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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Operational diagnoses of endogenous depression have gained special importance for psychopharmacological research. The high reliability of operationally defined diagnoses is a prerequisite for sampling comparable patient group. The simultaneous application of competing categorical diagnostic system ("polydiagnosis") allows us to determine whether differences in research findings are due to differences in patient samplings. Furthermore, a dimensional classification of patients by means of a newly developed polydiagnostic scale (so called OPD scale) allows us to compare the diagnostic homogeneity of patient groups diagnosed as endogenous depression cases and to select extreme groups with high diagnostic homogeneity for comparing the distribution of variables under research in patients with endogenous and nonendogenous depression.
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PMID:The relevance of categorical and dimensional classification systems for the comparability of patient samples in psychopharmacological research of depression. 396 Sep 71

Of 60 cases of culture bound syndromes seen in psychiatry OPD, Dhat syndrome was most common (76.7%), followed by possession syndrome (13.3%). Depression by the most common associated psychiatric disorder. As the data on culture bound syndromes in Indian subcontinent is less, this study calls for careful evaluation of these patients psychologically to detect and treat the associated psychiatric comorbidity appropriately.
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PMID:An analysis of 60 cases of culture bound syndromes. 1069 25

With the transition from ICD-9 to ICD-10 the diagnosis of neurotic depression was omitted. Freyberger showed that this diagnosis in the ICD-10 was replaced mainly by the diagnoses of dysthymia, recurrent depression and depressive episode (with this ranking of frequency). A renowned German psychiatrist criticized this change as replacing an unsubstantiated dichotomic with an unsubstantiated dimensional model. The same was the case with the change from DSM-II to DSM-III: Torgersen criticized here that the heterogeneous diagnosis of neurotic depression was basically replaced by the similarly heterogeneous diagnosis of major depression. The underlying rationale behind the omission of the traditional diagnosis of neurotic depression in the new glossaries must be seen in the critical contributions of such renowned researchers as Winokur, Klerman and Akiskal during the 60's and 70's of the last century. The present work compares these exclusively phenomenological approaches to classification with a psychodynamic approach, and the author defends the possibility of operationalizing such an attempt as validly as a mere descriptive one. This view is supported by the successful work of a group of German scientists in promoting the OPD (operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics) system. Operationalizable elements are not only to be found in the critics' own contributions, but in recent empirical studies on dysthymia and the other subsequent diagnoses as well. An operationalized and verifiable diagnosis of neurotic depression would have to go far beyond the two main criteria of the ICD-9 (psychoreactive genesis, exclusion of psychosis) and include new insights and perspectives; this, however, is considered feasible. It must be recognized that there is no place in the prevailing diagnostic scene for such a diagnostic construct. Perhaps with time diagnostic modes will change, as has often been the case in the past.
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PMID:[Neurotic depression--a disease without a diagnosis or a diagnosis without a glossary? ]. 1457 2

Depression is a common disorder in older people. It is usually undiagnosed in elder patients due to atypical symptoms, masked depressive state, mixed with agitation, psychotic delusions and worsening of physical symptoms already present or multiple pains in extremities. It is a very common associated comorbidity with patients of all disciplines--as in post CVA state or postmyocardial infarction, postoperative state, posthysterectomy or in recovery state of various medical disorders, even in a viral influenza, or in a metabolic medical disorder like diabetes mellitus. Author has studied and analysed 120 patients in different wards of Midnapore Medical College & Hospital and some others usually referred by other physicians at OPD and have found high incidence of depression and a marked improvement of symptoms after a short period of treatment.
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PMID:Depression in older people: a point to remember in all specialties. 1588 24

Depression is one of the commonest psychiatric disorders among the elderly patients attending the outpatient department of the tertiary care hospital. The consequence of unrecognized and untreated depression in the elderly population may include excessive use of health care services, decreased treatment compliance and increased morbidity and mortality related to underlying medical illness and from suicide. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of depression according to Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and to find out the association of GDS with ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD-10 DCR) among older adults in the Nepalese population. A study group of 100 elderly patients aged 65 years and above were randomly selected from the psychiatry, medicine and general practice outpatient departments of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal. MMSE scale is administered and the patients scoring more then 24 were administered the GDS and clinical diagnosis was made according to ICD-10 DCR. 53.2% of the samples were found to experience depressive illness according to GDS which includes 34.2% of mild and 19% of severe depression. 83.3% of the patients diagnose with probable depression with GDS were also diagnose clinically with ICD-10 DCR (p<0.001). This study concludes that significant number of elderly patients attending OPD of tertiary care hospital suffers from depression and GDS is a reliable tool to screen depression in the Nepalese patients.
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PMID:Study of depression among geriatric population in Nepal. 1735 35

This paper reports on a nurse's experience helping alleviate psychosomatic symptoms in a psychiatric outpatient suffering from depression. It was found that the OPD patient had been suffering from depression as well as long-time tension and pain. Between April 10th and July 24th, 2008, the author employed holistic nursing assessment and collected data through both observation and interview. Three major care problems were identified, including ineffective individual coping, chronic pain, and sleep disturbance. Focusing nursing care on relaxation techniques and biofeedback, the author discussed the problems with the patient and then implemented relaxation training and biofeedback training sessions as well as nursing care plans, which averaged 45~60 minutes per time for 8 times. Sessions included interviews, relaxation techniques (e.g., progressive muscular relaxation, meditative relaxation, meditation, music and abdominal breathing) and visual feedback measured by a biofeedback device with a thermistor sensor. During sessions, the patient was clearly motivated to change and participated actively. Furthermore, the patient not only became gradually aware of both the inner feeling of relaxation and etiology of psychosomatic symptoms, but also learned relaxation strategies for coping with life stressors. After therapy, the patient's self-control over relaxation had improved considerably and care problems were resolved satisfactorily. Also, the patient could increasingly incorporate relaxation into daily life routines.
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PMID:[The application of relaxation techniques and biofeedback to an outpatient with depression disorder: a nurse's experience]. 1995 63

This analysis describes the diagnosis and psychiatric treatment modalities of 6 patients (5 women, 1 man; mean age 28.5 years) of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), who presented to the Psychiatry OPD over a period of one year. The mean number of episodes was 2.83. Premorbid personality traits, clinical presentation, urine colour and urinary porphobilinogen titre were recorded. Among the 6 patients, 4 had abdominal pain, 5 had autonomic instability, all 6 had mental symptoms, 3 had depression, 2 came in delirium, and 3 had an episode of seizure.
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PMID:An analysis of six cases of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). 2084 51

One hundred patients were selected from the cardiology outpatient department by non-probability purposive method. Each patient was evaluated by a psychiatrist and a consultant cardiologist The informations were recorded in a self designed proforma. The Hindi version of Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire and modified adjective check list for type A and type B personality characteristics were administered. Seventy five percent of the patients were having psychiatric problems. The cardiac patients were having psychiatric problems. The cardiac patients were having predominantly type A personality characteristics. Panic disorder was the predominant diagnosis in the psychiatric patients and depression was the main diagnosis in cardiac patients. These patients presented with complaints of chest pain, palpitation, ghabarahat, weakness, increased sweating, hot and cold flushes, choking, breathlessness, decreased appetite.etc.in cardiac OPD.
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PMID:Psychiatric morbidity among patients attending cardiac opd. 2140 82

The study was undertaken to find out correlation, if any, between severity of depression and suicidal intent communication and its relation to age, marital status, duration of iilness, previous admission in a psychiatric hospital in patients of depression diagnosed using criteria of ICD-IX category codes F31.3, F31.4, F31.5, F32 and F33. Sample consisted of 30 patients from the OPD of Agra Mansik Arogyashala. The Hamilton Rating Scale for depression was used to measure severity of depression and suicidal intent questionnaire was used to assess suicidal intent communication. A positive correlation between severity of depression, being married, being male, being employed, being ex-mental hospital patient, duration of illness being more than one month and age being less than or equal to 35 years was found. Further research in this area is required.
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PMID:Expression of suicidal intent in depressives. 2140 33

There has been considerable research on the influence of the lunar cycle on mental illness with conflicting findings. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between full moon (FM), new moon (NM), and other moon (OM) days and the frequency of specific psychiatric disorders in patients seen at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Goa and to examine relationships with eclipses. Analysis of all new patients in two calendar years (1997 & 1993) was carried out. Diagnoses of interest were : Non affective psychoses; depression; and mania. The numbers of new patients seen at the OPD of the Institute of Psychiatry & Human Behaviour, Goa, with these diagnoses were compared between FM, NM and OM days. Numbers of patients with these diagnoses on eclipse days (lunar/solar) were also examined. A significant trend was observed for greater numbers of patients with non-affective psychoses on FM days, but no pattern was observed for mania or depression. The excess of non-affective psychoses was more marked on days of a visible lunar eclipse. A relationship between FM and non-affective psychoses has been demonstrated. Its implications for further research and the potential mechanism to explain these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Lunar phase and psychiatric illness in goa. 2145 55


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