Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

15 patients with formerly endogenous recurrent depression or manic-depressive illness free of psychotic symptoms, who are under lithium prophylaxis about 3,9 years, and 16 healthy controls with approximately the same age and sex were tested with 0,1 U Insulin/kg, 200 micrograms TRH and 50 micrograms LHRH for their hGH-, TSH-, hPRL-, FSH-, LH-and Cortisol levels about 2 hours. hPRL, FSH and LH did not show any change under lithium salts. All patients under lithium showed elevated TSH-levels under basal conditions and after stimulation compared with the control groups. For the young women before menopause the difference was highly significant. Men and praemenopausal women had significantly higher hGH-levels after stimulation under lithium than the normal controls. However postmenopausal women did not show this lithium effect on their hGH levels.
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PMID:[Neuroendocrinological changes under longterm therapy with lithium salts (author's transl)]. 11 22

A follow-up study of 1,402 patients with a positive maximal treadmill stress test was made to evaluate the significance of angina during the test. Life tables were constructed and evaluated for significance of age, sex and work load at onset of angina. Coronary events (myocardial infarction, progression of angina and coronary death) were twice as frequent in subjects with angina and S-T segment depression as in those without angina. The increased incidence in 4 years held for all coronary events and was still doubled at 7 years for progression of angina and coronary death. The incidence of coronary events was more than twice as great when the angina was induced by a light work load (4 metabolic equivalents = METS) as when it was induced by a heavy work load (8 to 9 METS). Men aged 41 to 50 years having angina during exercise testing had a 3-fold greater incidence of coronary events and a 4-fold greater incidence of myocardial infarction compared with their counterparts who had S-T segment depression alone. In this study, angina during exercise testing identified 85% of true positive tests for coronary artery disease, whereas S-T depression alone identified only 64% of such tests. Thus, angina during exercise testing increases the sensitivity of the test and identifies cohorts of subjects at high risk for subsequent coronary events.
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PMID:Significance of chest pain during treadmill exercise: correlation with coronary events. 62 16

Prior to undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography, 94 men responded to tests for the coronary-prone behavior pattern, anxiety, depression, and neuroticism. Independently, cardiologists rated cineangiograms by the percent of atheromatous luminal obstruction in four major coronary arteries. The patients with greater atheromatous obstruction scored significantly higher than those with lesser disease on all four scales of the test for the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. Those with more seriously diseased vessels also scored significantly higher on anxiety and depression scales but significantly lower on a denial scale. Men rated as having more frequent and intense angina pain scored significantly higher on hypochondriasis, depression, and admission of symptoms than men less subject to ischemic pain. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed that the findings regarding extent of atherosclerosis are independent of anginal pain or congestive heart failure.
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PMID:Psychological correlates of coronary angiographic findings. 98 97

This retrospective evaluation involved 197 patients from independent clinical investigations of four antidepressant medications. Six variables were analyzed for their discriminative utility in predicting placebo response rates: gender; marital status; age; education; duration of illness; and severity of depressive symptomatology, as measured by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D or HDRS) scores. Men were slightly more responsive to placebo than were women (29.8%, n = 94 vs. 24.3%, n = 103). Married patients demonstrated the highest probability of a positive placebo response (38.15%, n = 76), as compared with widowed/separated/divorced (21.9%, n = 73) or single (16.7%, n = 48) patients. A trend toward an increased probability of placebo response was detected for patients aged 60 and above (35.7%, n = 14). Educational level achieved and duration of illness were not predictive. Severity of illness proved most noteworthy, with the placebo response rate higher in the more mild patients (40.8%, n = 27 vs. 23.4%, n = 77).
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PMID:Predictors of placebo response: a retrospective analysis. 151 18

Ninety two major depressed outpatients were rated with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) in Cotonou, in Benin (West-Africa). Patients satisfied modified DSM III major depression criteria and were French-speaking. Men, civil servants, and city dwellers were over-represented in the population sample. The examination of item frequency yielded rather 'western-like' clinical features of depression: with differences described previously: a lower frequency of suicidal thoughts and guilt feelings, a higher frequency of somatic complaints and ideas of persecution. Principal component analysis reinforced 'western-like' aspects. The relationship between the so-called 'western culture-bound symptoms' and the so-called 'African ones' is discussed.
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PMID:Depression in Benin: an assessment using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and the principal component analysis. 152 72

This study examined the impact of social support and HIV-related conditions on depression among 508 gay men participating in the San Francisco Men's Health Study, a population-based prospective study of single men aged 25-54 years. The number of HIV-related symptoms experienced significantly predicted depression cross-sectionally and 1 year later. Satisfaction with each of three types of social support (emotional, practical, informational) was inversely correlated with depression. Men who were more satisfied with the social support they received were less likely to show increased depression 1 year later. Degree of satisfaction with informational support appeared especially critical in buffering the stress associated with experiencing HIV symptoms. These findings offer valuable insight in understanding the psychological needs of gay men confronting the AIDS crisis and have important practical implications for designing mental health services to meet those needs.
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PMID:Social support, AIDS-related symptoms, and depression among gay men. 161

Twenty-seven men, between 35 and 49 years of age, were asked via a questionnaire for information about their life circumstances (housing and working conditions, economic situation), actual symptoms, perceived health and health-related behaviour 5 years after they had divorced. The information was compared to corresponding data from an earlier study carried out within 7 months after the legal divorce. Housing conditions and personal economy had improved and working conditions were still satisfactory. Perceptions of health were more positive and in particular earlier, frequently recorded psychological symptoms (uneasiness, anxiety, depression) had diminished. Alcohol and smoking habits remained unchanged and common, especially among manual workers with more than one divorce. Men living in a stable relationship with a new partner or who had custody of children had fewer social and medical problems than men living alone. These findings support the connection between social support and health.
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PMID:Life after divorce--a five-year follow-up study of divorced middle-aged men in Sweden. 163 28

It has been recently shown that severe depression is characterized by immune dysfunctions such as blunted mitogen-induced blast transformation, which is linked to interleukin-2 (IL-2) mechanisms, and to autoimmune responses. In order to explore one of the putative pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both factors, we have measured the predexamethasone and postdexamethasone serum dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity in depressed inpatients and normal controls. This enzyme is an important mediator of IL-2-related blast proliferation, and it may play a role in autoimmunity. We found significantly lower DPP IV levels in major depressives as compared with healthy controls, and melancholics exhibited significantly lower enzyme activity than minor depressives. There was a significant negative correlation between serum DPP IV activity and the severity of illness. However, we were unable to detect any significant relationships between DPP IV on the one hand, and mitogen-induced blast transformation, soluble IL-2 receptor accumulation in PHA culture supernatant, total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD25+ cells, on the other. Men exhibited significantly higher serum DPP IV levels than women.
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PMID:Decreased serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in major depression. 168 47

The effects of intrathecal administration of neurokinin A, substance P and [Tyr5, D-Trp6,8,9 Arg10]neurokinin A-(4-10) (Men 10207), a specific NK-2 receptor antagonist, on the spinal nociceptive flexor reflex were studied in decerebrate, spinalized, unanesthetized rats. Intrathecal neurokinin A and substance P facilitate the flexor reflex in a similar manner. The reflex facilitation to intrathecal neurokinin A, but not substance P, is dose-dependently blocked by pretreatment with Men 10207. The NK-2 receptor antagonist by itself facilitates the flexor reflex with a potency about 10 times less than that of neurokinin A, indicating a partial agonistic property. Reversible depression of the flexor reflex, which is not due to nonspecific spinal blockade, is observed after 700 pmol Men 10207. Further increasing the dose of Men 10207 to 7 nmol for 20 s at an intensity that activates unmyelinated (C) fibers stimulation of peripheral nerves at 1 Hz for 20 s at an intensity that activates unmyelinated (C) fibers facilitates the ipsilateral flexor reflex. The duration of the facilitation after conditioning stimulation of the cutaneous sural nerve is several minutes and about 1 h after conditioning stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle nerves. Pretreatment with Men 10207 (70-700 pmol) has no effect on facilitation by the sural nerve conditioning stimulation, but effectively blocks the long-term reflex facilitation to the gastrocnemius nerve stimulation. The present results indicate a distinct role for NK-2 tachykinin receptors in mediation of spinal reflex excitability in the rat. Neurokinin A may be involved in the long-term increase of spinal reflex excitability after activation of unmyelinated fibers innervating muscle.
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PMID:On the role of NK-2 tachykinin receptors in the mediation of spinal reflex excitability in the rat. 171 50

A cross-sectional study of insomnia and hypnotic use was performed in a sample of the French population. The quota method was used to select the sample of 1,003 subjects, with less than 3% substitution. Subjects were 15 years old and older and were representative of the French population based on gender, age, marital status and living environment. Subjects were asked questions relevant to the complaint of insomnia and hypnotic use and filled out questionnaires measuring anxiety and depression. The complaint of insomnia is common, even in the 15-24-year-old group. Overall, more women than men were afflicted. The largest group of insomniac subjects, and the group who most often used hypnotics "frequently and chronically", were women 45 years and older. Men presented a sharp increase in hypnotic use after 65 years of age. Ten percent of the entire sample used hypnotics, 8% for more than 6 months and 6.17% on a chronic and frequent basis. Retired and unemployed elderly were also chronic and frequent hypnotic users: aging and social isolation correlate with chronic and frequent hypnotic usage. Higher scores on anxiety and depression scales correlate with more frequent complaints of nocturnal sleep disturbances. Young individuals are a significant complainer group but use hypnotics rarely. A rural environment was associated, overall, with fewer insomnia complaints, but environment had much less impact on complaints and hypnotic use in the elderly than in other age groups. One may question whether, in the French population, hypnotic prescription and intake are not responses to a social rather than a medical problem.
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PMID:Insomnia and use of hypnotics: study of a French population. 175 90


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