Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The recently developed Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was used to examine personality correlates in women diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The hypotheses were that the TPQ scores, specifically harm avoidance (HA), would be higher in PMS subjects than in the general population but lower than in depressed populations because major mood disorder is an exclusion from the PMS diagnosis; harm avoidance would have the strongest association with PMS, but other TPQ factors might characterize nondysphoric subgroups in the PMS population. The sample included 157 women who sought medical treatment and met clearly defined criteria for PMS. Two comparison groups of age-matched women with major depression (MDD, N = 20) and premenstrual exacerbation of major depression (MDD + PMS, N = 24) were also evaluated. TPQ scores were significantly higher for PMS subjects on all three dimensions compared with external normative TPQ data. The TPQ dimensions of HA and novelty seeking (NS) were modestly correlated with the premenstrual symptom scores. The HA dimension correlated with premenstrual depression and physical aches; high NS scores correlated with premenstrual food cravings, headache, and mood swings. As hypothesized, the HA scores were significantly higher in the comparison groups diagnosed with major depression; the NS and reward dependence (RD) dimensions did not differ between the PMS and MDD groups. PMS was associated with only modest nonnormative personality correlates, as assessed by the TPQ. Elevations of the HA and NS dimensions were associated with a tendency for the PMS to present with specific symptom patterns: depressive symptoms for the HA factor and food cravings and mood swings for the NS factor. Further research employing other assessment methods is needed to confirm these findings.
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PMID:Personality factors in women with premenstrual syndrome. 855 36

1. Major depressive disorder is recognized by different, frequently recurring patterns of signs and symptoms that are suggestive of specific subtypes of the disorder, including melancholic, atypical, and psychotic. 2. MDD occurs at younger ages, twice as frequently in women, in conjunction with other psychiatric disorders, in persons with a family history of mood disorders, and is associated with high use of medical services. 3. Research on the biological basis of depression has focused on neurotransmission, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and genetic transmission. 4. Advances in understanding MDD have important implications for nursing assessment, diagnosis, outcome planning, intervention, and evaluation with depressed clients.
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PMID:Advances in understanding major depressive disorder. 858 28

We assessed the prognostic utility of the TRH stimulation test by examining (a) the relationship between pre-treatment delta TSH and acute response to fluoxetine treatment, and (b) the relationship between the change in delta TSH (delta delta TSH value) after repeated TRH testing at 6 weeks of fluoxetine treatment and long-term outcome during maintenance fluoxetine or placebo therapy. 43 MDD patients were studied with sequential TRH tests at 6-week intervals. Fluoxetine 'responders' were defined as patients with a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score < or = 7 by week 9 of treatment and who remained in remission at least 3 additional weeks. These subjects were then randomized to one of four fluoxetine/placebo treatment groups and long-term outcome assessed. Overall, there was no difference in the mean pre-treatment delta TSH values between acute fluoxetine responders and nonresponders. Moreover, we observed similar delta delta TSH values in patients who maintained long-term remission compared to those who relapsed during maintenance with either fluoxetine or placebo. In contrast to prior reports of an higher delta delta TSH value in long-term remitters, the present observation of similar mean delta delta TSH values patients with long-term remission compared to those who relapsed suggest a limited prognostic utility for the TRH stimulation test in MDD.
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PMID:TRH stimulation test as a predictor of acute and long-term antidepressant response in major depression. 879 Nov 85

We assessed the descriptive validity of DSM-III-R major depression (MDD), dysthymia (DD) and adjustment disorder with depressed mood (ADDM) by comparing the clinical profiles of 176 young male patients. The severity of depression increased progressively across the three diagnostic groups (ADDM < DD < MDD). Symptom presentation did not distinguish clearly between the diagnostic groups, even though somatic symptoms were more frequent among MDD patients. The prevalence of personality disorders was much higher (43%) among DD patients than among MDD (22%) and ADDM (15%) patients. The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts differed in the three diagnostic groups (MDD 27%, DD 17%, ADDM 4%). Assessment of Axis II comorbidity and suicidal behavior can improve the diagnostic distinction between these DSM-III-R depressive illnesses.
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PMID:Symptom profile, Axis II comorbidity and suicidal behaviour in young males with DSM-III-R depressive illnesses. 882 24

Neuroanatomical and physiological imaging provide unprecedented opportunities to examine the biological substrates of major mental disorders such as late life major depression (MDD). Studies using positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) demonstrate focal and global abnormalities in patients with MDD when compared with controls. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows us to examine specific neuroanatomical perturbations in depression and to study the impact of comorbid medical disorders on brain structure and function. These technologies have the potential to provide biological information critical to a better understanding and conceptualization of the neuroscientific basis and treatment of the major mental disorders in late life.
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PMID:Neuroimaging in late-life mood disorders. 905 17

This study examined the relationship between a history of trauma and the features and persistence of major depression (MDD) in patients with anxiety disorders. The study found that, among 408 patients with an anxiety disorder and past or current MDD, those patients who reported a history of trauma had a greater number of previous episodes of major depression than those patients without trauma histories. Also, of 174 patients with an anxiety disorder and current major depression, patients who reported histories of trauma, compared with patients who did not report such experiences, were less likely to remit from MDD over a 5-year period. Results suggest that a history of trauma is a risk factor for chronic depression.
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PMID:Trauma and chronic depression among patients with anxiety disorders. 908 99

In a two-stage epidemiological study 5686 randomly selected 8 to 9-year-old children were screened using the CDI (Children's Depression Inventory), of whom 418 were questioned with the DISC-C1 (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children). According to DSM-III criteria the prevalence of MDD (Major Depressive Disorders) was 0.48% and of DD (Dysthymic Disorder) 0.06%. The prevalence rates did not change when DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria were employed. Fifteen children reported suicidal thoughts but according to DSM-III criteria only 1 of these children was depressed. Duration and frequency of depressive symptoms are essential for making a diagnosis of depressive disorder by the DSM-III, but children's reliability in reporting them is questionable. Omitting the duration and frequency of symptoms from the DSM-III criteria raised the prevalence of MDD to 4.0% and of DD to 2.2%. Eight of the children with suicidal thoughts were depressed. By the adapted DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria the prevalence rate of MDD was 4.0% and of DD 9.7%.
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PMID:Should depression in young school-children be diagnosed with different criteria? 911 42

This study examined gender differences within and between five groups of subjects drawn from a large representative sample of the United States population and classified as having either major depression (MDD) only, alcohol use disorder (AUD) only, or primary, secondary, or concurrent depression to determine if these diagnostic profiles (1) were consistent with those drawn on clinical samples and (2) might suggest potential clinical implications. Respondents (N = 9,985) from a nationally representative survey of the United States population met DSM-IV criteria for classification into these five mutually exclusive groups that were compared within and between groups by gender on the characteristics of each disorder. The results were consistent with those of other studies: (1) gender distributions of AUD and depressive disorder remain almost mirror opposites, and (2) comorbid disorders are more severe than either of the conditions appearing singly. Findings of particular interest were that the synergistic effects of an alcohol and a depressive condition operate equally for both men and women with concurrent depression. This points to the necessity of attending carefully to gender biases when dealing with comorbid conditions, last we fail to take alcoholism in the presence of depression seriously enough in women and vice versa in men. Additionally, women with primary depression are at high risk for suicide and thus may require special attention in the evaluative phase of treatment.
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PMID:Gender differences in DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression as distributed in the general population: clinical implications. 920 77

Refractory or treatments resistant depression in child and adolescent populations is a difficult construct to operationalize currently. To date, only one of the small number of completed double-blind placebo-controlled treatment investigations have not demonstrated a significant effect of antidepressants in comparison to placebo. However, it has been established that child and adolescent MDD is a serious disorder that appears to have clinical continuity with adult affective disorders and is generally of long duration with high rates of recurrence and eventual progression to mania, substance abuse, or other serious psychopathology. In addition, families of children with affective disorders evidence substantial genetic loading with high rates of affective disorders contributing both genetic vulnerability and potential environmental risk as well. There have been no empirically identified treatments that alter the long-term course of the illness. Thus treatment resistance is a significant issue for this population. This review will focus on controlled treatment trials and will examine the potential relevance of psychosocial impairment, genetic-familial risk, and neuromorphometric brain differences to treatment resistance in children and adolescents with major depression.
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PMID:Refractory depression in children and adolescents. 933 13

The study was designed to test the efficacy of desipramine in adolescents with major depression (MDD). In addition, we assessed the presence of atypical features of MDD, consisting of mood reactivity and two of four associated features (rejection sensitivity, hyperphagia, hypersomnia, and leaden paralysis). Patients were randomized to desipramine (DMI) or placebo for 6 weeks, provided they failed to improve (e.g., meeting MDD criteria and a Hamilton Depression Scale score > or = 18) after 2 weeks on single blind placebo. Of 94 adolescents (ages 13-18) who were diagnosed as having MDD, 64 entered the study and 62 received placebo for 2 weeks. Of these, 45 were randomized to DMI or placebo. Completed analyses did not reveal significant improvement for the active treatment compared to the placebo. A large proportion of adolescents responded to placebo (50%), suggesting the need for very large samples to detect differential treatment efficacy, should it exist. A relatively high rate of atypical depression was observed (47% in the 64 patients entered). In view of the demonstrated specificity of monoamine oxidase inhibitor efficacy in adults with atypical features of MDD, this clinical subtype may have relevance to future investigation of therapeutic interventions in adolescent MDD.
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PMID:Adolescent depression: controlled desipramine treatment and atypical features. 959 29


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