Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied a large sample of rigorously diagnosed, generally unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder (n = 179), bipolar affective disorder (n = 102), or schizophrenia (n = 125) to determine if increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein is associated with a particular diagnosis or gender. Men had a higher mean CSF protein level than women across all diagnoses (p < 0.001). There were no differences across diagnosis among the female patients. Men with unipolar depression had a higher mean CSF protein content than other male patients (n = 0.029), but depressed bipolar males had an equivalently elevated mean level. Considered apart from unipolar or bipolar diagnosis, the depressive syndrome was strongly associated with increased CSF protein in men (p = 0.004); again, there was no difference across type of illness (depression versus mania) among women. Elevated CSF protein content seems to be associated with illness syndrome rather than diagnosis, and may represent an important finding among men with depression.
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PMID:Elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein in men with unipolar or bipolar depression. 803 97

A survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of depressive symptomatology among residents of a rural community using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Subjects were 220 men and 319 women aged between 30 and 69 who participated in annual community health examinations. The relation of depressive symptomatology to the results of physical examination, self-rated health status, subjective symptoms and lifestyles were also examined. The results are as follows. 1) Of the subjects, 13.2% of the men and 16.3% of the women had depressive symptomatology (CES-D score > or = 16), with 4.5% of the men and 9.4% of the women having moderate or severe depressive symptomatology (CES-D score > or = 20). Prevalence was higher for younger men and for women in their forties, but these differences were not statistically significant. 2) There was a weak correlation between depressive symptomatology and the results of physical examination. Self-rated health status was more significantly correlated with depressive symptomatology. Self-rated health status and depressive symptomatology each correlated independently with the number of symptoms experienced by the subjects over the past year. The subjective symptoms that were correlated with depressive symptomatology were different from those correlated to self-rated health status. Men and women also had differences in links between depressive symptomatology, self-rated health status and symptoms experienced. 3) Lifestyles of those who had depressive symptomatology were worse than those who did not. But only duration of sleep and food intake had statistically significant relation to depressive symptomatology. Only weak correlations between lifestyles and self-rated health status were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Depression, health status and lifestyles of residents of a rural community]. 804 13

There have been few studies on the psychologic effects and reactions to ostomy creation in persons older than 50 years. Eighty-nine patients with ostomies (42 female, 47 male) were evaluated to see how ostomy creation affected them. Six instruments were used to make these assessments: Surgery Preparedness Inventory, Surgical Adjustment Scale, Social Interaction Inventory, Self-Esteem Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Life Satisfaction Inventory-A. In addition to these six instruments, the participants in the study were asked to state their greatest concern. Older men and women showed similar patterns in surgical preparedness, adjustment to operation, and level of self-esteem. Men reported lower satisfaction with life than did women. Men also had more difficulty in social interactions than did women. Twice as many men as women reported mild to moderate depression. Older women reported poorer health status; if unmarried, they reported less satisfaction with life than younger or married women. More of those reporting good current health reported a positive adjustment to ostomy creation than did those who reported poor health. Those who did not feel hindered by their ostomies reported higher scores on well-being than did those who felt hindered. The more time that has passed after operation, the better patients felt. Four major concerns were reported: (1) concern with being able to care for themselves; (2) leakage from the pouch, odor, and gas noises; (3) other health problems; and (4) recurrence of cancer. Good current health and a sense of well-being are important to positive adjustment after ostomy creation. These areas would be well worth monitoring and should be promoted by the caregivers.
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PMID:The psychologic impact of ostomy surgery on persons 50 years of age and older. 805 69

A predominantly heterosexual sample of 204 college men were asked to report incidents of pressured or forced sexual touch or intercourse since age 16. About 34% indicated they had received coercive sexual contact: 24% from women, 4% from men, and 6% from both sexes. Contact involved only sexual touching for 12% and intercourse for 22%. Sexual contact was pressured in 88% of the 81 reported incidents by tactics of persuasion, intoxication, threat of love withdrawal, and bribery. In 12% of the incidents, sexual contact was forced through physical restraint, physical intimidation, threat of harm, or harm. Contact was initiated by an acquaintance or intimate in 77% of incidents. The negative emotional impact of male contact was rated significantly higher than the impact of female contact. Men with and without coercion experience did not differ, however, for scale scores on sexual esteem, depression, and preoccupation. Interviews with 10 subjects revealed complex reactions to coercive male and female contact, including doubts about one's sexuality, resentment of unexpected or forceful contact, and fear of telling others about the event.
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PMID:Men pressured and forced into sexual experience. 813 54

Prolonged latency in the appearance of REM sleep as a marker of depression has been demonstrated in patients with the sickle-cell disease. To detect the possible existence of depressive disturbances in patients with sickle-cell disease, the Hamilton rating scale for depression (17 items) was used in 30 patients with homozygote sickle-cell disease and 31 carriers of the sickle-cell trait, treated or not with vasodilator drugs. None of the 61 subjects studied presented a score of 18 or more on the Hamilton rating scale, this being the threshold value for confirming the existence of moderate depression. However, analysis of variance showed an increase in mental dullness, agitation and somatization disorder. Dullness was related to the extent of anemia and the number of sickle-cell crises per year. Treatment had an effect on agitation in patients, with pentoxyfylline having a soothing effect unlike cinepazide maleate. Women complained of insomnia in the middle of the night and somatic anxiety and presented higher total scores than men. Men exhibited a higher degree of mental dullness. The findings of this preliminary study indicate that while not associated with frank depression, the sickle-cell gene has psychological repercussions on various depressive parameters and that these patients can benefit from treatment with pentoxyfylline.
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PMID:[Sickle cell disease and depression: preliminary study using the Hamilton rating scale for depression]. 819 26

To isolate determinants of any female preponderance in depressive disorder, we earlier selected a sample of young adults, then similar in terms of several potential social determinants of depression and with equivalent rates of lifetime depression. We now report a 10-year review, which initially suggested a female preponderance in DIS-generated RDC and DSM-III lifetime depressive categories. The presence of sex differences in rates of lifetime depression was influenced by the definition of caseness used and the vantage point from which rates were determined. The longitudinal design and earlier corroborative witness reports established, however, clear evidence of instability in prevalence estimates, together with a sex effect on stability. Men were more likely to 'forget' episodes, while women were more likely to 'remember' episodes that had generally not previously reached 'case' criteria. When correction was made for such artefactual influences, a sex difference in lifetime depression rates was no longer evident. Such findings require review in general community samples, and suggest modifications to 'case' definition in epidemiological enquiries.
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PMID:Sex differences in lifetime depression rates: fact or artefact? 820

This study was aimed at identifying the expressive, movement, and social behaviors associated with anxiety in the syndrome of major depression. The sample consisted of 97 hospitalized male and female depressed patients. Expressive and social behaviors were evaluated prior to treatment in a structured videotaped interview. Anxiety was measured using a multi-vantaged approach including doctor's rating, nurse's rating, patient self-report, and a separate video rating. Results indicate that anxiety was significantly associated with agitation, distressed facial expression, bodily discomfort, and poor social interaction in both sexes. Men and women differed in certain respects: anxiety was highly related to motor retardation in women only, and to hostility in men only. Differences in the pattern of expressive behavior between high and low anxious, depressed patients were clearly significant, and several were large enough to serve as clinical indicators. These findings help to characterize the expressive features of anxiety in the context of severe depression, and add to the growing literature on sex differences in depression.
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PMID:Expressive characteristics of anxiety in depressed men and women. 822 63

Men and women with epilepsy frequently complain of sexual dysfunction. We studied the sexual response in men and women with partial epilepsy of temporal lobe origin (TLE) by measuring genital blood flow (GBF) during sexual arousal. Nine women and eight men with TLE and 12 women and seven men as controls completed inventories for symptoms of depression, sexual experience, and sexual attitude and underwent measurement of digital pulse and GBF during alternating segments of sexually neutral and erotic videotape. Subjective ratings of arousal to the videotape were obtained. We calculated digital pulse and GBF response as the percentage increase in pulse amplitude during the erotic compared with the preceding sexually neutral film. No subject group reported symptoms of significant depression on the inventory. However, men and women with epilepsy had fewer sexual experiences than subjects without epilepsy, and women with epilepsy imagined specific sexual activities to be more anxiety-producing and less arousing than did women without epilepsy. Men and women with TLE had a diminished GBF response. The mean increase in GBF in men with TLE was 184% versus 660% for controls (p = 0.01). Women with TLE had a mean increase of 117% versus 161% for controls (p < 0.01). Digital pulse did not vary across stimulus conditions. Subjective ratings for all groups indicated moderate sexual arousal. We conclude that there is a diminution in one aspect of physiologic sexual arousal in some men and women with TLE.
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PMID:Sexual dysfunction in partial epilepsy: a deficit in physiologic sexual arousal. 830 66

It is suggested that infertility may be distressing because it results in an inability to fulfil traditional roles and thus those individuals who adhere to traditional sex roles may be more distressed by the experience of infertility. In order to examine the relationship between sex role and emotional well-being in infertility patients, 58 women attending a clinic for assisted conception procedures and 31 of their male partners completed questionnaires assessing sex-role type (i.e. masculine, feminine, androgynous or undifferentiated) and emotional, marital and sexual functioning. Women with a traditional feminine sex-role type were more anxious than those with a masculine sex-role type but there were no differences in depression or marital or sexual functioning. Men with an undifferentiated sex-role type were more anxious and depressed than those with other sex-role types. The findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between sex role and infertility, previous research into sex differences in distress amongst infertility patients, and the problems associated with measuring distress.
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PMID:The relationship between sex role and emotional functioning in patients undergoing assisted conception. 835 21

Sociodemographic characteristics, patterns and effects of alcohol abuse, and psychiatric morbidity were compared in 121 men and 121 women using structured interviews, and diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-III and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were applied. Women were more likely to be binge drinkers, to have premorbid anxiety, and to be diagnosed with primary depression. Men cited social reasons for drinking, whereas women were more likely to drink to alleviate anxiety. Women also were more likely to have a family history of psychiatric disorder and/or alcohol misuse. More women were drinking at home alone than men, but almost as many were drinking openly with their spouses or friends.
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PMID:Gender differences in psychiatric morbidity among alcohol misusers. 848 86


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