Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ongoing IgE antibody formation against ovalbumin (OA) in high responder mice was depressed by i.v. injections of either native or urea-denatured ovalbumin (UD-OA). Adoptive transfer experiments to determine the helper function of spleen cells from the treated animals showed that helper function for both IgE and IgG antibody responses diminished after treatment. Evidence was obtained that treatment suppressed the expansion of IgE-G memory cells. When the same treatment with OA or UD-OA was given to OA-primed mice before the appearance of IgE antibody in their serum, OA-specific splenic suppressor T cells were demonstrable. Thus, the transfer of splenic T cells from treated mice into normal mice suppressed the primary IgE and IgG antibody responses of the recipeints to DNP-OA. It was also found that the transfer of the splenic T cells from UD-OA-treated mice into OA-primed mice depressed ongoing IgE antibody formation in the recipients. The results suggested strongly that the decrease of helper function and the depression of ongoing IgE antibody formation by repeated injections of UD-OA was caused by generation of antigen (OA)-specific suppressor T cells.
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PMID:Reaginic antibody formation in the mouse. VII. Depression of the ongoing IgE antibody formation by suppressor T cells. 6 94

Histamine release from leucocytes was demonstrated in grass pollen hay fever patients on in vitro challenge with extract of Pleum pratense (timothy). No release was found in persons without a history of grass pollen allergy. During preseasonal hyposensitization the following tendencies were found in cell sensitivity to allergen as well as in specific IgE antibody level of serum: an initial increase at the beginning of the therapy followed by a decrease during the pollen season. This is in contrast to untreated hay fever patients in whom an increase or no change at all of cell sensitivity and specific IgE was observed in the pollen season. Immunotherapy, therefore, can prevent such an increase in the pollen season. The mechanism might be due to a depression of the IgE production. In untreated as well as in treated patients the cell sensitivity was found to be significantly correlated to the grass specific IgE determined by RAST but not to the total serum level of IgE estimated by RIST. It seems likely that the sensitivity would be useful for evaluating the degree of allergy in grass pollen hay fever patients treated or not treated with immunotherapy.
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PMID:Basophil histamine release in patients with hay fever. Results compared with specific IgE and total IgE during immunotherapy. 6 13

Immediate (IgE-mediated) skin tests are widely used in the diagnosis of allergic diseases. Skin tests correlate well with more specialized studies (RAST, histamine release and provocation tests) in the diagnosis of allergic disease. Lack of standardization and quantitation of biologic potency of allergens make critical comparison of skin test results impossible. A survey of practicing allergists yielded widely divergent opinions concerning the effect of anti-allergic drugs on skin tests. The results of published studies indicate that only antihistamines cause significant depression of skin reactivity. Therefore, therapy for asthma may be continued while diagnostic skin testing is in progress, avoiding the possible morbidity associated with discontinuing pharmacologic therapy.
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PMID:Immediate (IgE-mediated) skin testing in the diagnosis of allergic disease. 8 30

The major allergen of ragweed pollen, antigen E, was modified by coupling its amino acid groups with either methanol, methoxypolyethylene glycol (MPEG) of 5,000 daltons, or a synthetic copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (DGL) of 34,000 daltons, all appropriately activated. The conjugates were characterized chemically and immunologically. Compared to the native antigen, the methoxy conjugate showed little reduction in allergenic activity, but the other two conjugates showed strong reductions, as measured by heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats sensitized with murine anti-antigen E reaginic sera. The MPEG conjugate was apparently nonimmunogenic in mice known to be high responders to the native antigen. MPEG and DGL conjugates retained the immunosuppressive property of the native antigen as subcutaneous treatment of antigen E sensitized mice with these two conjugates led to significant long-lasting depression of their antigen E-specific IgE and IgG antibody levels. These immunological changes are believed to result from reduction of antigenic valency and specificity upon coupling the bulky molecules to the protein antigens.
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PMID:Immunological properties of conjugates of ragweed pollen antigen E with methoxypolyethylene glycol or a copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine. 8 43

Hyperuricaemia in Down's syndrome is unreleated to the activity of phosphoribosylamidotransfrease, which catalyses the activity of the first specific step on the purine biosynthetic pathway, and to the activity of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase, abnormalities of which are known to be associated with hyperuricaemia. Immunological studies involving serum immunoglobulins, natural E. coli antibodies, test immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide type III (PnPS), in vitro lymphocyte transformation to mitogens, and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced immunoglobulin production showed no difference between hyperuricaemic or normouricaemic Down's patients and institutionalized controls. The Down's patients had higher serum IgA, IgG and IgE, and some also produced more immunoglobulin in PWM-stimulated lymphocyte cultures when compared to normal healthy controls. However, both patients with Down's syndrome and the institutionalized controls had significantly lower responses to PnPs than normal healthy controls. The only deficiency confined to the Down's patients was a signficant depression in delayed hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene. These findings indicate that the in vivo abnormality of depressed cellular and humoral immunity in Down's patients is not paralleled by in vitro function as measured by PHA lymphocyte transformation and immunoglobulin production by PWM-stimulated lymphocytes. There is also no apparent link between a putative defect in purine metabolism in Down's patients and any immunological abnormalities.
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PMID:Immunological and purine enzyme studies on hyperuricaemic and normouricaemic patients with Down's syndrome. 15 48

Thirty asthmatic children were compared with an equal number of age-matched healthy children. The mean peripheral blood T-lymphocyte level without foetal calf serum was lower in the asthmatic group (mean 970/mm3, as against 1740/mm3; P less than 0.0001), but this difference was abolished by adding foetal calf serum or thymosin, thus explaining how quite severe T-cell deficiency can be missed by widely used methods. The degree of eosinophilia and the degree of elevation of the plasma IgE level in the asthmatic patients were positively correlated. Positive correlations were also shown between the degree of severity of the asthma, the degree of eosinophilia and the degree of elevation of the plasma IgE level, but not the degree of depression of the T-cell numbers. If this T-cell deficiency reflects an inadequate suppression of IgE responses, a clinical trial of thymosin appears to be warranted.
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PMID:T-cell depletion and in vitro thymosin inducibility in asthmatic children. 30 6

Quantitative determinations of lymphocytas were done in the active period of the disease, immediately after treatment by the COAP schedule and during remission. In 6 patients the determinations were done several times during 20 weeks of maintenance treatment. It was found that independently of the stage of the disease the absolute lymphocyte count and the counts of B and T populations were low, while that of lymphocyte O population was raised. It was observed that the reduced count concerned all 4 subclasses of lymphocytes B, that is those with surface receptors for IgA, IgM, IgG and IgE immunoglobulins. In remission the values of lymphocytes and their T and B subpopulations increased, failing, however, to reach the normal values. This rise was more pronounced in the case of lymphocytes T. Lymphocyte depression in these patients is explained by the authors as due mainly to intensive cytostatic treatment.
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PMID:[Changes in blood lymphocytes and their subpopulation in patients with myeloblastic leukemia treated with cytostatic agents]. 31 15

Reaginic antibodies in hay fever patients belong to IgE. The immunoglobulin sensitizes basophilic granulocytes and mast cells from homologous species and mediates the release of chemical mediators which cause allergic symptoms. The sensitization is due to the binding of IgE to receptors on the target cells through the Fc portion of the molecules. High affinity of the molecules for the receptor is responsible for the biologic activity of IgE antibodies and for the persistence of sensitization with the antibodies. The initial step of the reaginic hypersensitivity reactions is bridging of cell-bound IgE antibody molecules by a multivalent antigen. Since IgE is firmly bound with receptors, cross-linkage of IgE molecules will cause a disturbance of membrane structure and/or interaction between receptor molecules at the cell membrane, which will activate membrane-associated enzymes. It appears that the activation of sequences of enzymes will lead to the release of chemical mediators from the cells. In view of the role of IgE antibodies in allergic diseases such as hay fever, attempts were made to depress the IgE antibody response to allergen. A experimental model in the mouse indicated that the generation of antigen-specific suppressor T cells is involved in the depression of IgE antibody formation by immunotherapy.
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PMID:Mechanisms of reaginic hypersensitivity and immunotherapy. 35

We investigated the possibility of decreased cellular immunity (C.I.) in a substantial group of atopic asthmatic patients with respiratory tract infections during autumn and winter. Two-hundred and ten atopic asthmatic patients were selected, and the following tests for cellular immunity were performed. Skin tests with 11 bacterial and fungal antigens. Normal average value of the skin reactions is 2.5 mm. E rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. Normal value for patients of this age is 60 +/- 8%. Immunoglobulins A, G and M and complement fractions C3 and C4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion. IgE was determined using PRIST (Phadebas, Pharmacia). IgE was elevated in all except two of the patients. IgG, IgA and IgM, C3 and C4 were normal. Twenty five of the 85 patients had some depression in cellular immunity (decreased E rosettes and/or decreased skin reactions). Patients with depressed cellular immunity were given 2.5 mg Levamisol three times a week for three months. Their progress was evaluated clinically and immunologically and a positive correlation was found between clinical improvement and increased C.I. in 18 of the 25 patients. We consider Levamisol to be useful in approximately 8.5% of all asthmatic patients.
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PMID:[Effects of levamisole in the treatment of a group of patients with atopic asthma and depression cellular immunity]. 53 20

The effects of 10 days of total energy deprivation on serum levels of immunoglobulins, antibodies acute phase reactants and on interferon production were evaluated in fourteen healthy, normal-weight males. A significant depression was noted of the serum levels of complement factor 3, haptoglobin and orosomucoid. The titres of mercaptoethanol-sensitive specific antibodies to flagellin were higher in the subjects inoculated at the end of the starvation period than in controls and those inoculated at the start of the period. The serum levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, alpha-1-antitrypsin and complement factor 4, and the interferon-producing capacity of blood lymphocytes, were not changed. Thus, 10 days of total energy deprivation depresses the serum levels of several acute phase reactants and re-feeding may enhance antibody production.
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PMID:Acute energy deprivation in man: effect on serum immunoglobulins antibody response, complement factors 3 and 4, acute phase reactants and interferon-producing capacity of blood lymphocytes. 60 38


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