Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that myocardial depression occurs during severe pancreatitis, but this evidence is derived from techniques that are not optimal for assessing myocardial contractility (e.g., rate of rise in ventricular pressure [dP/dt]). The slope of the left ventricular (LV) and systolic pressure dimension relationship (Ees), a better indicator of myocardial function, has not been measured in pancreatitis. Ten mongrel dogs underwent surgical instrumentation to monitor systemic arterial and LV pressure, cardiac output, LV dP/dt, and anterior LV wall thickness. End of systole was defined by the peak negative dP/dt. The end-systolic points used to calculate Ees were obtained by aortic and vena caval occlusion. After surgical recovery, pancreatitis was induced via cannulation of the pancreatic duct and injection of autologous bile (1 ml/kg) at 200 mm Hg perfusion pressure. All measurements were taken during a control period and daily after pancreatitis was induced. Pancreatitis was confirmed by a significant increase in serum amylase throughout the study and by autopsy finding of hemorrhagic necrosis. Ees was increased throughout the experimental protocol (1 to 7 days) (p less than 0.05). Myocardial performance as assessed by Ees was significantly increased and myocardial depression did not occur in untreated, conscious dogs with severe pancreatitis. Peak positive LV dP/dt was a poor index of contractility during pancreatitis since it decreased while myocardial contractility was increased. Cardiac depression in pancreatitis noted in other reports was likely due to decreased preload and not to intrinsic cardiac dysfunction.
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PMID:Myocardial depression during acute pancreatitis: fact or fiction? 376 95

The effect of duodenal infusion of trypsin, amylase, lipase and bile on pancreatic enzyme secretion was studied in conscious rats surgically prepared with bile-pancreatic fistulae. Trypsin infusion resulted in a depression of the secretory volume and protein and trypsinogen output. All these effects were reversed after additional infusion of trypsin inhibitor. Infusion of amylase or lipase in doses comparable to those of trypsin did not influence the secretory volume, protein or enzyme output. Likewise, intraduodenal bile infusion to rats with diverted bile-pancreatic juice did not change these parameters; also in rats with trypsin reinfused into the duodenum, bile infusion was without effect.
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PMID:Effects of intraduodenal amylase, lipase, trypsin, and bile on pancreatic enzyme secretion in the rat. 616 44

Recent controlled clinical trials have documented the development of acute pancreatitis in 5% of patients receiving azathioprine for Crohn's disease, by far the highest incidence of drug-induced pancreatitis recorded to date. In an effort to evaluate the effects of azathioprine on the pancreas, the isolated ex vivo perfused canine pancreas model was used. No significant changes in gross appearance, weight, or serum amylase occurred in azathioprine-treated glands compared to controls. Azathioprine administration, however, resulted in a significant increase in secretory volume (two fold) and bicarbonate output (two fold), and a profound depression of trypsin output compared to controls. These preliminary studies demonstrate that azathioprine has marked effect on pancreatic function in this model.
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PMID:Azathioprine and acute pancreatitis: studies with an isolated perfused canine pancreas. 618 63

Pancreatic content of lipase, amylase, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and protein was studied in suckling and weaned mice at different ages. Protein content in pancreatic tissue was low at 15 days when compared with 30, 45 and 60 days of age. Specific activities of lipase and chymotrypsinogen were higher at 15 days of age, but chymotrypsinogen was not different at the studied ages post weaning. Amylase exhibited the highest value at 15 days and a marked depression at 30 days, and trypsinogen specific activity was not different between the studied groups. The present study demonstrates an age dependent enzyme pattern in mouse pancreas and reflects an active biosynthetic mechanism in suckling mice.
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PMID:Development of pancreatic hydrolases in inbred mice. 619 46

The effect of intraduodenal trypsin activity on pancreatic exocrine secretion was studied in conscious Syrian golden hamsters provided with bile-pancreatic fistulae. The secretion (secretory volume, amylase and protein output) was stable during a collection period of 14 h without any duodenal infusions. Infusion into the duodenum of bicarbonate or bile did not affect the secretion. When, however, bile-pancreatic juice or trypsin was administered intraduodenally, a marked depression of amylase and protein output was found. After addition of trypsin inhibitor--in a dose sufficient to eliminate all trypsin activity--to either of the two infusates the secretion was restored to the initial values. In a long-term experiment (10 days) repeated subcutaneous injections of cholecystokinin caused a significant increase of pancreatic protein and amylase content in the hamster. Oral trypsin inhibitor administration for 10 days had similar, although not so pronounced effects. Subcutaneous secretin administration was without effect in this respect. The results show that pancreatic enzyme secretion in the Syrian golden hamster is controlled by a negative feedback regulation exerted by intraluminal trypsin. The findings also suggest that both cholecystokinin and orally administered trypsin inhibitor exert trophic effects on the pancreas.
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PMID:Regulatory effects on the pancreas of intraduodenal pancreatic juice and trypsin in the Syrian golden hamster. 620 95

1. Raw soya-bean meal (RS) was fractionated into soya-bean lyophilized extract (SLE), soya-bean lyophilized residue (SLR), acid-precipitated proteins (APP) and whey proteins. 2. Trypsin (EC 3. 4. 21. 4)and chymotrypsin (EC 3. 4. 21.1) inhibitors (TI) were soluble at pH 8 and remained soluble after the extract was acidified to pH 4.4 Except for whey, heating abolished, almost totally, their inhibiting activity. 3. Feeding SLE diet (high TI content) and APP diet (low TI content) resulted in growth depression below the RS level. Feeding the SLR diet resulted in an optimal growth. Feeding diets containing heated fractions improved the growth rate though not to the level observed with heated RS (HS) diet. 4. RS, SLE, APP and whey diets produced similar pancreatic enlargement which could be totally (RS, whey) or partially (SLE, APP) abolished by heating. 5. Feeding the RS diet reduced pancreatic amylase content. The factor responsible for this effect cofractionated with SLE and whey proteins. 6. Two groups of factors in the various diets were probably responsible for the elevation in pancreatic proteases. The first group were the heat-labile factors present in RS, SLE and whey whereas the second group resisted the heat treatment and were found in APP and SLR. 7. The results suggest that for optimal growth rate of rats, heat treatment should be given to the unfractionated soya-bean proteins rather than to the isolated fractions. The results further indicated that TI are not the only factors that can lead to pancreatic enlargement and changes in pancreatic enzymes composition.
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PMID:The effect of dietary raw and autoclaved soya-bean protein fractions on growth, pancreatic enlargement and pancreatic enzymes in rats. 719 36

beta-adrenergic stimulation of glycoprotein secretion was shown to be decreased in submandibular glands of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) mice. The defective response was partially restored by the methylxanthine, IBMX or cpt-cyclic AMP. Cholinergic stimulation of pancreatic amylase secretion was not affected in CF mice, demonstrating that this is not a generalised depression of protein secretion. The data are the first to show that the CF mouse mimics the protein secretion defect in CF human submandibular cells and that the mechanism of correction of the CF defect is via elevation of cyclic AMP. The results are therefore invaluable towards devising a rational pharmaceutical therapy for CF patients.
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PMID:Decreased beta-adrenergic stimulation of glycoprotein secretion in CF mice submandibular glands: reversal by the methylxanthine, IBMX. 748 8

The effect of repeated oral administration of prostaglandin analogue (dmPGE2) on intestinal macromolecular transport and digestive enzymes development were investigated in the suckling rats. By the administration of dmPGE2 for 7 days, precocious induction of maltase activity, depression of amylase activity and enhancement of trypsin activity in the pancreas occurred. Absorption of bovine IgG was dose dependently depressed by dmPGE2 treatments. The intestinal cessation was also observed in the adrenalectomized pups, but was not influenced by difluoromethyl ornithine administration. These results suggest that oral administration of PGE2 induces precocious maturation of the small intestine and exocrine pancreas and that the intestinal cessation is not directly related to ornithine decarboxylase activity in the suckling rats.
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PMID:Precocious cessation of intestinal macromolecular transport and digestive enzymes development by prostaglandin E2 in suckling rats. 752 52

Day-old male meat-type chicks were fed a commercial starter diet supplemented with 2 levels of enzyme preparations containing amylase and proteases up to 14 d of age. Enzyme supplementation had no significant effect on feed intake or growth rate, and was accompanied by a significant decrease in gizzard content and small intestine weight. The intestine contents increased and this increase was accompanied by a significant decrease in its pH. Enzyme supplementation depressed the activity of chymotrypsin in the pancreas and the activity of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the intestinal contents. Some carry-over effects were observed on d 42, 4 weeks after the cessation of the enzyme supplements. These were mainly a significant depression in the activity of trypsin in the intestinal contents. In a balance study, diets supplemented with 0,250 and 1,000 micrograms/kg enzyme preparations were supplied. Exogenous enzyme supplements had no significant effect on the digestibility of all the nutrients studied except for the highest level of enzyme supplementation, which improved slightly but consistently the digestibility of amino acids. Some age effects were observed, mainly a decrease in the digestibility of fat and starch, and in the ME of the diet from weeks 1 to 2 followed by an increase during week 3. Protein digestibility and retention of nitrogen decreased with age.
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PMID:Effect of age and exogenous amylase and protease on development of the digestive tract, pancreatic enzyme activities and digestibility of nutrients in young meat-type chicks. 753 5

The effect of stunting syndrome (SS) on young broilers induced by orally administering an inoculum prepared from intestines of SS-affected broiler chicks was studied in two experiments. Depression of growth, feed intake, and feed utilization, respectively, was negatively related to the age of inoculation, i.e., highest at posthatch inoculation (63, 57, and 61%), and intermediate at the ages of 3 (42, 45, and 50%) and 7 d (29, 34, and 53%), whereas at the age of 14 d inoculation was ineffectual and the inoculated chicks performed similarly to the naive controls. Eating behavior was determined by periodically recording the number of chicks in each treatment group exhibiting this behavior, i.e., pecking mash in the feeder or pecking the litter. Eating activity was much higher in inoculated chicks (about 20 to 24%) than in the naive controls (6 to 12%) and as with performance negatively related to the age of inoculation. In chicks inoculated at the age of 14 d, eating activity was quite similar to that of the naive control chicks. Noninoculated chickens raised in the same room as their inoculated counterparts were infected by the disease agents. In some respects the consequences of horizontal infection were similar to those observed in inoculated chicks, i.e., depressed feed intake, growth, and feed utilization and a heavier heart, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, intestine, and gastrointestinal contents. In contrast, the activities of the pancreatic digestive enzymes were more similar to those of the naive controls than to those of the inoculated groups. At the age of 14 d, activities of amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase in the pancreas were lower in the inoculated than in the naive control birds. At the age of 21 d, the results were reversed and activity in the inoculated birds was higher than in the naive control birds. During both periods, the activity of pancreatic lipase was higher in the naive controls than in the inoculated birds. The hyperactivity estimated via a determination of eating activity suggests that SS is an affliction not only of digestion but also of metabolism.
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PMID:Stunting syndrome in broilers: physical, physiological, and behavioral aspects. 789 11


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