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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among approximately 20,000 apparently healthy subjects whose serum cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) values were screened at a health examination, those with the most pronounced hyperlipidaemia have been selected for further studies. Thus, 188 males and 126 females, aged 30-65 years, with asymptomatic primary hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) and 59 male and 69 female controls with non-elevated serum lipids were studied with regard to frequency of ST segment depressions during exercise to near maximal heart rate. Furthermore, the concentrations of cholesterol and TG were determined in the lipoprotein (LP) classes very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density LP, separated by preparative ultracentrifugation. From the LP analysis each subject's HLP was classified according to the typing system of HLP recommended by the WHO. The frequency of ST depressions (Minnesota code 4.1-4.3 as well as 4.1-4.4) increased with age, was higher in females than in males and was increased in all types of HLP in males. The percentage frequencies of ST depressions 4.1-4.4 in the various types of HLP were (male/female, p against controls): controls 16/36, type IIA 50 (p less than 0.01)/56, type IIB 64 (p less than 0.01)/75 (p less than 0.01)/75 (p less than 0.05), type III 67 (p less than 0.01)/33 and type IV HLP 40 (p less than 0.01/53. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of ST depressions in subjects with "high" and "low" BP (hypertensives were excluded from the study) or in subjects with "high" and "low" k-value for the i.v. glucose tolerance. Non-smokers had a tendency to higher frequencies of ST depressions than smokers. The association between different LPs and other "risk factors" and the occurrence of ST depressions in HLP were studied further with multiple regression analysis. Invariably age was the best predictor of ST depressions. The LP fraction giving the highest correlation coefficient was LDL cholesterol in both sexes. VLDL TG and LDL TG were also positively and significantly associated with ST depressions. HDL cholesterol was negatively but insignificantly correlated to ST depressions. When age and LDL cholesterol had been entered into the multiple regression, the only factor giving further significance was VLDL TG in males. Probability tables for the occurrence of ST depressions considering age and different levels of LDL cholesterol and VLDL TG were given. The importance of simultaneous consideration of both VLDL TG and LDL cholesterol in ST segment depression was evident from the tables. Of other "risk factors" (BP, glucose tollerance, smoking, ESR) entered into the regression together with only age and the LPs, only ESR contributed with borderline significance to ST depressions.
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PMID:Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia. IV. ECG at rest and during exercise and its relation to various lipoprotein classes. 17 Jul 96

The paper analyses correlation between depressive syndromes and lipid metabolism and circulatory system disturbances. Two groups of patients with depression were compared. The first of them consisted of patients with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, in the other group there were patients with normal risk of atherosclerosis. It was found out that the most frequent parameter of lipid metabolism disturbances is cholesterol HDL fraction. Lipid metabolism disturbances in depression are larger in patients suffering from circulatory system disorders. The authors recommended to combine the treatment of depression with applying medicines counteracting lipid metabolism disturbances in patients having greater risk of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Biochemical evaluation of atherosclerotic changes in the course of depressive syndromes in patients with cardiovascular disturbances]. 129 2

The results of treadmill exercise stress test (TMX) for ischaemia is based on ST-segment depression. Patients with positive test may or may not be symptomatic. This study examines if there are any differences between these two groups of patients. A total of thirty-nine patients with coronary artery disease and positive TMX results in 1988 was studied. There were 16 patients with chest pain and 23 without. They were followed-up for a mean period of 16.9 and 15.2 months respectively. The following factors were found not to be statistically significant between these two groups of patients: age, sex, race, height, weight, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or smoking, indication for the test, use of drugs, total and HDL-cholesterol, exercise duration and the initial double product. The difference between the maximal double product of the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.004). In the follow-up period, in the group of patients with silent myocardial ischaemia, one had a cardiac event and one underwent revascularisation. While in the symptomatic group, two had cardiac events and seven underwent revascularisation. There were no deaths in either group. The difference in overall outcome was significant statistically (p = 0.002). Therefore, patients with silent myocardial ischaemia have a higher maximal double product in TMX; hence a higher maximal workload and a less adverse outcome compared to symptomatic patients.
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PMID:Silent myocardial ischaemia: the Tan Tock Seng experience. 178 83

Male Wistar rats were fed an atherogenic diet for four months to investigate possible diet-induced lipid alterations and brain Ca2+ ATPase activity. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were found to be increased significantly in both serum and brain while the phospholipid level was decreased in both. The distribution of serum cholesterol between high-density and low-density lipoproteins was altered when compared to control rats with a decrement in HDL-cholesterol and a pronounced increment in LDL-cholesterol. The atherogenic diet resulted in about 50% depression in brain Ca2+ ATPase activity. It is concluded that alterations in ion transport and neurotransmitter release may be expected due to pronounced inhibition of brain Ca2+ ATPase activity in rats fed an atherogenic diet.
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PMID:Alterations in some lipid components and Ca2+ ATPase activity in brain of rats fed an atherogenic diet. 183 14

Human hepaotoblastoma cells (Hep G2) were cultured with a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, CS-514. The synthesis of cholesterol was markedly inhibited after 1 h preincubation with CS-514. The synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein (apo) B and A-1, however, were not affected. A long-term incubation (21-24 h) of cells with CS-514 did not change apo B synthesis and secretion, although a slight depression of apo A-1 synthesis was observed. Hep G2 cells were found to secrete LDL- and HDL-like lipoproteins which were poor in cholesterol when cells were incubated with the drug. These results suggest that the modulation of cholesterol synthesis affects neither the synthesis and secretion of apo B and A-1 nor the formation of lipoproteins.
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PMID:The effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (CS-514) on the synthesis and secretion of apolipoproteins B and A-1 in the human hepatoblastoma Hep G2. 215 11

Diets currently used to produce atherosclerotic lesions in mice are often undefined and cause accumulation of fat in the liver and gallstone formation. Therefore, synthetic low and high fat diets of known composition were formulated in this study. A synthetic diet containing 50% sucrose, 15% cocoa butter, 1% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate was found to produce a depression in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and an elevation of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the atherosclerosis-susceptible strain, C57BL/6J. This diet was able to consistently produce aortic lesions and led to a decrease in liver damage and gallstone formation. The synthetic low fat diet did not produce HDL-C levels as high as those found in mice fed chow, but resulted in similar VLDL/LDL-C levels. Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein parameters were compared in C57BL/6J and the atherosclerosis-resistant strain, C3H/HeJ, consuming the synthetic low fat or high fat diets. As reported earlier, when consuming a high fat diet C57BL/6J mice have significantly lower HDL-C and apoA-I levels than C3H/HeJ mice. Further analysis shows that the molar ratio of plasma HDL-C to apoA-I is significantly lower in C57BL/6J mice, suggesting that HDL in the susceptible strain has a lower cholesterol-carrying capacity. This conclusion is consistent with the observation that the HDL particle size is smaller for C57BL/6J mice than for C3H/HeJ. Both strains increased their apoE levels when fed the synthetic high fat diet, but C3H/HeJ mice had higher levels of apoE on both diets. The major response to consumption of the high fat diet for both strains was an increase in apoB-48 from 5 micrograms/ml on a low fat diet to 54 and 109 micrograms/ml for C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ, respectively. ApoB-100 showed minimal response to the high fat diet. The defined high fat diet can be used to study atherosclerosis in the mouse since it produces aortic lesions but reduces or eliminates other pathological changes such as gallstone formation and liver damage.
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PMID:Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse. 238 Jun 34

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at 4 weeks of age were fed a diet supplemented with sunflowerseed oil (SO), evening primrose oil (EPO), fish oil (FO) or EPO + FO for 22 weeks. A diet with commercially available pellets served as control. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower during and after FO, EPO and EPO + FO, whereas the lower level after SO was not significant when compared with the controls. Serum triglycerides and total cholesterol were lowest after EPO followed FO. The combination of both EPO and FO resulted in unexpected high values of triglycerides and cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol was likewise highest after EPO + FO. The results indicate a quantitatively different depression of blood pressure and serum lipids from SHR by individual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
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PMID:Blood pressure and serum lipids from SHR after diets supplemented with evening primrose, sunflowerseed or fish oil. 239 67

To examine the antianginal and antihypertensive efficacy of nitrendipine, a new calcium channel blocking agent, 25 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris (NYHA I-III) and systemic hypertension underwent cardiac catheterization and treadmill exercise tests. Acute hemodynamic results were obtained before and 2 h after oral administration of 20 mg nitrendipine. They showed a significant decrease in aortic pressure (162.1 +/- 27.4/80.0 +/- 12.1 vs. 134.9 +/- 23.5/74.2 +/- 13.1 mm Hg), pulmonary arterial pressure (25.4 +/- 5.4/11.3 +/- 3.7 vs. 21.9 +/- 5.4/9.9 +/- 3.7 mm Hg), and pulmonary wedge pressure (10.0 +/- 4.4 vs. 6.6 +/- 3.8 mm Hg). Cardiac index (+31%) and stroke volume (+33%) increased markedly, whereas heart rate remained unchanged (66.9 +/- 11.4 vs. 66.8 +/- 10.8 beats/min). Chronic hemodynamic results and exercise tolerance tests were obtained before and 8 weeks after oral nitrendipine therapy. A significant decrease in arterial blood pressure was observed (167 +/- 22/86 +/- 10 vs. 126 +/- 32/76 +/- 19 mm Hg). Exercise tolerance improved concerning test duration (+22%) and total exercise capacity (+37%). Maximal ST-segment depression decreased by 30% (0.2 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.14 +/- 0.02 mV) and subsequently the anginal frequency was reduced from 7.8 +/- 2.1 to 3.8 +/- 1.7 attacks/week (-50%). The maximal rate-pressure product during exercise remained unchanged. Plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL- and HDL-cholesterol did not show any significant alterations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute and chronic effects of nitrendipine on hemodynamics and myocardial ischemia in patients with combined angina pectoris and hypertension. 246 68

The oral contraceptive formulations in use today consist of three types. One type has a fixed dose of a combination of a synthetic estrogen and a synthetic progestin, the second has varying doses of each of these steroids, and the third consists of a fixed dose of a progestin without an estrogen. The estrogen in the older formulations contained mestranol, while all those developed since 1974 contain ethinyl estradiol. The estrogen is combined with varying dosages of nine different progestins to produce a wide variety of formulations. The major metabolic effects of the estrogen are an increase in hepatic production of globulins, some of which cause hypercoagulability, and an increase in blood pressure in certain users. By varying HDL-cholesterol, the estrogen has a beneficial effect upon lipids. Other estrogenic effects include fluid retention, depression, and breast tenderness. Most of the progestins have androgenic effects, being derived from 19-nortestosterone. These include peripheral insulin resistance, a lowering of HDL-cholesterol, nitrogen retention, and nervousness. Both the estrogen and progestins metabolic effects are dose-related and with the newer, low-dose formulations, the adverse metabolic and clinical effects are minimal. Thus the results of the epidemiologic studies performed 10 to 15 years ago, when women were using high-dose formulations, are not relevant to the oral contraceptive formulations in use today. Recent epidemiologic studies show that healthy, nonsmoking women using oral contraceptives do not have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:The pharmacologic and metabolic effects of oral contraceptives. 257 52

The prognostic value of the exercise testing as well as coronary risk factors was assessed in 890 patients (pts) with a history of myocardial infarction (MI, n = 114) or chest pain (typical angina; TA, n = 134, others; OTH, n = 642) in relation to cardiac events (cardiac death, non-fatal MI). Clinical questionnaires and symptomatic-maximal graded treadmill exercise were performed in all pts. Follow-up was obtained prospectively by mail or telephone interview annually. Twenty eight pts were lost to follow-up. In the remaining 862 pts (96.9%), the mean follow-up duration was 3.1 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- SD) years. During follow-up period, 39 cardiac events (21 cardiac death, 18 non-fatal MI) (4.5%) occurred. Cardiac event rates in pts with MI, TA, and OTH were 16.2%, 9.8%, and 1.3%, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that the event rate was influenced by age, sex (male), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and HDL-cholesterol among coronary risk factors, and by anginal pain during exercise, ST depression, poor exercise tolerance, and abnormal blood pressure response among treadmill exercise findings. By Cox proportional hazard model analysis, the history of MI, age, TA, and ST depression (within 6 minutes of Bruce protocol) was significantly independent predictors for future cardiac events in all pts; and age, sex, and TA in pts without MI. In conclusion, the exercise testing combined with conventional coronary risk factor analysis was effective means in predicting future cardiac events.
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PMID:[A prospective study of future cardiac events in subjects who underwent treadmill exercise testing]. 260 49


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