Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the ameliorating effects of DN-1417 (a TRH analog) on the changes of behavior, EEG, neurochemical parameters and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in rats with global cerebral ischemia. Global cerebral ischemia was produced by 10-min occlusion of both common carotid arteries 24 hr after the permanent electrocauterization of bilateral vertebral arteries. DN-1417 was administered intraperitoneally as soon as possible, following recirculation of carotid blood flow. DN-1417 shortened significantly the recovery times of righting reflex (RR) and spontaneous movement (SM) at 2.5 mg/kg and higher doses, and it recovered effectively the EEG activity at 10 mg/kg during recirculation after 10-min cerebral ischemia. In addition, DN-1417 (10 mg/kg) recovered the various changes such as decrease of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels, increase of cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, inhibition of [3H]-choline uptake, depression of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities, and shortened the durations of hyperperfusion and hypoperfusion of rCBF. As a result, it is identified that DN-1417 ameliorates the disturbance of consciousness supposedly caused by behavioral and EEG abnormalities during recirculation following the temporary cerebral ischemia, and the effect of DN-1417 seems to be mediated by normalizing of alterations in the brain monoaminergic and cholinergic systems, as well as rCBF, and the effectiveness for disturbance of consciousness in clinical situations would be expected.
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PMID:[Pharmacological study of the temporary cerebral ischemic rats produced by bilateral vertebral and carotid artery occlusion. Effects of DN-1417]. 286 Nov 49

A series of human multinucleate giant cells (MGCs) of the endocytotic type were studied using enzyme histochemical methods for dehydrogenases, glycosidases, phosphatases, and peptidases. Several enzyme patterns were found. The subgroup of MGCs associated with inflammatory granulomatous processes (sarcoidosis, granulomatous myositis, familial granulomatosis, lymphogranuloma, granulomatous cholangitis) was characterized by high activities of nonspecific esterase (NE) and tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase (AcPase-Ts). There was no detectable activity of peptidases or tartrate-resistant isoenzyme of acid phosphatase (AcPase-Tr). This enzyme equipment was indistinguishable from that in mononuclear precursors in the granulomas. The other MGCs of the series displayed enzyme patterns substantially different from their monocytic precursors (blood monocytes and Langerhans cells). The subgroup of foreign body associated MGCs (resorption of fat, keratin, and suture material) was characterized by high activities of NE, AcPase-Tr, and greatly variable activities of both peptidases studied. The latter lacked predilection for certain subcellular regions. The subgroup of osteoclasts and so-called giant cell tumours (osteoclastoma, giant cell tumour of soft parts, giant cell epulis of peripheral, and central types) displayed very low activity of NE, high activity of AcPase-Tr, and strong activities of peptidases. The latter were localized near the surface membrane of the polykarya. MGCs in histiocytosis X (HX) differed from the previous group by higher values of NE in average. All MGC types had common denominator in the absence of alkaline phosphatase activity, on average intense dehydrogenase activities, mostly low beta-glucuronidase and highly variable alpha-mannosidase activities. The enzyme pattern heterogeneity is discussed with regard to the phenomenon of enzyme induction and depression occurring in course of polykaryon production. The variability of phenomenon may reflect reactive adaptation to varying functional demands imposed on MGCs under different conditions.
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PMID:Enzyme patterns in human endocytotic multinucleate giant cells--a histochemical study. 287 82

In the presence of guanethidine (10(-6)-5 X 10(-6) M), transmural nerve stimulation evoked an excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.) in the fundus region and an inhibitory junction potential (i.j.p.) in the antrum region of the circular muscle of the guinea-pig stomach. The e.j.p. was blocked by atropine (over 2 X 10(-7) M) while the i.j.p. was blocked by apamin (10(-7) M) but not by adrenergic or cholinergic receptor antagonists. Therefore the i.j.p. may be non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic in nature. In the presence of atropine, nerve stimulation evoked the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic i.j.p. in both regions of the stomach. In the antrum region, single stimuli enhanced the subsequent slow wave by 1.1-1.3 times, in comparison with that before the stimuli, and this effect was blocked by atropine (over 2 X 10(-7) M). The reversal potential for the e.j.p. was about -18 mV, while that for the i.j.p. was -87 mV in the atropinized fundus and -89 mV in the antrum region. In the fundus region, a pair of nerve stimulations with short intervals (1-4 s) reduced (depression) and with long intervals (5-20 s) enhanced (facilitation) the second e.j.p. or the i.j.p. After inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) by physostigmine or neostigmine, nerve stimulation evoked an enhanced e.j.p., and then produced a sustained depolarization with a duration of 3-5 s in the fundus region, while the amplitude of slow waves after nerve stimulation was further enhanced in the antrum region. These effects of anticholinesterases were blocked by atropine. Exogenously applied acetylcholine (ACh) depolarized the smooth muscle membrane; the threshold concentration of ACh was about 1000 times higher in the antrum region (10(-6) M) than in the fundus region (10(-9) M). It is concluded that in the guinea-pig stomach, regional differences in junction potentials may be due to different sensitivities of ACh receptor, and that nerve stimulation evokes a cholinergic e.j.p. in a high-sensitivity region (fundus) and a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic i.j.p. in a low-sensitivity region (antrum).
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PMID:Distribution and properties of excitatory and inhibitory junction potentials in circular muscle of the guinea-pig stomach. 300 47

Cytochemical studies have been performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 68 diabetic subjects, with various conditions of metabolic control, and 15 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic patients. 20 patients of the 1 group had diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic patients periodic acid Schiff positivity, acid phosphatase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities of lymphocytes are fairly impaired, particularly in insulin-dependent diabetes. Concerning the alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase activity, the percentage of positive cells with coarse granules is significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) in diabetic patients as compared to controls, without difference related to age and sex. These abnormalities are more evident in patients with poor glyco-metabolic control. In patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes we have found a further decrease in alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase activity, and an increase in acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities. Cyto-enzymatic activities are not significantly different in subjects with diabetic retinopathy. The results of peripheral lymphocyte enzymatic activities in diabetics could be related to a depression of the cell-mediated immunity and could enhance the infections risk of these patients. Furthermore our data show an altered immunological balance in subjects with newly diagnosed type I diabetes.
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PMID:Cytochemistry of circulating lymphocytes in diabetes mellitus with and without retinopathy and in newly diagnosed type I (insulin dependent) diabetes. 310 78

Association and linkage relationships between alcoholism and 30 polymorphic marker loci were studied in a total of 42 families: 27 families originally collected as part of a study on depression spectrum disease, 14 previously reported families with depression spectrum disease, and 1 family with familial alcoholism. Since heterogeneity within a sample can confound genetic linkage analysis, obscuring linkage relationships, alcoholism was studied in these families as a disorder unrelated to depression or antisocial personality. No allelic associations were found to be significant after allowing for the multiple tests. In a sib-pair linkage analysis, significant differences between the mean proportion of genes identical by descent in concordant and discordant sib pairs were found for the esterase-D (ESD) marker locus (p less than or equal to .01). This suggested that a linkage may exist between a gene for alcoholism and the ESD locus on chromosome 13q. Lod score linkage analysis yielded odds in favor of linkage to ESD of 44 to 1, most of the information relevant to linkage residing in a single family in which three offspring were classified as alcoholic and five were not.
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PMID:Possible linkage between alcoholism and esterase-D. 321 52

Disturbances of blood coagulation were studied in 32 consecutive patients with typhoid fever on their admission to hospital. Estimations of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products (FDPs), factors VII, VIII and XII, alpha I antitrypsin, plasminogen, CI esterase inhibitor, and platelet counts were performed as well as liver function tests and blood counts. Five patients had laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and two had a generalised bleeding disorder which in the other three was inapparent. The platelet count in the group as a whole was low (P less than 0.05) and the FDPs in most cases were mildly elevated. The pre-kallikrein values were depressed in three of the five with DIC, whereas factor XII was not reduced. These results indicate that bleeding disorders in typhoid fever are uncommon. The depression of pre-kallikrein indicates that the DIC is probably triggered by activation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Most patients had lymphopenia and monocytopenia but only two had neutropenia.
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PMID:Disturbances of blood coagulation associated with Salmonella typhi infections. 335 16

Chickens given 15 to 45 ppm dietary corticosterone 1 day prior to and 5 days following subcutaneous administration of 1 mg/kg 0,0-diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) were not protected from either clinical delayed neuropathy, depression of neurotoxic esterase activity or advanced degenerative peripheral nerve myelinated fiber damage.
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PMID:Absence of a protective effect of corticosterone on 0-0-diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) induced delayed neurotoxicity in chickens. 387 40

Investigations were performed in rabbits to elucidate the cell physiological parameters of the inhibitor reaction of adhesion. For this purpose, an improved method of measuring the cell adhesion was used. The well-known fact that culture cells will reveal a much stronger reaction could be confirmed. This may be due to the high increase of T-lymphocytes because of findings concerning cell differentiation with acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase (ANAE), whereas no corresponding results could be found for the particular role of macrophages. It could be proved that the inhibitor reaction already began 20 minutes after the antigen contact. On the basis of these facts beta-lymphotoxin might be assumed to play a part in the inhibitor reaction. A direct relationship between oxygen consumption and the inhibitor reaction of adhesion could not be proved. The respiratory depression frequently observed might be due to the cytotoxic effect of excreted lymphotoxins. As the inhibitor reaction of adhesion could be identified even after 1-1 1/2 years, it can be regarded as a longterm immunophenomenon. The findings with metabolic blockers underline that the primary adhesion of lymphocytes is supported by the oxidative metabolism and not by glycolysis which is generally characteristic of granulocytes.
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PMID:[Analysis of lymphocyte adhesion and the phenomenon of immunologic adhesion inhibition]. 618 59

The association of suppressor cells with survival of patients with gastric cancer was investigated. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte response and the presence of nonspecific suppressor cells were assessed in patients with different stages of gastric cancer. The presence of suppressor cells was determined by their ability to inhibit the PHA response of normal peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. Depression of the PHA response was related to the stage of disease and was also associated with the presence of suppressor cells. Of 245 patients tested, 76 (31%) had suppressor cells. Adherent, nonspecific esterase-positive cells (presumably, monocytes) accounted for the suppression in most cancer patients. The occurrence of suppressor cells and the tumor load were related because the incidence of detectable suppressor cells decreased after surgery in patients with resectable tumor but increased in patients undergoing palliative surgery. In patients with advanced disease who had a generally poor prognosis, the occurrence of suppressor cells was associated with a significantly increased survival. Hence the common view that a depressed lymphocyte response correlates with a poor clinical outcome may not be valid in all types of cancer.
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PMID:Suppressor cells and survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer. 621 31

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary fibers on T-2 toxicosis in rats. Weanling rats were fed varying levels of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin with and without T-2 toxin (3 micrograms/g feed) for 2 weeks. Only lignin showed promise of overcoming feed refusal and growth depression in animals fed T-2 toxin. Further experiments feeding alfalfa meal (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25%) with and without T-2 toxin indicated that this lignin-rich feedstuff could largely overcome feed refusal and growth depression caused by the toxin. There was no effect of diet, however, on the activity of hepatic esterase, the enzyme believed to catabolize T-2 toxin. Rats were fed diets containing 0, 5, 12.5 or 20% alfalfa for 2 weeks and then dosed orally with [3H]T-2 toxin. Dietary alfalfa increased fecal excretion of 3H, whereas urinary excretion was unaffected. Residual 3H in kidney and muscle was reduced with alfalfa feeding when [3H]T-2 toxin was administered orally. Residual 3H in the digesta in the intestinal lumen increased. Alfalfa feeding was found to reduce intestinal transit time. It was concluded that the feeding of alfalfa reduced T-2 toxicosis in rats by binding the toxin in the intestinal lumen thereby promoting fecal excretion.
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PMID:Effect of feeding alfalfa and refined plant fibers on the toxicity and metabolism of T-2 toxin in rats. 629 41


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