Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bupropion and amitriptyline were compared in a double-blind study of depressed inpatients. Treatment ranged from 2 to 4 weeks: early responders (Hamilton Depression Scale scores less than 10) were often removed from treatment after 2 or 3 weeks. Twenty-two patients completed treatment with bupropion and 18 with amitriptyline. Doses ranged from 450 to 750 mg/day for bupropion and 75 to 225 mg/day for amitriptyline. Overall, bupropion and amitriptyline were equally effective, as measured by the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety scales, Clinical Global Impressions, Zung Depression scale, and the SCL-90. Differences in the side effect profile and in weight change are described.
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PMID:A double-blind comparison of bupropion and amitriptyline in depressed inpatients. 640 38

Opiate addicts and polydrug, but nonopiate, substance abusers were assessed for depression on the Raskin rating scale for a clinical interview and several self-report measures of depression including the Hamilton, SCL-90, and the recently developed Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ), which differentially assesses depression focused around neediness from a depression focused around self-criticism (guilt and shame). Opiate addicts were consistently more depressed than polydrug drug abusers on all the measures. On the DEQ, opiate addicts were significantly (p less than .001) more depressed than normals and even somewhat more depressed than psychiatric patients. This depression, however, was focused primarily around issues of self-criticism, guilt, and shame rather than issues of dependency, abandonment, rejection, and neglect. Even further, depression focused around self-criticism, as measured on the DEQ, was significantly correlated (p less than .001) with the extent to which the polydrug, non-opiate-addicted substance abusers had begun to experiment with opiates. These data suggest that intense depression, particularly depression focused around issues of self-criticism, has an important role in opiate addiction.
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PMID:The psychodynamics of opiate addiction. 654 6

This study tested whether the symptom dimension subscales derived for the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) by factor analysis could be replicated in a new sample. It was administered to 442 veterans undergoing psychiatric treatment at a VA psychiatric outpatient clinic. Factor analysis using the principal-components method yielded a factor structure different from those previously reported for other populations. The first factor extracted, Depression, explained 37% of the variance of the entire instrument, or more than eight times the variance explained by the second factor. Only five of the nine reported SCL-90 symptom subscales emerged in this study; the Anxiety and Psychoticism subscales disappeared, and the Paranoia and Interpersonal Sensitivity subscales merged. In this population the instrument seems to measure a single global distress factor instead of nine independent symptom subscales as reported previously. This finding was corroborated by the fact that depressed, anxious, and schizophrenic patients showed no differences in SCL-90 symptom profile shapes, although they did differ in overall symptom intensity.
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PMID:Factor structure and discriminant validity of the SCL-90 in a veteran psychiatric population. 662 Jan 8

To more clearly characterize the patterns of cognitive-affective and physiological responses concomitant with male sexual dysfunction, the present study compared 14 sexually dysfunctional and 16 sexually functional men. All individuals listened to two sexually explicit tapes and engaged in a self-generated fantasy, while genital, heart rate and scaled cognitive affective responses were recorded. Two types of instructions, a performance demand set and a non-demand sensate focus set, preceded the erotic tapes in counterbalanced order. As predicted, dysfunctional men showed less genital tumescence to tapes preceded by the demand than the non-demand instructions. Contrary to expectation, functional men showed greater penile tumescence to the tapes preceded by demand instructions. Self-reported sexual arousal did not follow the penile tumescence pattern but instead indicated that the dysfunctional sample was significantly less subjectively aroused to the tapes and fantasy. There were other significant differences between the groups. Dysfunctional men showed greater general psychological distress, as measured by the SCL-90, including elevated somaticism, anxiety and depression scores. During the experimental session, dysfunctional men also evidenced greater awareness of a variety of physiological responses, as well as more negative and fewer positive cognitive-affective states. These data are discussed in terms of the interaction of affective and physiological responses, differences in contextual meanings of instructional sets given the presence of a dysfunction, and theoretical and clinical conceptualizations of male sexual functioning.
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PMID:Affective and physiological sexual response patterns: the effects of instructions on sexually functional and dysfunctional men. 668 15

Two double-blind studies are described in which buspirone was compared with placebo and diazepam (Study A) or clorazepate (Study B) in outpatients with moderate to severe anxiety. Results, assessed on the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety, the SCL-56, the Profile of Mood States, and the Covi and Raskin scales, indicated that buspirone consistently relieved both anxiety and associated depression. In Study B, trends in favor of buspirone were seen on several SCL-56 items and the Hamilton somatic factor; significant differences in this direction were found for several POMS items. Sedation was seen less often with buspirone than either diazepam or clorazepate.
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PMID:Comparison of buspirone in two separate studies. 675 99

The self-report Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was used to screen 105 consecutive first-visit patients in an outpatient neurology clinic. Neurologists diagnosed a primary psychiatric disorder in 35 patients (33%) and a secondary psychiatric disorder in 5. The SCL-90 uncovered previously unidentified emotional distress in 14 patients, for an overall incidence of psychiatric symptoms of 51%. Pain was the most common chief complaint (N = 49), and pain patients accounted for 86% of the primary psychiatric diagnoses. Tricyclic antidepressants were the most often prescribed medications; 81% of these prescriptions were given to pain patients, usually in low doses. Depression was the most common diagnosis (N = 15). Despite the high incidence of psychiatric symptoms, only 3 patients received a psychiatric referral. Neurologists and consulting psychiatrists should maintain a high index of suspicion for psychiatric symptoms when examining patients complaining of pain and, after assessing the presence and severity of depression, prescribe tricyclics judiciously.
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PMID:Psychiatric symptomatology in an outpatient neurology clinic. 685 58

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Derogatis Symptom Check List (SCL-90) and a short form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-168) were administered to 28 spinal cord injury (SCI) patients on admission to an inpatient rehabilitation program. Of the several psychologic measures derived from this battery of tests, measures of distress/depression predicted both duration of inpatient rehabilitation and performance of self-care of bladder and skin at discharge. Based on follow-up an average of 7 months post-discharge, the best predictor of future self-care behavior seems to be past self-care behavior, augmented by knowledge of personality tendencies. Results emphasize the importance of minimizing patient distress during SCI inpatient rehabilitation and suggest that, for some patients, psychologic intervention following discharge directed at modifying certain personality features may facilitate continued performance of critical self-care behaviors.
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PMID:Psychologic prediction of duration of inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation and performance of self-care. 688 74

Although autogenic training and progressive relaxation are widely used relaxation techniques, little research has been conducted on their comparative effects. Twenty-two normal subjects received five sessions of instruction in either progressive relaxation or autogenic training over a 5-week period. Both types of training, when compared to the control group, significantly decreased SCL-90 scores on four scales: anxiety, depression, number of symptoms, and intensity of symptoms. Also, autogenic training appeared to produce specific effects on self-perception of heaviness and warmth in the limbs and depth of breathing. However, there were no significant differences between groups in pretest versus posttest changes in heart rate or skin conductance. These results are consistent with the results of other recent research on nonanxious individuals in this laboratory.
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PMID:Psychophysiological effects of autogenic training and progressive relaxation. 699 25

Phenelzine and imipramine were compared double-blind, in 43 depressed inpatients. A placebo week preceded drug treatment; this allowed early identification of placebo responders who did not therefore enter the study. After three weeks treatment, the two drugs were equally effective on Hamilton, Beck and SCL-90 measures of depression and anxiety. On the the SCL-90 scales of hostility and paranoia imipramine was more effective; in some patients phenelzine was associated with increased hostility. Measurement of MAO inhibition and plasma tricyclic levels indicated that adequate doses were generally used - (mean 81 mg/day phenelzine and 144 mg/day imipramine).
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PMID:A comparison of phenelzine and imipramine in depressed inpatients. 702 42

The self-report symptom inventory, SCL-90-R, was administered to 240 heroin addicts seeking ambulatory detoxification and 240 requesting methadone maintenance. Controlling for age, a stepwise discriminant analysis employing a backward elimination model was performed with the SCL-90-R's nine symptom factors to determine if the addicts described different levels of symptomatology. Interpersonal sensitivity and depression differentiated between the two groups; the ambulatory detoxification patients were more depressed and described less interpersonal sensitivity than the methadone maintenance patients. The results supported the contention that heroin addicts seeking ambulatory detoxification or methadone maintenance may display different symptoms.
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PMID:Symptoms discriminating between heroin addicts seeking ambulatory detoxification or methadone maintenance. 712 52


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