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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of a single immunization of melanoma patients with BCG or C. parvum on the blood counts, serum immunoglobulin levels and lymphoid subpopulations were followed by multiple assays over 28 days. C. parvum produced a decrease in the white cell count, lymphocyte count and lymphoid T and sIg+ cell numbers, which recovered within 1 week; BCG did not produce such a marked depression. Both agents were associated with increases in T cell numbers and lymphocyte PHA blastogenesis after the first week; these declined to pre-immunization values by 3-4 weeks. The sIg-bearing cell subpopulation also increased after BCG. Different methods of expression the results were compared and the difficulties of immunological monitoring are discussed.
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PMID:Effects of Corynebacterium parvum and BCG therapy on immune parameters in patients with disseminated melanoma a sequential study over 28 days. I. Changes in blood counts, serum immunoglobulins and lymphoid cell populations. 42 46

Information has been collected on 10 patients, 9 with marrow depression and 1 in whom the diagnosis was presumed. Six of the 10 patients died. The sequentially recorded blood counts on at least 5 of the patients showed a downward trend of the white cell and platelet counts while D-penicillamine was still being administered. One patient suddenly developed leucopenia and thrombocytopenia with a streptococcal septicaemia.
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PMID:Myelotoxicity of D-penicillamine. 48 80

42 horses were examined. The physical signs with relation to circulatory insufficiency and the abdominal disease were registered following a two-phased examination procedure. Great prognostic value was found in the degree of circulatory insufficiency judged by pulse rate and character, filling of the jugular vein, skin temperature, colour of mucous membranes, capillary refill time, sweating, depression, skin turgor and degree of enophthalmus. In making a causal diagnosis the abdomen was examined for shape, tenderness, peristaltic sounds, gastric dilation by siphoning, abnormal rectal findings and macroscopic changes in peritoneal fluid. Greatest diagnostic difficulties were encountered in cases of intestinal atonia, acute enteritis and torsion of the colon. In selected (severe) cases laboratory tests were obtained. Blood samples were examined for packed cell volume, hemoglobin, red and white blood cell counts, differential white blood cell count, blood gases and acid-base status, lactate, serum total protein and albumin, plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, glucose, creatinine, BUN, total bilirubin, ASAT, CK, BASP and GGT. Peritoneal fluid was examined for red blood and white cell counts, total protein, specific gravity, pH and lactate, and enzymes as in blood. Laboratory results generally confirmed the clinical signs of shock, and packed cell volume and blood lactate were regarded to be of greatest prognostic interest. Although the performed laboratory information, macroscopic evaluation was thought to reveal sufficient information in most cases. It was concluded that supervening shock is of decisive importance in severe forms of colic, and that a careful and repeated evaluation of the circulatory insufficiency often provides one with a tentative prognosis although the final diagnosis is not obtained. In spite of therapy fatal outcome was found in all seriously shocked horses.
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PMID:Colic in the horse. A clinical and clinical chemical study of 42 cases. 52 9

Four groups of 4 domestic pigs were exposed to 0, 20, 100, and 500 ppm benzene vapor 6 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 3 wk. Two groups of 10 rats were exposed to 0 and 500 ppm: the exposed rats for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 3 wk, the nonexposed rats for 6 h/d, 5 d. Rats were killed within 72 h after exposure; values for pigs were obtained shortly after exposure and on final examination at 4-16 wk after exposure. Pigs were evaluated for changes in white and red blood cell counts, hemoglobin level, lymphocyte count, proportion of E-rosette-forming lymphocytes, myeloid-erythroid ratio, and presence of multinucleate erythroblasts. With the exception of the E-rosette test, the same parameters were measured in the rat. Statistically significant (p less than 0.05) depression of white cell counts, total lymphocytes, and proportion of E-rosette-forming lymphocytes was observed in pigs exposed to 500 ppm; recovery to values not significantly different from control values was observed on final examination. Fewer postexposure effects were seen at 100 ppm, and there were no significant differences from control values at 20 ppm. Both pigs and rats exposed to 500 ppm showed a significant decrease in the mean myeloid-erythroid ratio within 72 h. These values returned to normal in the pig 4-16 wk after exposure; recovery in the rat was not evaluated. An increased number of bone marrow erythroblasts with more than 2 nuclei was found on final examination of pigs exposed to 500 and 100 ppm, but the difference was significant only at the 100-ppm level because of the variability at the higher level. A significant increase (p less than 0.004) in multinucleate cells was seen in the rats exposed to 500 ppm.
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PMID:Hematologic and myelogenous effects of inhaled benzene in the pig and the rat. 52 38

Stress or injury-induced phenomena, such as impaired wound healing and immune depression, may be related to impaired function of certain leukocyte populations. Since vitamin A prevents some aspects of stress, we studied its effect on various white cell populations in normal and injured rats. Supplemental vitamin A (150,000 IU/kg chow) to normal rats resulted in marked increases in thymic weight and lymphocytes without any effct on adrenal weight. The basal chow contains 13,700 IU vitamin A per kg. In rats subjected to moderately severe injury (dorsal wounding or unilateral femoral fracture), supplemental vitamin A greatly diminished the thymic involution observed in chow-fed controls and delayed or minimized the accompanying adrenal hypertrophy. In uninjured rats, supplemental vitamin A induced in three to four days a temporary circulatory leukocytosis characterized by lymhocytosis, monocytosis, and a relative neutropenia. These changes in the blood picture persisted one day after femoral fracture. On the second and third day postfracture the lymphocyte and neutrophil values returned to normal while the monocytosis persisted. Polyvinyl alcohol sponges implanted next to the fracture site demonstrated that supplemental vitamin A consistently increased the number of white blood cells migrating into the wound area and showed significantly larger numbers of monocytes/macrophages. These data suggest that vitamin A influences the numbers and nature of white cells involved in immune, inflammatory, and wound healing processes. In addition to the known antiglucocorticoid activity of vitamin A, these effects may represent a direct beneficial action of dietary vitamin A supplements for stressed and injured animals.
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PMID:White cell involvement in the inflammatory, wound healing, and immune actions of vitamin A. 57 9

The toxicity of Melphalan to murine bone marrow was assessed by automated Coulter counts of femoral marrow nucleated cells. A significant dose-response slope (p less than 0.001) was shown and also a significant variation along the 24 h scale. With food available ad libitum and light from 06.00 to 18.00 hours, the minimum marrow depression occurred around 16.00 hours. Extrapolating these findings to human chemotherapy it would appear that prescription of the drug during the early part of the activity span (usually breakfast) will minimize marrow depression. This differs from a human study in which Melphalan was given at 'bedtime' as an adjuvant to mastectomy in breast carcinoma and in which there was leucopenia at some stage of treatment in all 103 patients. It is recommended that in future cancer therapy protocols test for circadian variability of white cell depression by varying treatment times systematically along the 24 h scale.
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PMID:A circadian variation of melphalan (L-phenylalanine nitrogen mustard) toxicity to murine bone marrow: relevance to cancer treatment protocols. 87 8

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is commonly used in leukapheresis and infused as an alternative to blood components for the treatment of hypotension due to hemorrhage and trauma. Its prolonged intravascular persistence and retention in tissue raise concerns about possible effects on humoral and cell-mediated immunity and white cell (WBC) locomotion, particularly in volunteer WBC donors or in severely burned individuals with immunologic depression and increased risk for infection. This study evaluated the effect of HES on human monocyte migration and chemotaxis and the production of antigen- and mitogen-induced WBC-derived chemotactic cytokine. A bioassay was developed to quantitate the neutrophil chemotactic activity of a cytokine generated by mononuclear WBCs stimulated in vitro by phytohemagglutinin or tuberculin protein. The time- and dose-dependent generation of the chemotactic cytokine was not affected by the presence of HES. HES by itself did not induce the generation of this cytokine, nor were human monocyte chemotaxis and spontaneous migration significantly changed by exposure to HES. These results, with those of other investigators, suggest that HES is a safe red cell-sedimenting agent for leukapheresis and an alternative to the use of blood components in shock resuscitation.
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PMID:Monocyte chemotaxis and chemotactic cytokine release after exposure to hydroxyethyl starch. 128 43

The effects of once- and twice-daily dosing with lithium carbonate were compared in a non-blind, cross-over study on 20 consecutive patients with mood disorders. Mental status, side effects and target organ function were examined after a minimum of a 1-month treatment with each regimen. Eighteen patients completed the study and 2 withdrew because of side effects. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale, the UKU Side Effects Scale or in serum lithium, electrocardiogram and urine volumes. Most blood tests showed no significant difference between the 2 treatment schedules except for white blood cells, ionized calcium and phosphate concentration. The once-daily regimen was associated with a higher white cell count, increased serum phosphate and elevated serum ionized calcium. We conclude that patients are able to tolerate once-daily dosing with lithium carbonate as well as twice-daily dosing.
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PMID:Lithium treatment: a comparison of once- and twice-daily dosing. 154 52

Hematopoietic depression and subsequent susceptibility to potentially lethal opportunistic infections are well-documented phenomena following radiotherapy. Methods to therapeutically mitigate radiation-induced myelosuppression could offer great clinical value. In vivo studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulates pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (CFU-s), granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell (GM-CFC), and erythroid progenitor cell (CFU-e) proliferation in normal mice. Based on these results, the ability of IL-6 to stimulate hematopoietic regeneration following radiation-induced hematopoietic injury was also evaluated. C3H/HeN female mice were exposed to 6.5 Gy 60Co radiation and subcutaneously administered either saline or IL-6 (1,000 micrograms/kg) on days 1 through 3 or 1 through 6 postexposure. On days 7, 10, 14, 17, and 22, femoral and splenic CFU-s, GM-CFC, and CFU-e contents and peripheral blood white cell, red cell, and platelet counts were determined. Compared with saline treatment, both 3-day and 6-day IL-6 treatments accelerated hematopoietic recovery; 6-day treatment produced the greater effects. For example, compared with normal control values (N), femoral and splenic CFU-s numbers in IL-6-treated mice 17 days postirradiation were 27% N and 136% N versus 2% N and 10% N in saline-treated mice. At the same time, bone marrow and splenic GM-CFC values were 58% N and 473% N versus 6% N and 196% N in saline-treated mice; bone marrow and splenic CFU-e numbers were 91% N and 250% N versus 31% N and 130% N in saline-treated mice; and peripheral blood white cell, red cell, and platelet values were 210% N, 60% N, and 24% N versus 18% N, 39% N, and 7% N in saline-treated mice. These studies demonstrate that therapeutically administered IL-6 can effectively accelerate multilineage hematopoietic recovery following radiation-induced hematopoietic injury.
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PMID:Administration of interleukin-6 stimulates multilineage hematopoiesis and accelerates recovery from radiation-induced hematopoietic depression. 199 Nov 64

The efficacy of thioguanine in the treatment of severe cases of psoriasis is demonstrated. This treatment is valuable in selected cases of severe psoriasis in whom other treatment is ineffective or impossible due to side effects. The effect of thioguanine on psoriasis lesions appears to run parallel with depression of the bone marrow. The bone marrow toxicity has to be considered. Patients previously treated with methotrexate are very sensitive to thioguanine and close follow up is mandatory with adjustment of the thioguanine dose according to blood white cell and thrombocyte levels.
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PMID:Thioguanine treatment in psoriasis. 243 24


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