Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of cytostatics (Methotrexate, Oncovin and Dactinomycin) on early human trophoblast in vitro was studied by the tissue (organ) culture technique according to Trowell and by brief incubation with thymidine 3H. The cytostatics were tested by the method of Tanneberger in clinical and tenfold higher doses. The criteria for cytostatic efficacy were based an activity of DNA, histologic and histochemical changes, and secretion of hormonal chorionic gonadotropin. In vitro cultures of trophoblast were found to be a good model for evaluation of cytostatics, and the tested chemotherapeutics were effective chemotherapeutically. Upon addition to in vitro cultures they changed the structure and function of trophoblastic cells, resulting in depression of DNA resynthesis, histologic changes, changes in enzyme activities assessed histochemically, and impaired HCG secretion. The most pronounced effects were obtained with Dactinomycin or with a combination of Dactinomycin and methotrexate. Methotrexate alone had the weakest effect on DNA resynthesis and structure of the trophoblastic cells. The effect achieved with methotrexate after 120 hours was equal to the effect of Dactinomycin after 48 hours. Comparison of the histologic and hormonal results with DNA activity showed concordance between the intensity of morphologic and hormonal changes and impairment of nucleic acid functions.
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PMID:The influence of selected cytostatics on human trophoblast in vitro. 119 42

A radioimmunoassay for rabbit luteinizing hormone (rLH) in which rLH shows no significant cross-reaction with human LH (hLH) or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was employed to test for the existence of a short-loop feedback for LH in the rabbit. Two weeks after castration, hCG and hLH were administered intravenously to rabbits, and the effects on circulating rLH were measured. Purified hLH (10 ng or 100 IU) produced significant depression of blood rLH within 30-60 min of intravenous injection. Saline administered to the same animals produced no changes in rLH. Injection of hCG (2,000 IU) under the same conditions also produced a significant fall in rLH. However, hCG administered to rabbits castrated 6 wk prior to study failed to suppress endogenous rLH. These data demonstrate, by direct radioimmunoassay quantification of blood hormones, the existence of a short-loop negative feedback for LH in the rabbit. They also suggest that the sensitivity of the short-loop changes with time after castration.
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PMID:Short-loop feedback control of luteinizing hormone in the rabbit. 126 22

The serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estradiol, progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone (total and free) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were investigated prior to surgery in 24 postmenopausal women with benign and 28 postmenopausal women with malignant epithelial ovarian tumors. The serum concentrations of hormones were compared with those of 28 healthy, postmenopausal, age-matched controls. Significantly lower serum FSH levels were demonstrated in women with malignant tumors. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the serum LH levels. The hCG levels were low in all groups. Regarding progesterone and estradiol levels, low postmenopausal steroid levels were found in all groups examined and no significant differences were demonstrated within the groups. No significant correlations between the levels of estradiol and FSH or progesterone and LH were demonstrated. To exclude a central depression of gonadotropin release mediated by the dopaminergic system we examined the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin. No differences were found between the groups regarding TSH and prolactin levels. A possible relationship between other hormones/factors produced by the tumor and exerting a negative feedback, either centrally or directly, on the gonadotropin release remains to be investigated. A change in biological activity in the gonadotropins might explain the present findings.
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PMID:The pituitary-gonadal axis in women with benign or malignant ovarian tumors. 138 13

Norplant consists of 6 soft plastic capsules placed in the subcutaneous tissue on the inside of the upper arm which release levonorgestrel continuously over 5 years to prevent pregnancy. Health workers use an aseptic technique to insert the capsules within 0.5 cm of the incision. Scar tissue increases removal time to twice that of insertion time. The 1st year pregnancy rate is 0.2%. Body weight affects the cumulative 5-year pregnancy rate: 0.2% for 50 kg women, 3.4-5% for 50-69 kg women, and 8.5 for 70 kg women. It rises remarkably in the 3rd year. Women find the advantages to be, in order of importance, ease of use, effectiveness, long duration, reversibility, and arm placement. The most common misconception about Norplant is it causes cancer or sterility. Both before insertion and during the early months after insertion, family planning providers must thoroughly explain Norplant and stress how it is different from other contraceptive methods. 1 study reveals that the 1-year continuation rate for women who undergo careful preinsertion counseling is greater than it is for women who do not receive effective counseling (88% vs. 60%). The leading side effect is abnormal bleeding patterns. Even though bleeding patterns change, hemoglobin or ferritin levels do not decrease. In women who experience no bleeding, providers must conduct a urinary human chorionic gonadotropin test at 4-6 weeks. If the test reveal no pregnancy, they need to explain to the women that this is normal. Abnormal bleeding patterns improve with increased duration of Norplant use. Women who need to be carefully monitored or should not use Norplant are those with impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipidemia, impaired liver function, premenstrual symptoms, and history of depression. The ideal candidate is a woman who has used oral contraceptives (OCs) with no side effects yet forgets to take them daily, has contraindications for estrogen, or has estrogenic side effects from OCs.
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PMID:Who is a candidate for Norplant? 161 60

Since it has been shown that pregnancy protects the mammary gland from chemically induced carcinogenesis, this study was designed with the dual purpose of determining whether treatment of young virgin rats with the placental hormone chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) mimics pregnancy-induced changes in the tumourigenic response of the mammary gland and also whether the effect induced by both pregnancy and hormonal treatments was transitory, or a more permanent one, exerting the same effect when the period of time between delivery or termination of treatment and exposure to the carcinogen is lengthened. Virgin Sprague-Dawley rats were utilised in two experimental protocols. For protocol I, 50 day-old rats were either mated (Group II), or started receiving a daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 IU hCG (Group III) at age 50. Age-matched untreated virgin rats were used as controls (Group I). Twenty-one days after either delivery or termination of treatment all the animals received an intragastric dose of 8 mg DMBA/100 gbw. For the second protocol, 50 day-old virgin rats were also mated (Group V) or were treated with hCG for 21 days (Group VI); the resting period between delivery or termination of treatment was lengthened to 63 days, at which time they received a dose of DMBA. Age-matched controls (Group IV) received DMBA only. Tumourigenesis was evaluated 24 weeks post-carcinogen administration in all the groups. Pregnancy and hCG followed by the 21-day resting period significantly depressed mammary carcinogenesis to 11% and 6% respectively, compared with 63% in control animals. When the resting period was prolonged to 63 days there was also a significant depression in adenocarcinoma incidence to 9% in pregnancy (Group IV) in which it was observed that tumour incidence was also reduced as a consequence of aging at the time of exposure to the carcinogen. These results clearly indicate that hCG is as efficient as pregnancy and significantly reduces mammary carcinogenesis, and that the protective effect of both pregnancy and hCG treatment is long-lasting and both are more efficient than aging in reducing mammary carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Comparative study of the influence of pregnancy and hormonal treatment on mammary carcinogenesis. 191 Nov 88

A conjugate of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G was prepared by covalent cross-linking using the heterobifunctional reagent, N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate. Mouse Leydig tumor cells expressing receptors for luteinizing hormone were specifically lysed in vitro as a consequence of complement fixation via the Fc component of the hybrid molecule. Furthermore, administration of HCG-Fc to rams caused an acute depression in circulatory testosterone. This novel concept of targeted inhibition of gonadal function could prove to have future applications in control of reproductive processes.
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PMID:Toward regulation of gonadal function by a synthetic hybrid molecule composed of gonadotropin and Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G. 239 39

Blood monocytes were isolated from 14 patients with non-seminomatous testicular carcinoma and tested for phagocytic and fungicidal activity towards Candida albicans. Before chemotherapy, monocyte function in the patients was not different from that of normal controls. However, patients with alpha-foetoprotein in their serum had a lower phagocytic activity compared with patients without alpha-foetoprotein. No correlation with the histology of the tumor, the clinical stage or the presence in serum of human chorionic gonadotropin was observed. Serum from the patients had no influence on the functions of normal monocytes. During intensive chemotherapy with cisplatinum, bleomycin and vinblastine, a reversible impairment in phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans occurred which had no correlation with the development of febrilia. Two months after the completion of chemotherapy the monocyte functions were unchanged as compared with pretreatment values. In conclusion, the temporary depression of monocyte functions towards C. albicans during chemotherapy might, in addition to other risk factors, predispose the patient to fungal infection.
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PMID:Phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans by blood monocytes from patients with non-seminomatous testicular carcinoma: effect of chemotherapy. 240 41

To investigate the changes of testosterone (T) secretion under sustained hypoxia, we determined basal levels of urine T, 17 ketosteroid, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and response to LHRH and HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in male patients with respiratory failure. After evaluating blood gas data, we also measured serum T, LH, FSH, plasma progesterone (P) and 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17OH-P). The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to PaO2; Group 1 with a PaO2 under 60 Torr, Group 2 with a PaO2 between 60 Torr and under 70 Torr, Group 3 was an age-matched control group. Urine T and serum T were significantly lower in Group 1 compared with those of Group 3. In the LHRH test, augmented relative responsiveness and delayed peak value in LH secretion were observed in Group 1, compared with those of Group 3. As for the HCG test, no differences were observed among the 3 groups. The ratio of 17OH-P to P, which indicates activity of 17-hydroxylase, was observed to be diminished with increasing degrees of hypoxia. These data suggest that in male patients with respiratory failure there was depression in T secretion as well as 17-hydroxylase activity due to hypothalamic-pituitary hypofunction.
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PMID:[Depression of testosterone secretion in male patients with respiratory failure]. 261 89

Repeated administration of human chorionic gonadotropin to rats results in a maximal depression of testicular microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 levels at 24 h, followed by increases that plateau at pretreatment levels by day six. Associated with the depressed levels of microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 is an increase of testicular microsomal heme oxygenase activity at 12-24 h. Testicular mitochondrial delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity was increased at 24 h, and remained elevated throughout the 9-day treatment period. Pretreatment with 1,4,6-androstatrien-3,17-dione, an aromatase inhibitor, failed to prevent the depression of testicular microsomal heme or cytochrome P-450 or increased heme oxygenase activity caused by repeated administration of human chorionic gonadotropin, and administration of estradiol benzoate failed to alter testicular microsomal heme oxygenase activity suggesting that these parameters were not related to altered testicular estrogen content caused by increased aromatase activity. These results suggest that increased testicular heme oxygenase activity is associated with decreased microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 content during human chorionic gonadotropin-induced desensitization.
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PMID:Increased rat testicular heme oxygenase activity associated with depressed microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 levels after repeated administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. 348 41

Long-Evans rat pups were dosed orally from birth to 21 d with particulate Mn3O4 to obtain a daily dose of 0, 71, or 214 micrograms Mn/body weight . d. Assessments of the hypothalamic, pituitary, or testicular functions were determined by measuring the endogenous or stimulated serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and/or testosterone (T) at 21 or 28 d of age. Body, testes, and seminal vesicles weight and tissue concentrations of Mn were also evaluated. Only slight Mn treatment effects were seen in body and testes weights. No effects were seen either on unstimulated or stimulated FSH or LH serum concentrations. Although no Mn treatment effects were seen on endogenous or 2 h human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulate serum T concentrations, there was a reduction in the serum T following 7 d of hCG stimulation. The hypothalamic Mn concentrations in animals with these reproductive effects were three times those where alterations in the dopaminergic pathway have been reported. However, no indication of hypothalamic or pituitary malfunction was found. These results suggest that the site of Mn damage that causes depression of sustained serum T concentration is in the testicular Leydig cell.
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PMID:Assessment of the male reproductive system in the preweanling rat following Mn3O4 exposure. 392 53


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