation was found between DTH reactivity and number of exacerbations the past 2 years. Patients with chronic bronchitis and recurrent exacerbations did not differ from asymptomatic smokers or healthy never-smokers with respect to cutaneous DTH reactions. Depression of CMI, as measured in this study, does not seem to be a primary factor behind recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB.
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PMID:Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in smokers with chronic bronchitis and recurrent exacerbations: comparison with asymptomatic smokers and never-smokers. 1046 36

An ongoing longitudinal community study (N = 375) examined childhood risks and later adult impairments associated with 1-year Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) diagnoses of major depression during the transition to adulthood. Risks from birth to age 9 were reported by mothers, participants, and teachers. Teacher-reported hostility at age 6 predicted later depression. At age 9, self-perceptions of anxiety/depression, unpopularity, familial rejection, and abuse were potent risks. For men, neonatal and childhood health problems predicted later depression. For women, risks included family constellation, parental death, and poor academic achievement at age 9. Men and women who were depressed at age 18, age 21, or both demonstrated extensive psychosocial impairments in early adulthood, including poor overall functioning, interpersonal and behavioral problems, low self-esteem, and suicidality.
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PMID:Major depression in the transition to adulthood: risks and impairments. 1046 74

The objective of this study was to determine whether endogenous sex hormone levels predict cognitive function in older men. Our study design was an exploratory analysis in a population-based cohort in Rancho Bernardo, California. The study participants were 547 community-dwelling men 59-89 yr of age at baseline who were not using testosterone or estrogen therapy. Between 1984 and 1987, sera were collected for measurement of endogenous total and bioavailable testosterone and estradiol levels. Between 1988 and 1991, 12 standard neuropsychological instruments were administered, including two items from the Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration (BIMC) Test, three measures of retrieval from the Buschke-Fuld Selective Reminding Test, a category fluency test, immediate and delayed recall from the Visual Reproduction Test, the Mini-Mental State Examination with individual analysis of the Serial Sevens and the "World" Backwards components, and the Trail-Making Test Part B. In age- and education-adjusted analyses, men with higher levels of total and bioavailable estradiol had poorer scores on the BIMC Test and Mini-Mental State Examination. Men with higher levels of bioavailable testosterone had better scores on the BIMC Test and the Selective Reminding Test (long-term storage). Five associations were U-shaped: total testosterone and total and bioavailable estradiol with the BIMC Test; bioavailable testosterone with the "World" test; and total estradiol with the Trail-Making Test. All associations were relatively weak but independent of age, education, body mass index, alcohol use, cigarette smoking and depression. In these older men, low estradiol and high testosterone levels predicted better performance on several tests of cognitive function. Linear and nonlinear associations were also found, suggesting that an optimal level of sex hormones may exist for some cognitive functions.
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PMID:Endogenous sex hormones and cognitive function in older men. 1052 14

World-wide life expectancy at birth for men and women will have increased by about 20 y during 50 y period between 1950 and 2000. As a result, the proportion of the elderly population is expected to increase significantly in the 21st century. Despite this increase in longevity for men and women, men still have significantly shorter life expectancy of approximately 5 y. To further reduce and prevent debilitating disease and disability in elderly men, a question is whether any type of interventions, such as hormone replacement therapy, may play a role in improving the quality of life as proven in post-menopausal women. Men experience age-related decline of capability physically and mentally. Various symptoms, such as nervousness, depression, impaired memory, inability to concentrate, easy fatigability, insomnia, hot flushes, periodic sweating, reduction of muscle mass and power, bone ache, and sexual dysfunction, are related to this change. The fact that a number of age-related changes resemble features of various hormonal deficiency has led to worldwide interest in the use of various hormonal preparations in an effort to prevent the aging process in elderly men. Even though there have been opinions against hormonal supplementation in the aging male, preliminary studies defining the risk/benefit ratio of androgen supplementation appear to be encouraging. To understand testosterone supplementation in the aging male, this review will discuss the following important topics: physiology of male hormonal balance, changes in reproductive organs in elderly men, endocrine evaluation of the male, pharmacological effects of testosterone on target organs, available preparations for testosterone, and testosterone supplementation.
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PMID:Testosterone supplementation in the aging male. 1063 67

Spontaneous abortion occurs in about one in five pregnancies, and for many women can lead to significant psychological sequelae. This article reviews the literature on the psychological morbidities after pregnancy loss, their risk factors, differences in partner's reactions, potential screening tools and interventions for physicians. The most common reactions women experienced after pregnancy loss were grief, depression, and anxiety, with rates cited of approximately 40%, 12-50%, and 22-41%, respectively. Risk factors for these reactions include having a past psychiatric history, poor social support, no living children, lack of knowledge about miscarriages, and having no explanation for the event. Women's partners also show grief reactions after pregnancy loss, but they grieve less intensely and for a briefer time than women. Men also tend to talk less about their feelings. Women consistently express a desire to have follow-up appointments after a miscarriage, and have a high (75%) show rate when physicians offer them follow-up appointments. The 30-item General Health Questionnaire has good sensitivity and specificity in detecting psychological morbidity after miscarriage. Based on our review we recommend that ob/gyns offer women a follow-up appointment two to three weeks after miscarriage. By using a screening tool such as the General Health Questionnaire and asking about potential risk factors, ob/gyns should be able to effectively identify and refer high risk women to a psychiatric consultant.
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PMID:Risk factors and interventions for psychological sequelae in women after miscarriage. 1072 74

The primary goal of this study is to examine the association between marijuana use and adult depressive symptomatology. The key independent variables examined are age of marijuana initiation, frequency of current marijuana use, the use of other licit and illicit drugs, and whether marijuana was used to cope with problems. The relationships among these variables are assessed using data from the Young Men and Drugs Survey (n = 1,941), a nationally representative sample of men from the 1944-1954 birth cohort. Results show that early marijuana initiation appears to be weakly associated with increased depression in adulthood. This effect, however, is mediated by educational attainment, employment status, marital status, and other drug use, notably alcohol and tobacco use. Adult frequency of marijuana use is not significantly associated with increased depression in adulthood. Finally, marijuana users who use the drug to cope with problems are more depressed than those who do not use to cope with problems.
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PMID:Marijuana use and depression. 1075 Mar 21

This study explored associations between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), free and total testosterone levels, and HIV illness markers, including viral load, and the behavioral problems of fatigue and depressed mood. Subjects were 169 HIV-positive men evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 months for levels of DHEAS, total and free testosterone, HIV RNA, CD4, HIV symptoms, opportunistic illnesses, fatigue, and depression. Men with AIDS (N = 105), compared with men with less advanced illness, had lower mean levels of DHEAS. Baseline DHEAS was positively correlated with CD4 count, HIV symptom severity, and was inversely correlated with HIV RNA. Baseline DHEAS below the laboratory reference range (96 microg/dl) was associated with history of opportunistic infections and malignancies (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-10.4) and with incidence of these complications or death over 1 year (adjusted OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1-7.2). Initiating protease inhibitor combination therapy was associated with an increase in DHEAS over 6 months. Free testosterone was inversely correlated with HIV RNA, but there were no other significant associations between testosterone and HIV illness markers. No hormone was related to fatigue or depression. This study confirms that low serum DHEAS is associated with HIV illness markers, including viral load, and carries negative prognostic value. Further, protease inhibitor therapy may result in increased circulating DHEAS.
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PMID:Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and testosterone: relation to HIV illness stage and progression over one year. 1084 28


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