Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A baby born after a cesarean section experienced transient respiratory depression. The mother had a postsuccinylcholine apnea caused by homozygosity for the atypical allele for serum pseudocholinesterase; the baby was heterozygous for this allele and the usual allele for serum pseudocholinesterase. The possible relationship between the genotype of the baby and the respiratory difficulty at birth is raised.
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PMID:Transient respiratory depression of the newborn. Its occurrence after succinylcholine administration to the mother. 46 36

The effects of oral prednisone on plasma and red blood cell cholinesterases have been studied in human volunteers. While the activity of plasma pseudocholinesterase is depressed by glucocorticoid administration, the activity of red blood cell true cholinesterase is not affected. Cortisol administration to rats, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous, inhibited liver pseudocholinesterase activity, indicating a possible depression of the enzyme protein synthesis.
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PMID:Effect of glucocorticoids on liver and blood cholinesterases. 92 92

Research was conducted upon 28 patients with a diagnosis of endogenous depression after their pharmacological treatment with imipramine or chlorimipramine. The investigation considered the interrelationship between psychophysiological parameters (heart rate, respiration rhythm, postural muscular tension) and the indices of the cholinergic and adrenergic systems (kinetic parameters of choline transport in the blood; Vmax, the activity of plasmic pseudocholinesterase, Che; blood acetylcholinesterase AChE, monoaminoxidase in blood platelets, MAO; and dopamine beta hydroxylase DBH). The results indicate that during relapse of endogenous depression there occurs an imbalance in the cholinergic-adrenergic systems which may be the result of some somatic symptoms typically found in the depression syndrome. The appearance, after pharmacotherapy, of a correlation between the indices of the activity of the cholinergic system with the respiratory rhythm suggest that the part played by the cholinergic mechanism in the regulation of autonomic processes normalizes itself during the course of successful therapy. The appearance of characteristic correlations between the activity of the cholinergic and adrenergic systems and the psychophysiological parameters in the presence of relatively low psychological stress seems to accompany successful treatment with imipramine and chlorimipramine.
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PMID:[Psychophysiological characteristics and metabolic indices of neurotransmitter metabolism in patients ill with endogenous depression]. 130 98

When an automated counting instrument using an esterase stain was employed, decreased monocyte counts were observed in a group of process workers exposed to organophosphate esters. Their monocyte counts were not found to be depressed with manual counting or with an automated counter using another staining method. The apparent depression was transient. In these workers and a comparison group, theoretical adverse consequences of decreased monocyte esterase and also possible changes in other esterases were explored. No anergy was seen with mumps or staphylococcal phage lysate hypersensitivity skin tests. Histology of the mumps reaction was similar in both groups. The depressed monocyte counts were significantly associated with a mild reduction in erythrocyte cell acetylcholinesterase, but no reduction was seen in plasma pseudocholinesterase or lymphocyte neurotoxic esterase.
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PMID:Industrial exposure to organophosphorus compounds. Studies of a group of workers with a decrease in esterase-staining monocytes. 241 79

Eight-month-old Jersey bull calves given ivermectin intravenously or subcutaneously showed signs of depression, ataxia, difficulty in breathing, tachycardia, salivation, diarrhoea, miosis, and an increase in pseudocholinesterase activity. The clinical signs were severe in calves given the drug intravenously. The findings suggest that the cholinergic nervous system may be involved in some of the adverse effects of ivermectin observed in calves.
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PMID:Clinical signs and biochemical changes in calves caused by injection of ivermectin. 271 47

Levels of pseudocholinesterase (PsChe) were measured in 20 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and 20 healthy volunteers. The OCD group had significantly higher PsChe serum activity than in their sex- and age-matched control group. Patients' scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRS-A) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were not correlated with their PsChe levels. The results provide additional support for the observation of higher PsChe levels among anxiety-related psychiatric conditions. However, the relationships among anxiety, depression, and PsChe appear to be complex. The nature and implications of elevated PsChe levels are still unknown.
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PMID:Pseudocholinesterase in obsessive-compulsive patients. 292 46

Cholinergic processes were measured in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) obtained from patients with mania, depression, and schizophrenia. RBC choline levels were elevated in manic patients, and lithium treatment led to a further increase. RBC choline transport was below normal in manic patients, and lithium treatment further reduced choline transport in addition to reducing the apparent affinity for choline. RBC acetylcholinesterase was low in depressed and schizophrenic patients, but not in manic patients, whereas plasma acetylcholinesterase was reduced only in depressed patients. Plasma nonspecific cholinesterase was below normal in all groups of patients. These results indicate unique patterns of differences from controls in the cholinergic system in blood samples from patients with different psychiatric illnesses.
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PMID:Cholinergic processes in blood samples from patients with major psychiatric disorders. 406 16

This study deals with the serum pseudocholinesterase levels of anaesthesiologists and radiologists as compared with those of the general population which has not been exposed to anaesthetic gas traces or radiation. No difference in serum pseudocholinesterase levels was found in any of the three groups studied when compared to each other. In conclusion, anaesthesiologists and radiologists in good physical condition may not present any increased risk of respiratory depression or prolonged apnoea after succinylcholine administration for muscle relaxation, in comparison with the general population which has not been exposed to either anaesthetic gases or radiation.
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PMID:Serum pseudocholinesterase levels in anaesthesiologists and radiologists. 662 Nov 79

Various doses of CBDP (2-(2- methylphenoxy )-4H-1,3,2- benzodioxaphosphorin -2-oxide), a metabolite of tri-o-cresyl phosphate, increased dramatically the acute toxicity of soman ( pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate ) in mice. CBDP (5 mg/kg; iv) reduced the soman LD50 value from 136 micrograms/kg in control to 6.95 micrograms/kg. The potentiation of soman toxicity following CBDP pretreatment appeared to be due primarily to inhibition of plasma aliesterase activity. Inhibition of liver aliesterase was not of primary importance in the potentiation of soman toxicity following CBDP pretreatment. In addition pretreatment with ISO-OMPA ( tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide ), a selective inhibitor of pseudocholinesterase, had no effect on the acute toxicity of soman. Similarly pretreatment of mice with pyridostigmine, a quaternary carbamate anticholinesterase which does not inhibit aliesterase , resulted in marked inhibition of diaphragm, plasma, and brain acetylcholinesterase had no effect on the acute toxicity of soman. Plasma aliesterase may be a depot for soman poisoning. The acute toxicity of soman by the ip, sc, and iv routes of administration was reduced following pretreatment of mice with phenobarbital (100 mg/kg) for 4 days. The reduced toxicity of soman following phenobarbital pretreatment was due to induction of liver aliesterase activity which subsequently resulted in an increase in plasma aliesterase activity. Thus more soman was probably bound to plasma aliesterase activity resulting in a reduction in acute toxicity of soman. Conversely pretreatment of mice with pentobarbital (70 mg/kg; ip) increased the toxicity of soman. This was probably the result of inhibition of plasma aliesterase by pentobarbital pretreatment combined with the central respiratory depression following pentobarbital administration. Following pentobarbital pretreatment soman inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase was increased suggesting that plasma aliesterase inhibition alters the distribution of free soman in vivo. In summary, in mice plasma aliesterase appears to be an extremely important detoxification route for soman in vivo.
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PMID:Role of aliesterase in organophosphate poisoning. 672 16

Organophosphate insecticides may cause serious poisoning either accidentally or by deliberate ingestion. Toxic symptoms are produced by acetylcholine accumulation at cholinergic receptors. Diagnosis is based on history of exposure or ingestion, symptoms and signs of cholinergic overactivity and a decrease in serum pseudocholinesterase levels. Following diagnosis, grading of disease severity may identify patients with serious poisoning who should receive treatment in intensive care using adequate doses of anticholinergic drugs. Complications, particularly ventricular arrhythmias, central nervous system depression or seizures, and respiratory failure, should be anticipated and treated. Relapse may occur after seemingly successful treatment. Public education with regard to symptoms of toxicity must be encouraged, and physicians must provide skilled treatment for a potentially lethal condition.
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PMID:Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning. 801 98


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