Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary zinc excretion normally plays a minor role in zinc homeostasis; however, urinary zinc excretion is markedly elevated after trauma or surgery, and mechanism(s) for this zinc loss are poorly defined. In this study we evaluated multiple potential mechanisms for increased urinary zinc excretion in patients with thermal injury. We documented that patients with severe thermal injury had markedly elevated urinary zinc excretion. Above 20% total body surface area burn, however, the severity of thermal injury did not correlate with urinary zinc excretion. Serum zinc concentrations were depressed on initial evaluation and gradually increased during the hospital course, whereas peak urinary zinc excretion occurred 2 to 5 weeks after injury. Thus the depression in serum zinc concentration did not temporally relate to the observed pattern of hyperzincuria. Increased urinary zinc excretion also did not temporally relate to urinary excretion of the amino acids cysteine and histidine (both of which tightly bind zinc) nor to urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion, a marker of muscle breakdown. Urinary amylase excretion, a marker of renal tubular dysfunction, did follow the pattern of urinary zinc loss to some extent, although this correlation was not perfect. Increased oral intake of zinc via zinc supplements resulted in significantly increased urinary zinc excretion. Patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) did not have significantly increased urinary zinc excretion when compared with people receiving their total nutrient intake by mouth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Increased urinary zinc excretion after thermal injury. 174 2

Stimulation of mechanoreceptors of pancreatic main duct's distal portion activated secretion of bicarbonates and depressed secretion of protein, including enzymes, in dogs. Their incretion is increased, at that. The action of novocain on the duct either decreased or abolished the effect of activation and depression of secretion of various types of pancreocytes: the producers of bicarbonates and enzymes. The pancreas secretion from its two ducts was studied, too. Their secret differed by amylo- and lipolytic activity. An increased of the pressure in the main duct was found both to alter the secretion in the area drained through a given duct and to affect the properties of the secret drained through additional duct. The 10 or 15 cm H2O pressure increased the secretion debit of amylase, lipase and proteinase whereas a higher pressure suppressed their secretion. Several contours of the pancreatic secretion self-regulation seem to exist including one spreading from the gland duct system to its glandulocytes. Probable mechanisms of this self-regulation are discussed.
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PMID:[The role of the ductal system in the self-regulation of pancreatic secretion]. 217 40

Thirty-seven pigs were used to evaluate the effects of age and weaning on the level of protease in the gastric mucosa and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the pancreas. There was a positive allometry of the pancreas and gastric mucosa associated with age and with weaning to a solid diet. Increases with age in total activity of chymotrypsin, trypsin, amylase and gastric proteases were due to increases in both tissue weight and enzyme activity per gram of tissue. A general depression in pancreatic enzymatic activities, but not in gastric proteolytic activity, was found during the first week following weaning. Forty pigs were used in a second trial to evaluate the effects of age and weaning diet on the same digestive enzymes. Total activity of all enzymes assayed increased with time postweaning. Increases in total activity of lipase and chymotrypsin were due primarily to increased pancreatic weight postweaning. Amylase, trypsin and gastric protease increases were due both to increased tissue weight and increased activity per gram of tissue. There were no effects of diet on the weight of gastric mucosa or the level of activity of the gastric proteases. Pigs fed a diet containing 20% whey had larger pancreases (P less than .10) at slaughter and a greater, but nonsignificant, mean activity per gram of pancreas for all pancreatic enzymes. It appears that the pig has sufficient pancreatic and gastric enzyme activity so that performance should not be limited, with the possible exception of the period shortly after weaning. However diet digestibility and subsequent pig performance may be more directly related to the extent of release of these enzymes into the intestine and the conditions that exist therein.
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PMID:Effect of age, weaning and diet on digestive enzyme levels in the piglet. 242 84

The role of second messenger calcium in cAMP-mediated exocytosis from parotid cell aggregates has been assessed following extracellular (ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA] and intracellular (quin2) calcium chelation. Only in the former case was inhibition (60-70%) of isoproterenol- and N6,O2-dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated amylase release observed. This inhibition was accompanied by a 70% decrease in cellular ATP levels. Depression of ATP levels with mitochondrial inhibitors was also correlated with inhibition of amylase secretion. Overall, our results suggest that depletion of cellular Ca2+ with EGTA leads to an inhibition of mitochondrial function and that these experimental conditions are therefore inappropriate for the evaluation of the role of cytosolic Ca2+ transients during stimulus-secretion coupling.
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PMID:The inhibition of cyclic AMP-mediated exocytosis from rat parotid cells by calcium chelation is due to depression of cellular ATP. 246 Dec 28

Experiments were conducted to determine the basis of the reduction in tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations by excess dietary zinc (Zn) in chicks fed purified diets. These reductions were preceded by elevations in the Zn concentrations of plasma and pancreas, and in the amylase activity of plasma and by reductions of exportable enzymes of the pancreas. Chicks fed similar levels of Zn as supplements to a non-purified diet showed no such impairments in either exocrine pancreatic function or tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Depression of feed intake and subsequent changes of concentrations of tissue lipid components by excess dietary Zn accounted for only a minor portion of the reduction of tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations were moderately correlated with tissue lipid concentrations. The rate of appearance of radioactivity from an oral dose of all-rac-alpha-tocopherol-[3,4-3H]2 in plasma was reduced by 64% by addition of 500 mg Zn/kg to the purified diet for 2 wk. These results indicate that impaired enteric absorption and/or transport of vitamin E as a consequence of Zn-induced pancreatic insufficiency is a major cause of reduced tissue concentrations of alpha-tocopherol produced by excess dietary Zn.
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PMID:Excess dietary zinc decreases tissue alpha-tocopherol in chicks. 246 40

A 27 year-old alcoholic patient with severe acute pancreatitis (4 Ranson's objective prognostic signs), complained of abdominal pain and vomiting and presented fever and rigors. The plasma was of milky turbidity and the concentration of triglycerides (TG) very high (26 Mmol/l, Normal: 3-1.6). Serum pancreatic amylase was elevated (262 U/l, Normal: 10-200). The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed S-T depression. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography which showed a pancreatic phlegmon and a collection in the left pararenal space (Ranson's grade D). After PE on days 1 and 2: the amylase became normal, plasma clear, TG decreased (7.8 Mmol/l), the clinical picture improved and the ECG normal. Assisted ventilation was necessary over 10 days. Pancreatic morphology remained unchanged. The patient was discharged to intensive care on day 18. There was no indication for surgery. The fast drop in TG levels, the precursors of free fatty acids, may have limited their toxicity the pancreas, allowing a difficult stage to be over come and the course of the illness to interrupted. Normalization of the ECG requires emphasis. The association of HG, increased plasma amylase and abdominal pain justifies early iterative PE.
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PMID:[Major hypertriglyceridemia, associated with severe acute pancreatitis, successfully treated with plasma exchange]. 247 Feb 83

The influence of glucocorticoid administration and limited nursing on piglet carbohydrase enzyme development and subsequent growth was examined in three experiments using 371 piglets. Treatments in the first two experiments were formed by the factorial arrangement of hydrocortisone (-HYD or +HYD) and limited nursing (-LN or +LN) imposed form d 14 to weaning (d 28). Hydrocortisone was replaced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the third experiment. Growth rates were severely depressed by HYD (P less than .01), LN (P less than .001) and to a lesser extent (P less than .06) by ACTH during the last 2 wk of lactation. During the first 14 d postweaning, piglets continued to grow more slowly following HYD treatment (P less than .01), whereas LN piglets grew more rapidly than those allowed to suckle normally. Although piglets were smaller at weaning after HYD injection (P less than .01), relative weights of liver, pancreas and small intestine were increased (P less than .05). Only adrenal weights were increased by ACTH (P less than .09). Pancreatic and intestinal amylase activities were increased two- to three-fold by HYD injection (P less than .05) but were unaffected by ACTH or LN (P greater than .10). Sucrase and maltase activity increased linearly with age (P less than .001). This rate of increase was numerically enhanced by glucocorticoid treatment and LN. The normal decrease in lactase activity was accelerated by LN and HYD injection, with the greatest depression caused by the combination of LN and either HYD or ACTH administration (P less than .05). Glucocorticoid administration to nursing piglets can evoke premature elevation of the carbohydrase enzymes necessary for initiating the hydrolysis of starch.
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PMID:Effect of glucocorticoids and limiting nursing on the carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets. 255 55

Effects of ulinastatin on operative stress in upper abdominal surgery were investigated. The operation caused damages to the body functions such as enhancement of protein catabolism, hepatic dysfunction and pancreatic dysfunction, followed by elevation of GOT, GPT, LDH and serum amylase. The operative stress also decreased the total lymphocyte and T cell counts in the peripheral blood, and attenuated the lymphocyte transformation induced by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). Ulinastatin 7500 u.kg-1 failed to decrease the elevation of plasma enzyme levels and the depression of immune function. But ulinastatin had no immunosuppressive effect like glucocorticoid and attenuated the decrease in plasma levels of protein and albumin. The results suggest that ulinastatin has an effect in modulating the enhancement of protein catabolism by operative stress.
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PMID:[Effects of ulinastatin on operative stress in major surgery]. 272 19

A total of 108 growing albino rats was used to evaluate the dietary interactions of the major lima bean antinutritional factors trypsin inhibitor (TI), haemagglutinin (Hgg) and cyanide (CN) with respect to their effects on pancreatic and intestinal alpha-amylase activities. The results indicate that when fed at the same level of activity as found in the raw lima bean (RLB) these factors had no significant (p greater than 0.05) influence on pancreatic alpha-amylase activity whether acting individually or in combination. However, when acting alone, CN appeared to depress pancreatic amylase level more than when interacting with TI or Hgg or both. Amylase activity was significantly (p less than 0.01) depressed by the dietary treatments in both the small and large intestine while caecal levels were not. The most severe depression in amylase activity was elicited by the RLB diet. The haemagglutinin-containing diets appeared generally associated with lower levels of intestinal amylase activity. From the present finding it is suggested that these factors alone cannot fully account for the magnitude of the depression of intestinal amylase activity which is contingent upon the ingestion of RLB by experimental rats.
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PMID:Dietary interactions of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) trypsin inhibitor, haemagglutinin and cyanide. Part 2. Effect on pancreatic and intestinal alpha-amylase (EC 3.21.1.1) in growing albino rats. 278 18

Four experiments were carried out with 10 to 12 day old leghorn chicks weighing approximately 93 to 101 g. The chicks were injected intraperitoneally with sterigmatocystin (STG) dissolved in olive oil. The LD50 values as established in the first two experiments were 10.0 and 14.0 mg/kg body weight with most of the deaths occurring between 9 and 21 h following injection. Histopathological studies demonstrated that there was hemorrhage, foci of degeneration and necrosis with fibroblastic proliferation in sinusoids of the liver while the kidneys showed tubular degeneration and necrosis. Biochemical analysis of blood sera demonstrated that STG caused a marked elevation in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, and a depression of creatine kinase, but no effects on gamma-glutamyl transferase, amylase and lipase. Free and conjugated bilirubin were elevated in the sera while total protein, albumin, glucose, potassium, chloride and phosphorous concentrations were depressed. In addition, total white blood cells and circulating agranulocytes were depressed while circulating granulocytes were elevated. STG did not significantly affect the concentration of uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, magnesium and sodium in blood.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of sterigmatocystin to chicks. 356 71


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