Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Factor VII levels have been measured in 100 patients with liver disease following parenteral vitamin K1 therapy. There was good agreement between specific factor VII measurements and the one-stage prothrombin time apart from six patients with compensated cirrhosis in whom the prothrombin time was prolonged despite the presence of normal factor VII levels. A mean activity of 58% was found in patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients with features of hepatic decompensation had a significantly lower mean level of activity (40%) than the "contrast" patients with surgical obstruction of the major bile ducts (93%). Patients with chronic active liver disease had moderate depression of factor VII levels and those with non-cirrhotic liver damage had mean activities similar to the contrast group. Factor VII levels could not be correlated with BSP retention but there was a correlation with serum albumin concentration. It is concluded that the prothrombin time using Quick test with a standardized thromboplastin showing good sensitivity to factor VII, eg, the Manchester reagent (BCT), provides a reliable index of coagulability in chronic liver disease, and specific factor VII assays are not indicated.
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PMID:Factor VII as a marker of hepatocellular synthetic function in liver disease. 100 40

An initial clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde has been carried out in 40 patients at dose levels of 30-4000 mg/m2 for 5 days given intravenously (iv) monthly. At 1.5 g/m2, noncumulative dose-related toxicity occurred in all patients which consisted of nausea and vomiting, local pain, alterations in coagulation mechanism, elevated partial thromboplastin time, and positive Coombs' test. No dose-limiting leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, or bleeding occurred; however, depression of the leukocyte and platelet counts, and decreased hemoglobin value were observed. The dose-limiting toxic effect was renal tubular damage with reversible acute renal failure in one of four patients who received 3000 mg/m2 iv for 5 days. Refractory hypercalcemia was controlled in three of three patients without tumor effect. Responses occurred in patients with seminoma, oat cell carcinoma, and melanoma. A starting dose of 2 g/m2 for 3 days monthly is recommended for phase II trials and a trial in lung carcinoma is now being conducted.
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PMID:Clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde (NSC-118994). 110 41

The objective of this study was to characterize the hemostatic defect in dogs with infectious canine hepatitis (ICH), a naturally occurring viral disease of dogs. Five littermate dogs were inoculated with 10(3) TCID50 of ICH virus intravenously. Two littermates were controls. The clinicopathologic manifestations of ICH were fever, depression, anorexia, hematemesis, melena, widespread mucocutaneous petechiae, prolonged bleeding from venipunctures, faceial edema, leukopenia, and proteinuria. The hemostatic defect of ICH was characterized by thrombocytopenia, abnormal platelet function, prolonged one-stage prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, normal thrombin times, depressed factor VIII activity, and increased fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products. These findings suggested that the central pathologic mechanism of the abnormal hemostasis in ICH was disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). ICH is an example of DIC induced by viral infection. This disease is a suitable model for investigation of the detection, pathogenesis, and therapy of DIC.
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PMID:Infectious canine hepatitis: animal model for viral-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation. 124 23

This study compared the function of reduced grafts prepared in situ or ex vivo and transplanted immediately or after 4 hr of cold storage. Measurements of acid/base balance, plasma electrolytes, albumin, and urea showed no differences between groups. There was no difference between the increase and decline of plasma AST in recipients of grafts transplanted immediately after either ex vivo or in situ reduction; the increase in plasma AST of recipients of stored grafts was up to 10-fold and persisted until the end of the study at 7 days, with some decline. Plasma fibrinogen decreased intraoperatively but levels were restored within 24 hr in all groups; plasma prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were not significantly disturbed. The patterns of decline and return of tissue adenine nucleotides were similar in all groups. While the regenerative response measured by tissue thymidine kinase and mitotic figures was not different between the groups, comparison with results from a group of partially hepatectomized animals showed a 3-4-fold depression in response in reduced liver grafts. The contributions of the effects of ischemia, flushing, and preservation to the depressed regenerative response of reduced liver grafts need to be determined. The present studies suggest however, that with regard to functional assessment, results are not affected either by ex vivo or in situ reduction of the graft, or by cold storage for 4 hr.
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PMID:Ex vivo versus in situ resection of segmental liver grafts in pigs--a comparison in immediate and four-hour-stored grafts. 158 63

The cardiovascular and haematological effects of purified prothrombin activator derived from the venom of the Australian Common Brown Snake (Pseudonaja textilis) were studied in anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated dogs. Severe depression of systemic blood pressure and cardiac output and a rise in central venous pressure were observed. Thrombocytopenia, prolongation of both prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and a reduction in serum fibrinogen were also observed. All of these observed effects were prevented by the prior administration of heparin--a naturally occurring anticoagulant. We conclude that the prothrombin activator in Pseudonaja textilis venom may cause cardiovascular depression due to myocardial dysfunction secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:The cardiovascular and haematological effects of purified prothrombin activator from the common brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) and their antagonism with heparin. 160 37

The recently developed ELISA for the thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) is a sensitive, specific, and simplified means of detecting intravascular coagulation. For further evaluation of the thrombogenicity of a polyamide (P) and a Hemophan (H) hollow-fibre dialyzer a cross-over study was done in ten stable patients on maintenance hemodialysis. At the same doses of heparin (mean bolus of 30 U/kg bw and maintenance doses of 86 U/kg bw), thrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were significantly lower using H. At the end of dialysis TAT was significantly higher in H (mean +/- SEM before HD 3.57 +/- .56, at 240 min 14.9 +/- 6.5 ng/ml, p less than 0.05, Wilcoxon-test) than in P (before HD 4.36 +/- .98, at 240 min 8.95 +/- 3.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.05 H 240 vs. P 240, Wilcoxon-test). Visible clotting was more pronounced in the H filter. Among other favourable features of blood compatibility the polyamide/polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer with a hydrophilic/hydrophobic microdomain structure has less thrombogenicity. The modified cellulosic membrane H has advantages in complement activation and leukocyte depression, but thrombogenicity seems less favourable since the incorporated diethyl-amino-ethyl groups with their positive charge bind and inactivate negatively charged heparin.
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PMID:Formation of thrombin-antithrombin III complex using polyamide and hemophan dialyzers. 163 30

Postoperative pain relief immediately after major surgery cannot be achieved with opioids alone in all patients without respiratory depression or other significant side effects. This investigation was conducted to determine whether the need for opioids and the incidence of side effects can be reduced while maintaining the quality of pain relief using a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug as an adjuvant to an opioid. The analgesic efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia using fentanyl with and without intravenous diclofenac were compared after total hip replacement. Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive either diclofenac 75 mg as an initial intravenous loading dose followed by an infusion of 5 mg per hour or saline in a double-blind fashion. The amount of fentanyl administered was recorded. The patients assessed their pain intensity verbally and on a visual analogue scale at intervals of 4 h. The diclofenac group showed a significant reduction in the amount of fentanyl administered during the first 16 h postoperatively as compared to the placebo group (0.65 mg +/- 0.2 vs. 1.08 mg +/- 0.4 respectively, P less than 0.01), and also reported less pain at 16 h (median score on visual analogue scale 0.75 vs. 2.4 respectively, P less than 0.05)). There were no differences in side effects, postoperative blood loss, plasma activated partial thromboplastin time, or Ivy bleeding time between the groups. In conclusion, the addition of diclofenac led to a reduction in fentanyl requirement but did not have any other significant advantages in the treatment of pain following major orthopedic surgery.
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PMID:Intravenous diclofenac coupled with PCA fentanyl for pain relief after total hip replacement. 173 95

The haematological effects of Brown Snake (Pseudonaja) species (textilis, affinis, nuchalis) were studied in anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated dogs. Marked thrombocytopenia, depletion of serum fibrinogen and prolonged prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, were recorded at 5 to 10 and 30 to 40 minutes after intravenous envenomation. Fibrin degradation products were not elevated. Because these haematological effects occurred simultaneously with cardiovascular depression (previously reported), we postulate that hypotension sometimes observed in human envenomation may be due to intravascular coagulation with myocardial ischaemia.
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PMID:Studies on Australian snake venoms, Part II: The haematological effects of brown snake (Pseudonaja) species in the dog. 176 99

A rat platelet factor has a high antiheparin activity. It also decreases nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity of normal rat plasma and antithrombin III-heparin complex. The platelet factor 4 formed inactive complexes with heparin in molar ratios of 1:1 and 2:1. Intravenous injection of the platelet factor 4 before injection of albino rats with tissue thromboplastin prevented the reaction of anticoagulation system inactivated the synthesis of endogenous thrombin. This effect is accompanied by high hypercoagulation and depression of nonenzymatic fibrinolysis in blood.
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PMID:[The antiheparin thrombocyte factor 4 and its interaction with heparin]. 207 38

Expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), tissue factor (TF), and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 beta) mRNA was evaluated in monocytes isolated from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There was a significant depression (66%) of the induced level of TF mRNA expression in response to lipopolysaccharide. Conversely, the response of TNF alpha and IL-1 beta, following LPS induction, was "normal." TF mRNA reduction was also observed to a lesser degree in AIDS-related complex patients (20%) but not in asymptomatic seropositives. TF is necessary for initiation of the coagulation protease cascade, leading to thrombin production and fibrin deposition, which play a role in inflammatory responses. Its selective reduction may be a factor in the diminished resistance to secondary infections observed in AIDS. Further, since the TF defect increases as patients progress toward AIDS, it may serve as a marker for disease progression.
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PMID:A selective defect in tissue factor mRNA expression in monocytes from AIDS patients. 229 2


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