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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Depression in married individuals can be seen as the result of a self-perpetuating interpersonal system in which the information processes between marital partners is distorted. In order to study this theoretical formulation, we used a category system to analyze verbal interactions in distressed couples with or without a depressed partner. Our results show that communication in depressed couples is more uneven, negative, asymmetrical and centred on somatic and psychological complaints. The non-depressed partners in these couples perceived themselves as positive, but evaluated their depressed partners negatively. In the non-depressed couples there were no negative asymmetries and their interaction was even, supportive and positive. The results are discussed in an interactional framework based on social learning theory.
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PMID:Distressed couples with and without a depressed partner: an analysis of their verbal interaction. 716 3

Discharges of two asymmetrical penicillin foci progressively synchronized during 25 min after creation of these foci. Section of the corpus callosum seriously impaired but did not completely block this synchronization. Thalamic spreading depression did not significantly change the synchronization in rats with intact corpus callosum. Noncallosal component of synchronization is probably realized through brain stem structures.
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PMID:Synchronization of double asymmetrical epileptogenic foci in the cerebral cortex of the rat. 716 82

An elderly patient with demonstrated asymmetrical intraventricular septal hypertrophy and ventriculo-aortic pressure gradient was anaesthetized with nitrous oxide with oxygen, narcotic, and muscle relaxant for abdominal surgery. In addition to the cardiovascular variables customarily monitored, a systolic time interval (STI) measured from the Q wave of the ECG to the foot of the radial pulse (the QF interval) was calculated in milliseconds beat-to-beat by a computer. With anaesthesia, and particularly following the beginning of operation, the QF interval lengthened as an indication of either decreased cardiac inotropy or increased pressure gradient across the aortic outflow tract. When halothane 0.25 per cent was added to the anaesthetic mixture, the QF interval shortened by about 20 milliseconds without an observed change in direct arterial pressure. Since halothane is a cardiac depressant and normally lengthens the STI, it apparently relaxed the muscular stenosis of the ventricular outflow tract and reduced the pressure gradient and, subsequently, the QF interval. By measuring cardiovascular function with this STI, the beneficial action of cardiac depression from low-dose halothane was observed, which would have escaped detection by common monitoring indices.
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PMID:The use of halothane in a patient with asymmetrical septal hypertrophy: a case report. 719 62

Evidence from psychiatric patients has suggested that depressive affect may coincide with a decrement in the functioning of the right cerebral hemisphere. We have observed that college students who reported greater depression also reported less vivid imagery. Students undergoing experimental induction of depressive and euphoric moods in the laboratory showed an auditory attentional bias and impaired imagery during the depression condition, while their arithmetic task performance was unchanged. A second mood-induction experiment indicated a depressed mood to be characterized by asymmetrical EEG activation over the frontal lobes, with relatively greater activity in the right frontal region. These observations suggest that anterior regions of the brain may modulate the differential effects of emotional arousal on the information-processing capacities of the cerebral hemispheres.
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PMID:Right frontal lobe activation and right hemisphere performance. Decrement during a depressed mood. 721 43

It is generally assumed that noises have a detrimental effect when the cochlear receptor is overloaded and, more specifically, when the cochlear microphonic (CM) fails to increase linearly with intensity. In order to investigate further the relations between the nonlinearity of CM and damage to the cochlea, a series of experiments was carried out on guinea pigs to relate the short-term CM depression following the presentation of noises or tones with the nonlinearity and the assymmetry. The asymmetrical non-linearity of CM was measured in tracing the input-out functions and also the wave-forms. Two other important tests of the asymmetrical nonlinearity were used: the measure of interference and of summating potential (SP DIF). The results show that the fatigability is greater when there is a large negative asymmetry or a large negative SP. Variations in asymmetry and in SP were observed among individuals. Other changes of symmetry were provoked by asphyxia or by introducing solutions of KCl in the perilymph. These changes were well correlated with the fatigability. These results are interpreted in a model of the cochlear transducer derived from the model of Davis. The assymetry of a flux of potassium ions between endolymph and the hair cells is assumed to be responsible for the alterations associated with cochlear fatigue and trauma.
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PMID:Relations between cochlear fatigue and the asymmetrical nonlinearity of the cochlear microphonics. 736 35

Umbilical loss is not an uncommon problem following primary abdominoplasty done by an improperly trained surgeon who either sacrificed the umbilicus or lost it through postoperative complications. Deep psychological trauma with mental depression is often the result of such an amputation and is also the main concern of the patient seeking help. There are usually other secondary sequelae, such as residual cutaneous and musculoaponeurotic flaccidity, asymmetrical scarring with dog-ears at either extremity, and fatty bulges that may not bother the patient. In the past, umbilical reconstruction has been handled as an isolated procedure. We have tried to alleviate this condition along with the other residual deformities by doing complete secondary abdominoplasty. Along with the technical details of umbilical reconstruction, 2 such case reports with preoperative and postoperative results are presented.
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PMID:Umbilical reconstruction with secondary abdominoplasty. 744 81

Sixty thousand electrocardiograms were analyzed for 5 years. Six hundred (1%) revealed early repolarization (ER). Features of ER were compared with race-, age-, and sex-matched controls (93.5% were Caucasians, 77% were males, 78.3% were younger than 50 years, and only 3.5% were older than 70). Those with ER had elevated, concave, ST segments in all electrocardiograms (1-5 mv), which were located most commonly in precordial leads (73%), with reciprocal ST depression (50%) in a VR, and notch and slur on R wave (56%). Other results included sinus bradycardia in 22%, shorter and depressed PR interval in 38%, slightly asymmetrical T waves in 96.7%, and U waves in 50%. Sixty patients exercised normalized ST segment and shortened QT interval (83%). In another 60 patients, serial studies for 10 years showed disappearance of ER in 18%, and was seen intermittently in the rest of the patients. The authors conclude that in these patients with ER: 1) male preponderance was found; 2) incidence in Caucasians was as common as in blacks; 3) patients often were younger than 50 years; 4) sinus bradycardia was the most common arrhythmia; 5) the PR interval was short and depressed; 6) the T wave was slightly asymmetrical; 7) exercise normalized ST segment; 8) incidence and degree of ST elevation reduced as age advanced; 9) possible mechanisms of ER are vagotonia, sympathetic stimulation, early repolarization of sub-epicardium, and difference in monophasic action potential observed on the endocardium and epicardium.
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PMID:Early repolarization on scalar electrocardiogram. 777 99

The prognostic value of early neonatal continuous electroencephalographic recordings in hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy was evaluated. Thirty seven full term infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy were studied. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded using four or eight channel Oxford Medilog recorders and was started as soon as possible after birth. The recordings were initially visually analysed and divided into four categories: three in relation to the grade of discontinuity of the background activity (continuous, discontinuous, and maximum depression) and an additional fourth category to include status epilepticus. The EEGs with discontinuous activity were then analysed by computer to obtain a more objective assessment of discontinuity. The results were related to neurological outcome. Continuous background activity was associated with a normal outcome in all but the three infants who had continuous, but asymmetrical EEGs and who developed contralateral hemiplegia. In the eight infants with discontinuous activity, the outcome appeared to be related to the grade of continuity and the presence of clear convulsions on the EEG. The 10 infants with maximum depression and status epilepticus had severe impairment. These preliminary results suggest that continuous recording of EEGs could be used routinely in term infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Computer analysis can improve the value of this technique, allowing the identification of infants who might benefit from early therapeutic intervention.
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PMID:Prognostic value of continuous electroencephalographic recording in full term infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. 797 86

Benign neonatal familial convulsions comprise a distinct epileptic syndrome with an autosomal mode of transmission. The electroclinical signs of seizures in this syndrome are not yet well defined. In 3 children from two families presenting with benign neonatal familial convulsions, 14 seizures were recorded during electroencephalographic (EEG)-video sessions. All seizures occurred during sleep, after a short arousal reaction. Seizures started with bilateral, symmetrical flattening of the EEG for 5 to 19 seconds; simultaneously there was apnea and tonic motor activity. The EEG flattening was followed by a long (1-2-minute) bilateral discharge of spikes and sharp waves; simultaneously, there were vocalizations, chewing, and focal or generalized clonic activity. The prominence of EEG and motor abnormalities varied between the left and the right from one seizure to the next in any given child. The seizures stopped without EEG or clinical postictal depression. These electroclinical observations suggest that the convulsions of benign neonatal familial convulsions are a form of generalized tonic-clonic seizure whose expression may be asymmetrical, probably because of the immaturity of the corpus callosum or other structures ensuring seizure synchronization.
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PMID:Electroclinical signs of benign neonatal familial convulsions. 825 May 33

Depression is a common psychiatric problem associated with epilepsy. Interictal depressive symptoms are more frequent and severe in epileptic patients than in subjects with comparable chronic neurologic diseases or physical handicaps. Epileptic depression was characterized as major or dysthymic: bipolar depression is rarely described. Several Authors are of opinion that interictal depression is more frequent in epileptics with temporal lobe foci and, in particular, with temporal left hemisphere lesions. The pathogenetic significance of depression in epileptics is unclear. Some suggest the hypothesis that depression represents behavioral effects of neurochemical responses to brain injury for asymmetrical hemispheric distribution of neural substrate for mood. We think that depression in epileptic patients does not represent a psychological reaction to a particular cognitive or physical impairment, but it is in some way related to the type of epilepsy. In addition, some antiepileptic drugs may have psychotropic effects: the most positive findings were associated with carbamazepine.
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PMID:Mood disorders in epilepsy. 845 97


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