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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

How common and how significant are brief depressive episodes (BDE) lasting less than 2 weeks? The authors propose splitting the BDE into two groups: one occurring monthly over 1 year of observation, termed 'recurrent brief depression' (RBD), and those occurring less frequently, labeled 'nonrecurrent brief depression' (NRBD). From a medical point of view, the RBD are a relevant group. Different thresholds of definition are tested, the narrowest of which (including occupational impairment and predetermined minimum number of symptoms) is accepted for 'case'-definition. The such defined RBD (SYM) group differs from major depression only by length and frequency of episodes. In a young cohort, its 1-year prevalence rate was found to be 4.4% (males 3.9%, females 4.9%). One-third of these cases needed treatment, a fourth suffered from pronounced subjective and social impairment as well as from persistent suicidal ideation. The self-reporting of subjective impairment, assessed with the SCL-90 symptom inventory and an analog-rating, yields high scores which are in no way inferior to major depression diagnosed with RDC, DSM-III or EDE (SYM) criteria. The RBD (SYM) demonstrate less hypomania than the major depressive disorders. On the other hand, a family history of depression is equally frequent across all groups. The validity of the RBD (SYM) group has yet to be confirmed by a follow-up study, and further research is needed to delineate it from secondary depression. The findings largely support the hypothesis of a continuum from mild and short to more severe, longer lasting depressive syndromes, but they do not exclude heterogeneity of RBD (Angst and Dobler-Mikola 1984b).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The Zurich Study--a prospective epidemiological study of depressive, neurotic and psychosomatic syndromes. IV. Recurrent and nonrecurrent brief depression. 387 89

Twenty-two patients with fibrositis and 22 control patients selected from a general medical outpatient population were given 3 standardized psychological questionnaires: the Beck Depression Inventory, the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the SCL-90-R. There were no statistically significant differences between fibrositis patients and control patients on any of these tests, a finding at variance with a commonly held belief that patients with fibrositis have an underlying psychological disorder. While psychological factors may be important in some patients with fibrositis, these results indicate that the presence of a psychopathologic condition is not mandatory for the persistence of fibrositis.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of fibrositis. II. A "blinded," controlled study using standard psychological tests. 388 93

Sixty-one male subjects with mild untreated essential hypertension were classified by renin-sodium profiling as high renin (HR--13 Subjects), normal renin (NR--33 Subjects), or low renin (LR--15 Subjects). The HR subjects reported significantly more symptoms of sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoia, and psychotic thought than LR subjects on the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). The NR subjects also reported more symptomatology than LR subjects. Similar differences between HR and LR subjects were found with the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF).
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PMID:Psychologic differences between high-, normal-, and low-renin hypertensives. 388 67

To learn about the effects of unilateral mastectomy, the emotional responses of four groups of women were compared 1-3 and 10-12 months after surgery: (1) mastectomy group (n = 125)--women who had a unilateral mastectomy for stage I or II breast cancer; (2) biopsy group (n = 65)--women who had a biopsy revealing benign breast disease; (3) cholecystectomy group (n = 75)--women who had a cholecystectomy; (4) healthy group (n = 84)--women who had not had a major surgical intervention. Measures of emotions were: (1) the SCL-90 Analogue; (2) the Global Assessment Scale (GAS); and (3) the Gottschalk-Gleser Content Analysis Scale. The mastectomy group had significantly higher mean Gottschalk-Gleser scores for total anxiety, death and mutilation anxiety, ambivalent hostility, total denial and anxiety denial, and hopefulness. Significant reductions were found in mean total anxiety, mutilation, and shame anxiety in the mastectomy group and in total, death, and mutilation anxiety in the cholecystectomy group between the two postsurgical assessments. The mastectomy group had a significantly higher mean anxiety and depression score than the healthy group on the SCL-90 at both time points. The mastectomy and cholecystectomy groups had lower emotional well-being scores on the GAS than the healthy group over both testing periods. The groups also differed in their amount of change on the GAS over time. All measures, especially the Gottschalk-Gleser scales, showed significantly more psychopathological emotional responses in the mastectomy group, somewhat less in the cholecystectomy group, and the least in the biopsy group.
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PMID:The emotional impact of mastectomy. 396 Oct 31

The authors administered two scales for the evaluation of depression, the Zung SDS and the DFS (Depression Factor Score), derived from the SCL-90, to two groups of medical inpatients: One composed of adult subjects (N = 201) and the other of geriatric subjects (N = 178). The results confirm a high presence of depressive symptoms among patients with medical problems, particularly among geriatric subjects; the prevalence of depression was 20.39% for the adults and 42.13% for the elderly patients. High indices of correlation between the two scales were found for both populations. A multiple regression analysis indicated that the factors most predictive of depressive symptoms are female sex and the presence of somatic symptoms likely to lead to disability for elderly subjects and low social class and female sex for adults.
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PMID:Depression in geriatric and adult medical inpatients. 399 56

Assessment of psychological status in chronic pain patients is an important aspect of evaluation and treatment in pain management programs. Unfortunately, most of the psychological tests used in common practice have not been used extensively with chronic pain patients. Normative and comparative data must be generated to allow for valid and efficient psychometric assessment. The present paper is a preliminary comparison of several instruments of potential usefulness in the assessment of anxiety and depression among pain patients (N = 34). The SCL-90-R appeared to offer the best combination of relevant data and efficient assessment. However, it was noted that there were significant intercorrelations among the SCL-90-R subscales, which suggests a unitary factor structure.
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PMID:Psychological assessment in chronic pain. 403 Oct 87

Relationships between various personality styles measured by the basic and pathological personality scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) and mood or symptom states measured by the Profile of Mood State scales were examined. The MCMI personality scale-POMS symptom/mood scale relationships found in this study are compared with MCMI personality scale-MMPI and SCL-90 symptom/mood scale relationships reported in the MCMI manual. Consistent associations of moderate strength were found between: (a) the MCMI Compulsive-Conforming and Passive-Aggressive (Negativistic) scales (negative and positive associations, respectively) and various measures of depression, anxiety and hostility; (b) the MCMI Avoidant, Schizotypal and Borderline-Cycloid scales and various measures of depression and anxiety; (c) the MCMI Schizoid-Asocial scale and various measures of depression; and (d) the Histrionic-Gregarious scale and various measures of high energy-activity. These MCMI personality scale-symptom/mood scale relationships are generally consistent both with the underlying theory of personality and psychopathology upon which the MCMI is based and with the personality-symptom scale relationships found within the MCMI.
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PMID:An examination of the relationship between personality patterns and symptom/mood patterns. 406 5

A representative sample of 456 persons from the normal population aged 22 and 23 years was used to study the overlap of depression with anxiety disorders. The 1-year prevalence rate for major depression (DSM-III), minor depression, and anxiety disorder together was 16.4%. The observed cases of major depression occurred in 36% with anxiety disorder, the cases with minor depression in 60%. On the level of symptoms assessed by a semistructured clinical interview and on the level of self-assessed items of the symptom check list SCL-90, the overlap was even greater. The main finding was that subjects with both diagnoses, depression and anxiety disorder, were more severely affected in general. Discriminant analyses of the SCL-90 scales together with the qualitative distribution of SCL items characterizing depression, anxiety, or phobia, did not disprove the hypothesis of a continuum.
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PMID:The Zurich Study. VI. A continuum from depression to anxiety disorders? 409 15

The safety and antianxiety and antidepressive effects of buspirone (average 16.5 mg/day) were compared in a double-blind trial with those of diazepam (15 mg/day). The two drugs were nearly equivalent in relieving symptoms of both anxiety and depression in 100 patients. Scores on the impaired cognition factor of the SCL-56 and confusion factor of the POMS showed significantly greater improvement with buspirone than with diazepam. Side effects, such as sedation and drowsiness, were significantly more frequent and severe with diazepam. Buspirone may be particularly indicated for anxious patients with associated depression.
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PMID:A double-blind comparison of buspirone and diazepam in outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. 613 66

The social adjustment and psychological characteristics of a group of patients with lesions presumed to be representative of an 'ordinary' pain clinic population have been examined. As expected there was a significant degree of disturbance of work, sleep, sport, exercise, leisure and social activities and sexual relationships. Patients with back pain found sitting to be particularly troublesome (P less than 0.0001) which suggests that they would have physical reasons for responding to programmes emphasizing 'activity.' They used more affective words proportionately to describe it than those with pain elsewhere, but both groups used far more sensory words overall than affective ones. Formal depression of the type measured by the Levine-Pilowsky Depression Questionnaire which corresponds to the psychiatric interview was not prominent. On the SCL-90, a more widely ranging type of psychological test, there were marked elevations on the somatization scale which are partly artifact, and also significant elevations for obsessive traits, depression, anxiety and general symptoms. Questions in the tests concerning irritability and frustration were frequently answered affirmatively. Low-back pain patients and compensation patients did not differ significantly from the remainder on the SCL-90 or on the Levine-Pilowsky Questionnaire. The findings are taken to indicate an understandable pattern of emotional response to chronic pain whether in the low back or elsewhere, as well as a specific difference in descriptions in patients with low-back pain. They are held to support the view that many patients receiving compensation have the same pattern of emotional response as those who do not obtain financial payment because of their illness.
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PMID:A description of the psychological effects of chronic painful lesions. 621 63


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