Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tracheobronchial, mesenterial and inguinal lymph nodes of 15 mature rabbits which were subjected to inhalation of valatile products of fluoroplast destruction were studied. The action of this drug for 1-40 days activated the reactive centers of follicles. The amount of blasts, plasmic cells, eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes increased in regional tracheobronchial and distant mesenterial lymph nodes. The prolonged action during 120 days resulted in decreased blasto- and lymphopoesis in the regional tracheobroncheal lymph nodes, depression of the reticular epithelium, suppression of the phagocytic and plasm cell reactions, decreased nucleic metabolism in the cells. Mesenterial lymph nodes retained their functions. The lymphopoesis in them and nucleic metabolism in the cells were intensified. The blastic, plasmic cell, eosinophilic and mast cell reactions were well pronounced.
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PMID:[Changes in the lymph nodes of rabbits following application of the breakdown products of fluoroplast]. 13 96

Mangostin (M), a naturally occurring xanthone in the rinds of the fruits of Garcinia mangostana Linn. (Guttiferae) and its derivatives such as 3-0-methyl mangostin (MM), 3,6-di-O-methyl mangostin (DM), 1-isomangostin (IM), mangostin triacetate (MT), mangostin 3,6-di-O-(tetra acetyl) glucoside (MTG) and mangostin-6,6-di-O-glucoside (MOG) were screened for various pharmacological effects in experimental animals. With the exception of DM all the test compounds produced CNS depression characterised by ptosis, sedation, decreased motor activity, potentiation of pentobarbital sleeping time and ether anaesthesia in mice and rats. None of the compounds exhibited analgesic, antipyretic and anticonvulsant effects. With the exception of MOG, none of the test compounds produced significant effects on the cardiovascular system of frogs and dogs. MOG produced myocardial stimulation and a rise in blood pressure which was partially blocked by propranolol. M, IM and MT produced pronounced antiinflammatory activity both by intraperitoneal and oral routes in rats as tested by carrageenininduced hind paw oedema, cotton pellet implantation and granuloma pouch techniques. Antiinflammatory activity for M, IM and MT was observed even in bilaterally adrenalectomised rats. M, IM and MT did not produce any mast cell membrane stabilising effect and the degranulation effect of polymyxin B, diazoxide and Triton X-100 on rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro was not prevented. M, IM and MT did not alter the prothrombin time of albino rats. M alone produced significant antiulcer activity in rats.
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PMID:Pharmacological profile of mangostin and its derivatives. 31 90

The mechanism of action of a carboxypeptidase inhibitor from potatoes has been probed by studying its interaction with derivatives of carboxypeptidase A containing modified residues at the active site. Arsanilazocarboxypeptidase A, a derivative containing a chromophore attached to tyrosine 248, exhibits a circular dichroism spectrum which is sensitive to the presence of ligands at the active site (Kagan, H.M., and Vallee, B.L. (1969), Biochemistry 8, 4223). Since the spectral change attending binding of the carboxypeptidase inhibitor to arsanilazocarboxypeptidase A is similar to that produced by small substrates and inhibitors, the enzyme-inhibitor interaction also involves the enzyme active site. Catalytic activity is not required for inhibitor binding. Complexes of the inhibitor with apocarboxypeptidase A anc carboxypeptidase A which was inactivated by treatment with the affinity label, N-bromoacetyl-N-methyl-L-phenylalanine, are demonstrated by gel filtration experiments. Morever, competitive binding studies reveal that the latter derivative, in which the binding pocket is presumably blocked by reagent, binds inhibitor nearly as strongly as does the native enzyme, and differences in free energy of association being only 0.4 kcal/mol of a total binding energy of - 11 kcal/mol. A model is proposed to account for both the tight binding of inhibitor to the N-bromoacetyl-N-methyl-L-phenylalanine derivative and the involvement of the active site of arsanilazocarboxypeptidase A. It is suggested that the inhibitor fits into a shallow depression at the active site of the enzyme but does not penetrate into the binding pocket.
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PMID:Carboxypeptidase inhibitor from potatoes. Interaction with derivatives of carboxypeptidase A. 93 26

Previously we have reported that rodent mast cells synthesize the mRNA encoding the alpha and beta integrin chains (alpha 4, beta 1 and beta 7) of the lymphocyte Peyer's patch adhesion molecule (LPAM)-1 and LPAM-2 lymphocyte homing receptors, and that they possess an alpha 4-containing integrin complex on their cell surface. In this report, we have examined the expression of these integrin chain genes by mature connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) and by bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) differentiated from bone marrow precursor cells in the presence of interleukin (IL)-3 and/or the c-kit ligand (also known as mast cell growth factor and stem cell growth factor). High levels of both the beta 7 and beta 1 transcripts were present in mature CTMC while those encoding the alpha 4 chain were absent. Similarly, when BMMC were grown in IL-3 for 28 days and analyzed for integrin chain transcripts, those specific for the alpha 4 chain were also diminished compared to beta 7 and beta 1 transcripts. To compare the expression of these integrin genes during mucosal mast cell and CTMC development, BMMC were derived in the presence of IL-3 alone, c-kit alone, or IL-3/c-kit together. These experiments indicated that c-kit inhibited the transcription of the beta 7 and Fc epsilon RI genes while enhancing alpha 4 transcript levels. The enhancement of alpha 4 levels, however, was abrogated with the addition of IL-3. Similarly, the c-kit-induced depression of beta 7 and Fc epsilon RI transcript levels was overcome by the addition of IL-3. These data suggest that the integrin complexes synthesized by the mast cells may differ depending upon their path of differentiation and that another alpha chain integrin may be synthesized to complex with the beta 7 and/or beta 1 chains.
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PMID:Modulation of integrin expression during mast cell differentiation. 138 93

SK&F 101926 is a synthetic octapeptide which was designed to promote free water excretion by antagonizing the action of antidiuretic hormone. The clinical and pathologic changes in rats resulting from lethal doses of SK&F 101926 have suggested that death is associated with respiratory failure and/or cardiovascular collapse. To define the relationships between respiratory failure, cardiovascular collapse, and death, respiratory and cardiovascular parameters were monitored in anesthetized rats following the intravenous administration of SK&F 101926 at a dosage (3 mg/kg) which resulted in 70% mortality. Within 5 min after receiving this dosage, mean arterial blood pressure was reduced to values between 30 and 40 mm Hg in all rats. This degree of hypotension was well tolerated by some rats and, consequently, was not considered to be the cause of death. Deaths occurred between 9 and 58 min after dosing and were preceded by respiratory depression involving marked reductions in respiratory rate and the lack of compensatory increases in tidal volume. At the time of respiratory arrest, heart rates remained above 200 beats/min, mean arterial blood pressure remained between 30 and 40 mm Hg, and there were no consistent changes in dynamic lung compliance or total pulmonary resistance. Pretreatment of rats with a mast cell stabilizing agent (disodium cromoglycate), a mast cell degranulating agent (compound 48/80), or a histamine/5-hydroxytryptamine blocking agent (cyproheptadine) prevented the reductions in respiratory rate and death caused by SK&F 101926. These pretreatments also reduced the effect of SK&F 101926 on blood pressure, but were not able to completely prevent the hypotension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Respiratory and cardiovascular changes associated with toxic doses of a peptide antagonist of vasopressin in the rat. 160 Dec 32

The possible development of type-1 hypersensitivity reactions in the abomasal mucosa caused by soluble L3 products of Ostertagia ostertagi was studied in 4-month-old calves sensitized by repeated exposure to L3 over a 50-day period followed by anthelmintic treatment. Four groups each of 4 calves were used. Group 1 served as nonsensitized controls and group 2 as sensitized controls, group 3 was challenge exposed at 2-week intervals beginning at week 10 with a soluble L3 product (OAG), and group 4 was challenge exposed at 2-week intervals with an oral dose of L3, followed by anthelmintic treatment 3 days later. All calves infected with L3 became sensitized, as indicated by a positive reaction to an intradermal skin test. However, a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis was only partly effective in indicating the presence of homocytotropic antibody in the infected calves. Sensitized calves had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher eosinophil counts and plasma pepsinogen values for the entire 14 weeks than uninfected controls. Globule leukocyte and mast cell counts from the abomasal mucosa were also significantly (P less than 0.05) higher. Studies for possible immunomodulation revealed that lymphocyte counts decreased between every 2-week challenge-exposure period for groups-3 and -4 calves. A transient depression of blood lymphocyte (BL) responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a T-cell mitogen, was observed over the first 8 weeks in the infected calves. Increases in BL responses to OAG were also observed. Differences were not observed in BL responses to pokeweed mitogen, a T- and B-cell mitogen. Blood lymphocyte responses to PHA in group-3 calves were low following the initial challenge exposure with OAG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Adverse immune reactions and the pathogenesis of Ostertagia ostertagi infections in calves. 233 87

Five mouse strains, CBA/J, BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, A/J, and C57Bl/6J-bg-bg, all showed similar expulsion kinetics for Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (infective dose = 500 L3). Typically, parasite recovery was maximal on day 2 in the lungs and by day 4 in the small intestine. Few worms (less than 5% infective dose) were recovered on day 14 in all strains. These same mouse strains exhibited immune depression on day 5 of infection with mesenteric lymph node cells (MLN) showing reduced (10-30% normal) IgM, IgG, and IgA responses against heterologous antigen. The intestinal mast cell numbers and tissue histamine levels were examined in CBA/J mice. Mast cell numbers increased (normal = less than 1/villous crypt unit; VCU) from day 5 and peaked on day 12 (greater than 15/VCU). Intestinal histamine levels did not completely correlate with mast cell numbers with maximum concentrations (240 +/- 73 ng/g, 2-fold over normal) reached by day 8. Histamine concentrations in the intestine returned to normal levels by day 20.
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PMID:Characterization of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in different strains of mice. 235 68

The presentation, evolution, and treatment of two cases of intraoperative allergic reactions are described. In each case, the offending agent was felt to be hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a synthetic polymer colloid solution used for intravascular volume expansion. Symptoms included urticaria, angioedema, and hypotension in the first patient, and urticaria, hypoxia, and haemoconcentration in the second patient. Both patients had earlier received multiple drugs and/or blood products. However, HES administration in both patients immediately produced allergic symptomatology. The first patient had concurrent depression of serum total complement levels (CH50) and no elevation of plasma histamine levels, which suggested a complement-mediated reaction to HES. Levels of CH50 and histamine were not obtained from the second patient. Direct stimulation of mast cell degranulation by the offending agent, complement activation, or conventional antigen-antibody interaction in a previously exposed patient may initiate intraoperative allergic reactions. Anaesthesia personnel should be aware of the risk of intraoperative allergic reactions to HES and be prepared to treat them rapidly and effectively.
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PMID:Intraoperative allergic reactions to hydroxyethyl starch: a report of two cases. 242 78

Mice exposed to primary infections with the parasite intestinal nematode Nematospiroides dubius failed to show the mucosal mast cell (MMC) response which is characteristic of infections with other species of intestinal nematode and which was readily induced in these mice by infections with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Trichinella spiralis. The failure to generate a mucosal mastocytosis was independent of host strain or sex. When infections with N. dubius were established before, or concurrently with, T. spiralis or N. brasiliensis, the MMC response elicited by these species was delayed and/or depressed as was expulsion of the worms themselves. Infection with N. dubius given when a MMC response was already established, by exposure to T. spiralis, had no effect on MMC numbers. The possibility that the effects of N. dubius upon MMC responses reflect a lack of mastocytopoietic potential, rather than an active interference, was excluded by showing that SJL mice, which expel primary infections with N. dubius and express strong immunity to reinfection, developed marked mastocytosis during secondary infections. The depression of MMC responses by N. dubius is discussed in relation to the known immunosuppressive properties of this parasite and in relation to the T cell mediated control of MMC development.
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PMID:Suppression of mucosal mastocytosis by infection with the intestinal nematode Nematospiroides dubius. 357 74

Systemic mastocytosis is a disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of mast cells, and associated with skin lesions, flushing, diarrhea, tachycardia, and psychiatric manifestations. In order to define more clearly the psychiatric manifestations, ten patients with this disorder underwent unstructured psychiatric interviews and a battery of psychologic testing. Both revealed a pattern of cognitive and affective changes in the majority of these patients, best categorized as an atypical or mixed organic brain syndrome. The cognitive changes consisted of diminished attention and memory, and the affective changes of anger, irritability, and, to a lesser extent, depression. These manifestations fluctuated with the level of disease activity, and appeared in some cases to respond to histamine antagonists and disodium cromoglycate, medications used to control the excessive mast cell activity. It is important for psychiatrists to be aware that mental status changes can represent psychiatric manifestations of mastocytosis, a readily treatable medical disorder.
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PMID:Mixed organic brain syndrome as a manifestation of systemic mastocytosis. 374 21


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