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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Suppression of the blastogenic response of spleen cells was found during murine cytomegalovirus infection of the genetically susceptible BALB/c and also the more resistant BALB.K strains of mice. These results were observed for both the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A and the B-cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide. As the viral inoculum was increased, there was greater immunosuppression within each strain, the time of maximum depression coinciding with peak virus titers in the spleen. Although both strains developed similar splenic virus titers and exhibited a similar decrease in the proportion of splenic T-lymphocytes, there was greater suppression of the mitogenic response during sublethal infection of the more susceptible BALB/c strain. The suppression could not be readily accounted for by the presence of suppressor cells or by a change in sensitivity to mitogen. The results suggest that the extent of immunosuppression induced by murine cytomegalovirus is determined in part by host genotype.
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PMID:Effect of murine cytomegalovirus infection on mitogen responses in genetically resistant and susceptible mice. 628 Nov 88

Immunological cell functions were evaluated during 24, 48 and 96 h O2 exposure in C57Bl/6 mice. A normobaric O2 exposure resulted in depression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to oxazolone and Staphylococcus aureus antigens. This effect was proportional to the duration of O2 exposure. The antibody response of splenic cells was more rapidly (24 h O2 exposure) and markedly depressed using a T-dependent antigen (sheep red blood cell, SRBC) than with a T-independent antigen (trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide, TNP-LPS). While mitogen-induced proliferative responses of spleen cells to Con A and PHA were inhibited after 72 h of O2 exposure, proliferative responses to LPS were inhibited after 96 h. A dissociated antigen and mitogen responses was observed after a short time of O2 exposure (48 h): the antigen specific responses were impaired with a more pronounced effect on T lymphocytes, whereas the DNA synthesis in response to mitogen remained normal.
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PMID:Characterization of immunological depression in mice exposed to normobaric oxygen. 636 Apr 40

Infections with the intestinal flagellates Giardia muris and Spironucleus muris are accompanied by a depression in the ability of mice to mount an immune response to a thymus-dependent antigen (sheep red blood cells) but not to a thymus-independent antigen (TNP-lipopolysaccharide). The number of splenic IgM plaque-forming cells and haemagglutination titres, of both IgM and IgG, to sheep red blood cells decreased between days 10 and 21, which correlated with the time of maximal trophozoite levels in the small intestine. The number of background IgM plaque-forming cells to sheep red blood cells or DNP was not significantly different from controls in either infection. No evidence for systemic macrophage activation was associated with these infections. In fact, adherent peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from infected mice were slightly less cytostatic against target tumour cells than adherent PEC from normal mice, at a time when the parasites were being eliminated from the small intestine.
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PMID:Immunodepression in Giardia muris and Spironucleus muris infections in mice. 636 68

Responses to intravenous injections of an endotoxin (E. coli-lipopolysaccharide, 1 microgram/kg b.wt.) and endogenous pyrogen were studied in euhydrated and hyperhydrated goats. The biphasic febrile response to the endotoxin was associated with a pronounced increase in the renal excretion of measured prostaglandin (PG) metabolites (11-ketotetranor PGF metabolites). This increase was time-correlated with the elevation of the rectal temperature, and (in hyperhydrated animals) with an inhibition of the water diuresis and an increase in renal excretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Other effects of the endotoxin were an immediate depression of renal Na and K excretion followed by the development of pronounced natriuresis, and a reduction of plasma Fe and Zn concentrations. The appearance of the febrile reactions (peripheral vasoconstriction and shivering) was accompanied by miosis. The maximum elevation of the rectal temperature was significantly greater during euhydration than during hyperhydration. Also endogenous pyrogen elicited miosis concomitant with febrile reactions, and an elevation of the renal excretion of PG metabolites which was closely correlated in time with the monophasic febrile response, and (during hyperhydration) with temporary inhibition of the water diuresis and an increase in the renal AVP excretion. However, the responses were much weaker than the corresponding endotoxin effects. No appreciable changes in renal excretion of Na and K were observed in response to the endogenous pyrogen. It is concluded that the observed effects on renal cation excretion were manifestations of direct endotoxin influences on kidney function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal excretion of prostaglandin metabolites, arginine vasopressin, and sodium during endotoxin and endogenous pyrogen induced fever in the goat. 638 26

Circulating glucose levels, peripheral glucose utilization, and hepatic gluconeogenesis were compared in late endotoxicosis and severe septic shock in rats. Endotoxin was administered intravenously as 5 mg of Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide B. Sepsis was induced in the peritoneal cavity by use of the cecal ligation and puncture technique. Late endotoxicosis and severe sepsis were comparable in hypoglycemia, increased peripheral glucose use, and depression of gluconeogenesis. Immunoreactive insulin was lower in endotoxicosis than in sepsis; both models demonstrated elevations in serum nonsuppressible insulin-like activity. Endotoxic pancreata secreted excessive insulin, as did pancreata obtained after blockade of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Macrophage-conditioned media induced a hypersecretory state of the beta cells in donor pancreata. The RES serves as a source of secretory products, i.e., gluco-regulatory monokines, which affects insulinization of tissues in sepsis and thus underwrites the hypoglycemia of late endotoxicosis and severe sepsis.
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PMID:Reticuloendothelial system function and glucose-insulin dyshomeostasis in sepsis. 639

Mitogen stimulation of cells from various lymphoid organs of C3H/He mice chronically infected with an isolate of Trypanosoma congolense was studied at different time intervals after infection, using concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At the same time, changes in the percentages of T, B and null lymphocytes in these organs were determined by immunofluorescence staining. The responses of T and B lymphocytes in the spleen were totally depressed, and the cellular composition was drastically altered by day 14 after infection. Unlike the spleen, the lymph nodes showed minor changes in their T and B lymphocyte responses and cell composition during the course of the infection, except the B cell response and composition which were altered late in the infection. The thymus and bone marrow did not show any appreciable changes in their mitogen responses and cell composition throughout the infection. The peripheral blood lymphocytes showed reduced B cell responses. Spleen cells from chronically infected mice suppressed lymphocyte stimulation induced in normal spleen and lymph node cell populations by Con A, LPS and allogeneic stimulator cells. Lymph node cells from the same group of mice did not exhibit any such suppressor activity. In the experimental system used here, the spleen is the primary site of immune depression, and other lymphoid organs such as the lymph nodes and thymus are very little affected.
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PMID:Immunodepression in trypanosome-infected mice. VI. Comparison of immune responses of different lymphoid organs. 645 82

The responsiveness of spleen cells from C57BL/6J mice to various immunogenic stimuli was examined during the progressive growth of a poorly immunogenic fibrosarcoma T241. A strong correlation was observed between the progressive tumor growth and the depression of response to Concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide, sheep red blood cells, and alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte reaction and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). The maximum depression of these immune responses occurred when the animals had grown tumors for 3-4 weeks. Furthermore, serum from these animals collected 20 days after tumor transplantation was highly immunosuppressive. The possible mechanisms of tumor-induced immunosuppression have been discussed.
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PMID:Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC. 645 20

In a short-term (6 h/day X 6 days) benzene inhalation dose-response study, mitogen-induced blastogenesis of both B- and T-lymphocytes in male, C57Bl mice was observed to be significantly depressed at relatively low levels of benzene. Exposure to 10 ppm benzene resulted in a significant depression in femoral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B-colony-forming ability, while total numbers of B-lymphocytes at this concentration were not significantly depressed. Similarly, splenic phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blastogenesis was significantly depressed at 31 ppm, without a concomitant significant depression in numbers of T-lymphocytes. These data indicate that concentrations of benzene at or near the current standard for occupational exposure (10 ppm) can affect certain immune-associated processes.
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PMID:Depressions in B- and T-lymphocyte mitogen-induced blastogenesis in mice exposed to low concentrations of benzene. 660 67

The present findings demonstrate that a total i.v. transfer of 100 X 10(6) C57BL/6 (B6) parental spleen cells into untreated (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 hybrids (B6D2F1) resulted in acute runting, which was associated with a significantly elevated graft-vs.-host (GVH) index over a one-month period following GVH induction. Furthermore, this B6-induced acute GVH disease was associated with a marked depression of natural killer (NK) cell activity (spleen and peripheral blood) (with or without addition of mouse fibroblast interferon), which correlated with lymphoid cell hypocellularity, prominent splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), and parallel depressions of both concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced mitogenesis. Significantly increased killing by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of antibody-coated chicken red blood cells, as well as increased T cell killing of the NK-insensitive cell line P815 (as compared to the significantly decreased killing of the NK-sensitive cell line YAC-1) was also observed in the spleens of this 100 X 10(6) B6-injected F1 group. In marked contrast to this 100 X 10(6) B6-injected acute GVH group, untreated mice injected i.v. with the same or greater numbers of parental DBA/2 spleen cells (100 X 10(6)-150 X 10(6) DBA/2 spleen cells) exhibited a milder and more chronic form of GVH disease, which was not associated with a significant decrease of NK activity. It was of considerable interest that a total i.v. transfer of 50 X 10(6) B6 spleen cells (i.e. one-half of that required to produce acute GVH, markedly depressed NK, and prominent splenic EMH) into B6D2F1 hybrids also resulted in a more chronic form of GVH disease, but was associated with significantly increased levels of NK activity at two weeks post GVH induction.
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PMID:Natural killer activity in (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 hybrids undergoing acute and chronic graft-vs.-host reaction. 664 88

The in vitro immunopharmacological effects of phenytoin (PHT) and its major metabolite 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH) were investigated by flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of mitogen stimulated mouse spleen cells. The qualitative effects of PHT and HPPH were similar in concanavalin A stimulated mouse spleen cells with both compounds causing an increase in the percentage of S phase cells. The data suggests that this effect is due to an augmentation of cell cycling as demonstrated by the significant increase in 4N cells in PHT treated cultures relative to control cultures following colcemid treatment. A PHT time course study revealed an increase in S phase cells and a subsequent increase in 4N cells. PHT had no significant effect on congenitally athymic nude mouse spleen cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) except at the highest concentration tested (80 micrograms/ml) where a depression of cell cycling was observed. HPPH caused a colcemid-like accumulation of 4N cells in the LPS stimulated nude mouse spleen cell cultures. PHT and HPPH were found to be effective in enhancing cell cycling in cultures containing a significant population of T-cells stimulated with a T-cell mitogen whereas an inhibitory effect was observed in cultures without T-cells stimulated with a B-cell mitogen. The capacity of PHT to enhance the mitogenic action of concanavalin A may relate to its capacity to induce immunologic abnormalities and lymphadenopathy in humans.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of the effect of phenytoin and its major metabolite on mitogen stimulated mouse spleen cells. 665 43


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