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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Individuals with hepatitis C virus (HCV) constitute a growing segment of the US population, with most new infections attributable to intravenous drug use. Commonly, there is a 10- to 30-year delay from time of infection to diagnosis. Current treatment is with interferon, alone or in combination with ribavirin. A concerning side effect of both monotherapy and combination therapy is depression, which can become severe and lead to suicide. In patients with liver disease and those who have used intravenous drugs, depression is highest among those who are also positive for HCV. Use of a standardized short form depression self-rating tool would provide the advantages of increased accuracy in patient assessment, improved documentation, and cost-effective monitoring of depression in patients with HCV receiving interferon/ribavirin therapy. This article discusses the importance of screening and monitoring patients for depression as they undergo treatment for HCV infection with interferon alone or in combination therapy with ribavirin.
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PMID:Monitoring depression in patients undergoing alpha-interferon and ribavirin therapy for hepatitis C. 1185 72

The purposes of this study were 2-fold: to evaluate the impact of the schedule dependency of etoposide (3-day IV short course vs. a 21-day oral prolonged course) with cisplatin on the quality of life of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients; and to examine the effect of baseline quality of life variables on long-term survival, after adjustment for known demographic and clinical prognostic factors. Participants were 70 patients enrolled in the cancer and leukemia group B (CALGB) protocol 9033. Quality of life was assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks by: the EORTC QLQ-30, the Centers for epidemiology studies--Depression short form, the medical outcomes study (MOS) social support questionnaire, and a scale of sleep quality. Contrary to expectations, study results suggested no significant differences in the patients' life quality and treatment response based on whether they received etoposide in a 3-day IV vs. a 21-day oral regimen. The use of the baseline variables in predicting overall survival indicated that patients who were non-white and with liver involvement had decreased survival. Brain involvement, being male, and higher depressive symptoms were also found to be borderline significant in predicting decreased survival in this patient population.
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PMID:The health-related quality of life and survival of small-cell lung cancer patients: results of a companion study to CALGB 9033. 1207 61

Treatment with an antagonist at the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor may alleviate depression, however the brain region(s) in which the NK-1 receptor antagonist exerts its therapeutic effect is unknown. [125I]BH-Substance P was used to measure NK-1 receptors postmortem in cytoarchitectonically defined areas of rostral orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 47) of subjects with major depressive disorder (n = 12, six females) and psychiatrically normal subjects (n = 11, five females). Six subjects with depression died by suicide. Subjects with depression showed decreased binding to NK-1 receptors across all cortical layers (p = 0.024). The pathophysiology of depression, and the reported therapeutic benefit of NK-1 receptor antagonists, may thus involve NK-1 receptors in prefrontal cortex.
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PMID:Neurokinin-1 receptors are decreased in major depressive disorder. 1215 74

It is unknown whether acute response to ambulatory oxygen (O2) predicts longer term improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQL) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The aims of this study were 1) to assess the short-term clinical impact, as determined by HRQL, of ambulatory O2 in a 12-week, double-blind, randomised crossover study of O2 (versus cylinder compressed air) of dyspnoeic but not chronically hypoxic COPD patients with exertional desaturation < or = 88% (n=41), and 2) to determine whether either baseline characteristics or acute response to O2 predicts short-term (12 weeks) response. Primary outcome measures were Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and the short form (SF)-36. Improvements were seen in all domains of the CRQ for cylinder O2 compared with cylinder air. Significant improvements were also noted in anxiety and depression and in certain domains of the SF-36. There were 28 (68%) acute responders to cylinder O2 (defined as increase in 6-min walk > or = 54 m or decrease in post-Borg dyspnoea > or = 1) and 23 (56%) short-term responders (defined as clinically significant improvement in CRQ). However, acute and short-term responses were not correlated with no predictors of short-term response identified. At study completion, 14 (41%) of acute or short-term responders did not want to continue therapy, with 11 citing poor acceptability or tolerability. Short-term ambulatory oxygen is associated with significant improvements in health-related quality of life. These benefits cannot be predicted by baseline characteristics or acute response. Despite acute or short-term response, a substantial proportion of patients declined ambulatory oxygen.
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PMID:Ambulatory oxygen improves quality of life of COPD patients: a randomised controlled study. 1221 60

Most instruments focussing on hypochondriasis symptoms do not have for goal to assess beliefs specifically. Instead, these instruments are used to measure specific behaviors. To assess underlying beliefs with these kinds of instruments, you have to extract false beliefs by deduction. In cognitive therapy, it is important to target erroneous beliefs in order to change them. On the other hand, existing instruments are not really suitable to target erroneous health beliefs. Even if some questionnaires are built to assess beliefs directly, it seems that they only measure the conviction of having an illness and do not assess the general health beliefs present in excessive health worriers. However, many researchers argue that this other kind of beliefs are the ones responsible in maintaining hypochondriasis symptoms. Presently, researchers assume that erroneous beliefs can maintain worries about illness among people with hypochondriasis symptoms like false beliefs about worry maintain worries in people with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Even if the importance of false beliefs in the maintenance of pathological worries is now recognized, most instruments on hypochondriasis symptoms do not have for goal to assess erroneous beliefs concerning worry about health. For instance, although the questionnaire Why do people worry? (WW) shows good psychometric properties and measures beliefs related to general worries, this questionnaire is not specific enough to correctly evaluate beliefs associated to health worry. A new questionnaire has to emerge in order to assess false beliefs associated to worry about health. This manuscript presents the development and the validation of a new questionnaire: the General Health Beliefs Questionnaire (GHBQ) that assesses general health beliefs, and also presents the development and the validation of a new questionnaire assessing beliefs associated to worry about health: the Why do people Worry about Health? (WW-H) . In this study, the GHBQ's and the WW-H's psychometric qualities and the factorial structure were assessed. More precisely, this study examined the factorial structure, the temporal stability, the convergent, divergent and criteria validities of the GHBQ and the WW-H. Four hundred and twenty nine French-speaking university students (non-clinical participants) completed a battery of questionnaires at the beginning of a class. The questionnaires were: The General Health Beliefs Questionnaire (GHBQ), the Why do people Worry about Health (WW-H), the Illness Worry Scale (IWS), the Beck Depression Inventory-short form (BDI-short form) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). A second administration took place three weeks later with the same sample to test the temporal stability of the GHBQ and the WW-H. The principal component analysis with orthogonal rotation (varimax) supports a five components solution for the GHBQ: 1) magical thinking, 2) health, 3) consequences, 4) responsibility, and 5) vulnerability. The principal component analysis with oblique rotation (direct oblimin) (d=0) found a two components solution for the WW-H: 1) utility and 2) magical thinking associated to worries about health. The internal consistency of the GHBQ and the WW-H is excellent (a=.80 and a=.90, respectively). A correlation of 0.49 was found between the GHBQ and the WW-H. The correlation between the GHBQ and the IWS who evaluates the tendency to worry (r=.50) and between the WW-H and the IWS (r=.49) showed that the convergent validity of these questionnaires is adequate. On a three weeks interval, the GHBQ (r=.70) and the WW-H (r=.71) showed a satisfying temporal stability. The means of the high worriers (80 superior percentile at the IWS) (M=38.8, ET=8.93) and the means of the moderate worriers (between the 40 and the 60 percentile at the IWS) (M=32.8, ET=8.00) on the GHBQ have been compared. A significant difference has been found between the two groups [F(1,181)=23,129, p<0,001]. Also, the means of the high worriers (M=27.3, ET=8.59) and the means of the moderate worriers (M=23.8, ET=8.56) on the WW-H haveave been compared. An ANOVA has found a significant difference between these two groups [F(1,180)=7,396, p=0,007]. These results show that general health beliefs and false beliefs associated to worry about health are more often present in high worriers than in moderate worriers. The GHBQ and the WW-H allow psychologists, physicians and psychiatrists to do a quicker and more exhaustive evaluation of general health beliefs and false beliefs associated to worry about health, in less costs. These questionnaires will improve the chances of success of the hypochondriasis' treatment by helping clinicians to detect and correct false beliefs more easily.
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PMID:[Study of psychometric properties of two new questionnaires assessing beliefs in hypochondriasis in a non-clinical population]. 1223 39

Numerous reports of quality-of-life data in chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) patients in the United States and Western Europe use the short form questionnaire (SF-36). Few centers in Europe have reported data examining the incidence of depression in CPD patients. Depression has been shown to correlate with morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. A high incidence of clinical depression is seen in end-stage renal disease patients in the United States. We thought it could be important to compare depression measurements between the United States and European countries. Quality-of-life data of the peritoneal dialysis patients from the New Haven continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) unit and from the New Technology Center at Hospital #31 in St. Petersburg were compared. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the SF-36, which includes the mental component score (MCS) and the physical component score (PCS), were administered to the patients. The study participants included 147 Russian and 96 U.S. patients. The BDI, PCS, and MCS scores were similar in both groups. The BDI scores in the Russian patients indicated that a high incidence of clinical depression likely exists in that patient population. The utility of the BDI in assessing quality-of-life issues in Europe and Russia requires further evaluation.
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PMID:Comparison of quality-of-life assessment in Russia and the United States in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. 1240 87

The purposes of this study were: 1) to compare performance status, mood states, and level of hope between patients with cancer pain and patients without cancer pain; and 2) to determine the relationships of pain intensity and pain interference with daily life to performance status, mood states, and level of hope. A total of 233 Taiwanese cancer patients with pain and 251 without pain participated. The self report instruments consisted of the Chinese version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) short form, the Chinese version of the Herth Hope Index, the Brief Pain Inventory-Chinese version (BPI-C), the Chinese version of the Karnorfsy Performance Scale (KPS), and a demographic questionnaire. The major findings of this study were that cancer patients with pain reported significantly lower levels of performance status and higher levels of total mood disturbance than did cancer patients who did not experience pain after controlling for sex, disease stage, and recruitment site. In addition, patients with cancer pain experienced significantly more anger, fatigue, depression, confusion, and lethargy than did patients without pain after controlling for sex, disease stage, and recruitment site. Among patients with pain, pain intensity was significantly correlated with performance status and mood state, but not with level of hope. Pain interference with daily life was significantly correlated both with performance status, mood state, and level of hope. Pain intensity and pain interference were significantly correlated with each mood state as well as with total mood disturbance. This study has demonstrated the effect of cancer pain on patients' physical, psychological, and spiritual life and has supported the multidimensional notion of the cancer pain experience in Taiwanese patients.
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PMID:Effect of cancer pain on performance status, mood states, and level of hope among Taiwanese cancer patients. 1256 86

Most studies of pain, including chronic pain, agree that depression and pain are interrelated, although the neurobiology of this relationship remains unknown. Neuroimaging studies suggest a specific role of the prefrontal brain regions in the mechanisms of mood disorders and chronic pain. The present study examines the interrelationships between regional brain N-Acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels (as identified by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC], orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate and thalamus), depression (as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory), and pain (as measured by short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire) in 10 chronic back pain (CBP) patients with depression, and compared to the relationship between regional brain NAA levels and depression in 10 normal subjects (sex and age-matched). Reduction of NAA levels was demonstrated in the right DLPFC of CBP patients with depression, as compared to the normal controls (p < 0.02, two-tailed t-test). The depression levels in CBP patients were highly correlated with NAA levels in the right DLPFC (r = -0.99, p < 0.0001), and were unrelated to the other studied regional NAA in both groups, including the right DLPFC in normal subjects (p < 10(-6); comparing the difference between r values in the right DLPFC between the two groups). The pain levels in CBP patients were also associated with the right DLPFC (r = -0.62, p < 0.05), although these relationships were much weaker as compared to depression-NAA correlations (p < 0.0001; comparing the difference between r values). The interrelationships between NAA across brain regions were examined using correlation analysis, which detected different connectivity patterns between CBP patients with depression and normal subjects. These findings provide evidence for a stronger association of prefrontal NAA to depression than to pain in CBP, which may reflect the common neurobiological substrate underlying these conditions in CBP patients. Spectroscopic brain mapping of NAA, the marker of neuronal density and function, to the depression and pain measures might be used for segregation of their circuitries in the chronic pain brain.
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PMID:Association between dorsolateral prefrontal N-acetyl aspartate and depression in chronic back pain: an in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. 1265 77

The Sarcoidosis Health Questionnaire (SHQ) is a health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) instrument we designed in a two-part study to allow patients to describe their satisfaction with life as it is affected by sarcoidosis. In the Development Study, we created the SHQ from a 151-item pool generated from interviews with 107 patients, a search of the relevant literature, and discussion with sarcoidosis experts. Using clinical impact methodology and the questionnaire responses of a separate group of 149 patients, we reduced the total number of items to 29. The final SHQ has three domains: Daily Functioning, Physical Functioning, and Emotional Functioning. In the Validation Study, performed with a different group of 111 patients, we found that the SHQ had good internal consistency reliability, as well as evidence of content, criterion, and construct validity based on its comparison with other measures of HRQL (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item short form and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire) and of mental health (the Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression Scale), as well as with clinical variables including spirometry. The SHQ alone was sensitive to differences in HRQL based on the number of involved organ systems. In conclusion, we have developed a self-completed HRQL questionnaire for U.S. patients with sarcoidosis.
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PMID:The Sarcoidosis Health Questionnaire: a new measure of health-related quality of life. 1273 6

Tacrolimus is increasingly used as a baseline immunosuppressant after renal transplantation. This multicentre study assessed health-related quality of life and symptom experience in renal transplant patients on tacrolimus-based therapy, using the SF-36 and Euroqol 5 dimensions (EQ-5D) and the 'modified transplant symptom occurrence and symptom distress scale', respectively. Symptoms of depression were assessed with the short form of the Beck Depression Inventory and physical activity with the Baecke questionnaire. Overall, 350 patients with a median post-transplant status of 16.7 months were enrolled. Results revealed that patients experienced lower SF-36 scores than the general population, except in terms of bodily pain. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that a higher degree of depressive symptoms and female gender were consistently related to a health status perceived as being worse and a higher rate of symptom experience. These findings are in accordance with previous quality-of-life reports that assessed patients under various immunosuppressive therapies. Therefore, interventions, including the screening and treatment for depression and the addressing of gender-specific issues, can enhance quality of life.
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PMID:Health-related quality of life and symptom experience in tacrolimus-based regimens after renal transplantation: a multicentre study. 1274 58


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