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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To examine gender differences in alcohol consumption as a function of mood and expectancies, 32 nondepressed and 32 moderately depressed male and female social drinkers were compared during a 15-minute taste-rating session. Results indicated that depressed subjects tended to consume more alcohol than nondepressed subjects and men consumed more alcohol than women. Depressed men drank more and drank more per sip than all other subjects. Three depressed men consumed more than all other subjects. Depression and anxiety decreased over time for all subjects. However, a Sex x Depression x Time interaction showed that only depressed men and nondepressed women were substantially less depressed after drinking. The nondepressed women, compared to the depressed men, consumed less alcohol and reported a greater increase in positive mood. Men expected more global positive effects from drinking than women, suggesting the tension reduction hypothesis (TRH) is mediated by gender-specific expectancies.
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PMID:Gender differences in using alcohol to cope with depression. 177 47

The prevalence of depressive symptoms and its association with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes was examined in a population-based study of 1586 men and women aged 50 years or older. Men and women with previously diagnosed diabetes had significantly higher mean Beck Depression Inventory total, somatic subscale, and affective subscale scores than normal men and women and individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes. The age- and sex-adjusted rates of Inventory scores of 13 or greater among individuals with previously diagnosed diabetes was 3.7 times greater than the rates among individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes (p less than 0.05). Medication use and fasting plasma glucose were unrelated to symptom score. The number of other chronic conditions and age were significant independent predictors of depressive symptoms in all diabetic men and women. Results suggest that depressive symptoms in individuals with Type 2 diabetes may be related to awareness of diabetic condition in addition to poor health.
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PMID:Type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms in older adults: a population-based study. 183 52

The rate of disease progression was assessed for 42 persons affected by Huntington's disease who had been neurologically examined at least six times and followed up for at least 3 years. Disease progression was assessed by a disability rating scale administered at each examination. Slow progression was associated with older age at onset of disease and with heavier weight (body mass index) at the first examination. Men tended to have a slower disease progression than did women, and this was particularly evident among men inheriting Huntington's disease from affected mothers. Neither the butyrophenone haloperidol nor the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine were related to rate of progression. Assessments of depression, hostility, and tobacco use were also unrelated to rate of progression. Clinical trials in Huntington's disease should consider these factors when designing therapeutic studies.
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PMID:Factors associated with slow progression in Huntington's disease. 153 11

The accuracy of physicians' perceptions of their patients' emotional state and health attitudes was examined in a diabetes outpatient clinic by comparing patients' ratings of anxiety, depression and health locus of control with physicians' ratings. In 234 patients, doctors' and patients' ratings correlated significantly for depression and anxiety. The physicians rated patients with a strong belief in control of health by others as most dependent on doctors. Men but not women with external locus of control were also rated as very dependent on doctors. Anxious or depressed patients were rated by their doctors as less able to cope with diabetes. The results indicate that non-psychiatric physicians are able to assess their patients' emotions and health attitudes with greater accuracy than is usually assumed.
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PMID:Diabetologists' assessments of their outpatients' emotional state and health beliefs: accuracy and possible sources of bias. 189 64

A pilot investigation is reported on the problems and coping strategies of 20 married men and 11 married women with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their able-bodied spouses. All injured subjects experienced severe head injury at least one and a half years earlier. A structured, small-group discussion process was used to elicit a prioritized list of problems and a similar list of coping strategies. Individuals with TBI and their spouses identified problems in living as most important; loss of employment and restrictions on autonomy were reported as the most problematic. Men with TBI placed priority on controlling their anger, whereas, women with TBI were concerned with their mood disorders, particularly depression. Women with TBI and able-bodied wives of men with TBI placed high priority on the use of support groups as a coping strategy. Men placed higher priority on individualistic approaches to adjustment, such as suppression of feelings. A number of testable hypotheses resulted from the pilot study.
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PMID:Problems and coping strategies of individuals with traumatic brain injury and their spouses. 205 16

Plasma levels of total 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were measured in a group of 104 hospitalized depressed patients and a group of 104 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Plasma MHPG levels were found to be normally distributed in both groups and significantly lower in depressives than in controls. However, this difference could be related to an increase in plasma MHPG levels with age found in controls (r = 0.601, d.f. = 102, p less than 0.01) but not in depressives (r = 0.013, d.f. = 102, NS). Men had significantly higher levels than women in both groups. There was no significant difference in plasma MHPG levels among any DSM-III-R diagnostic subgroups of depressives or between patients who were suppressors on the dexamethasone suppression test and those who were nonsuppressors. Significant correlations were found between AMDP Depression Rating Scale item and total scores and levels of plasma MHPG. Age, sex and clinical symptoms appeared to be main sources of variance in studying depressed patients and comparing them with normal controls.
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PMID:Plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in depressed patients compared with normal controls. 228 Aug 27

This study focused on the effects of hospital supervision and type of prescribed home exercise in cardiac rehabilitation programs on aerobic fitness, anxiety, and depression. Men who had a myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to four exercise programs: The first program consisted of purely hospital-based exercise. The second and third programs combined hospital and home exercise, including either bicycling or walking at home. In the fourth program, patients were encouraged to exercise at home, but were given no specific guidance. Fifty-two patients finished the eight-week exercise program and 35 completed the psychologic questionnaires. At the end of the eight weeks, there were significant differences in the programs' effects on aerobic fitness. Purely hospital-supervised exercise and the combination of hospital-supervised bicycling with home walking increased aerobic fitness more than completely unsupervised exercise. Furthermore, there were differences in the programs' effects on manifest anxiety. The combination of home and hospital bicycling was less beneficial than home walking and hospital bicycling or even completely unsupervised exercise at home. The results indicate that the degree of hospital supervision and the type of prescribed home exercise are important design features which may affect the success of cardiac rehabilitation exercise programs. No effects of the different exercise programs on patients' depression could be found. In general, a close relationship between aerobic fitness and anxiety or depression could not be demonstrated. Implications of these findings for the design of cardiac rehabilitation exercise programs are discussed.
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PMID:Hospital supervised vs home exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: effects on aerobic fitness, anxiety, and depression. 232 85

We examined psychiatric correlates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a major risk group for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, men with hemophilia. A central goal was to identify psychosocial factors associated with increased vulnerability to psychiatric distress after infection with HIV. Seventy-five hemophiliacs, 31 of whom were HIV seropositive (HIV+), were studied. The HIV+ men had elevated depression, anxiety, and anger-hostility symptom scores relative to those of men who were seronegative for HIV. There were no additional symptom differences among men according to infection stage or clinical severity of hemophilia. Men with any of eight psychosocial characteristics were particularly susceptible to effects of infection on mental health: a personal history of psychiatric distress before HIV diagnosis; familial psychiatric history; a high school education or less; low social support from one's wife; low family support; low friend support; a poor sense of mastery over one's life; and experiencing recent life events involving loss. The HIV+ men with one or more such characteristics were highly symptomatic; remaining HIV+ men had significantly lower symptom levels, similar to the low levels noted in the men seronegative for HIV. The findings provide initial empiric support for the notion that clinical services to alleviate emotional distress should be targeted to intervene on HIV+ persons' psychosocial assets and liabilities.
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PMID:Infection with human immunodeficiency virus and vulnerability to psychiatric distress. A study of men with hemophilia. 237 44

The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has published exercise guidelines identifying individuals who should have an exercise test prior to clearance for exercise participation and whether a physician should supervise the test. These age and health status criteria (apparently healthy, higher risk, and diseased) were developed using clinical judgement and opinion rather than empirical data. Thus, there is a need to validate the recommendations with actual data. We studied the results of 24,332 maximal treadmill tests in men (n = 18,076) and women (n = 5,626) as they associated with age and baseline health status. Commonly accepted criteria for abnormal exercise tests were used (i.e., 1 mm ST segment depression at 0.08 s, systolic blood pressure drop with exercise, complex ventricular ectopy, etc.). There were 895 and 183 abnormal exercise tests in men and women, respectively. Men and women who were apparently healthy had lower abnormality rates per 1,000 tests than those considered to be at higher risk for coronary heart disease and those who had preexisting disease. Further, when those who were at higher risk were considered, those men with only one risk factor had significantly lower abnormality rates than did men with more than one risk factor (95% confidence intervals (CI) per 1,000 tests: 1 risk factor = 36.1-46.4; greater than 1 risk factor = 47.5-62.5). Abnormality rates in women with 1 risk factor were also lower than those in their peers with greater than 1 risk factor, but not statistically so (95% CI per 1,000 tests: 1 risk factor = 24.9-43.0; greater than 1 risk factor = 25.3-54.4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An empirical evaluation of the ACSM guidelines for exercise testing. 240 17

Ninety-three men and women with histories of polio were administered the Symptom Check List-90 Revised (SCL-90R), Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-Self Report (PAIS-SR), and a questionnaire about their polio histories. The SCL-90R and PAIS-SR are measures of emotional and psychosocial functioning. Two samples were used: a clinic sample (n = 71) and a postpolio support group sample (n = 22). Initial results for both on the SCL-90R and PAIS-SR indicated elevated scores on a number of subscales. SCL-90R subscale elevated scores for men included those for somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, and phobia, whereas for women there were elevations on measures of somatization, depression, anxiety, and psychoticism. Elevations were found in the following subscales on the PAIS-SR (pooling men and women): health care orientation, social environment, and extended family relationships. Men scored slightly, but not significantly, higher than women in the SCL-90R except for the hostility subscale, in which the difference was significant (p less than 0.05). Symptom profiles indicated psychologic distress. Comparisons with variables associated with polio and its late effects (such as severity of initial polio, use of an iron lung during initial illness, number of involved limbs, etc) were not statistically significant.
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PMID:Psychologic characteristics of polio survivors: a preliminary report. 273 Mar 10


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