Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the presence of antipolymer antibody (APA) seropositivity in 285 Italian patients affected by primary fibromyalgia (FM) and to verify whether APA levels correlate with disease severity and with cytokine levels.APA levels were determined on serum samples by an indirect ELISA kit that detects IgG APA. Cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNFalpha) were measured by ELISA in plasma. The impact of FM on the quality of life was estimated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, while pain severity was evaluated using a visual analogic scale. Patients were also characterized by the presence of tiredness, stiffness, nonrestorative sleep, anxiety, depression, tension headache, irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular dysfunction and Raynaud's phenomena. Using a cut-off value of 30 U, APA-positive values were detected in 60 FM patients (21.05%) and in 15 healthy control individuals (15.00%) without significant differences among their levels or the percentage of seropositivity. FM patients with moderate and severe symptoms had slightly higher APA levels with respect to patients with mild symptoms. APA-seropositive patients exhibited significant correlations between APA levels and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire estimate (P = 0.042), tiredness (P = 0.003) and IL-1 levels (P = 0.0072). In conclusion, APA cannot be considered a marker of disease in Italian FM patients. The presence of APA, however, might permit the identification of a subset of FM patients with more severe symptoms and of patients who may respond differently to different therapeutic strategies.
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PMID:Antipolymer antibody in Italian fibromyalgic patients. 1782 28

Complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS) are characterized by persistent and severe pain after trauma or surgery. Neuro-immune alterations are assumed to play a pathophysiological role. Here we set out to investigate whether patients with CRPS have altered systemic pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles compared to controls on mRNA and protein level. We studied blood cytokine mRNA and protein levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-8 and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF beta 1) in 40 prospectively recruited patients with CRPS I, two patients with CRPS II, and 34 controls. Quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were used. Additionally, the patients underwent quantitative sensory testing and were assessed with the McGill pain questionnaire and the Hospital anxiety and depression scale. Patients with CRPS had higher blood TNF and IL-2 mRNA levels (p=0.005; p=0.04) and lower IL-8 mRNA levels (p<0.001) than controls. The mRNA for the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 was reduced in the patient group (p=0.004; p=0.006), whereas TGF beta 1 mRNA levels did not differ between groups. These results were paralleled by serum protein levels, except for TGF beta 1, which was reduced in patients with CRPS, and for IL-8, which gave similar protein values in both groups. Sensory testing showed a predominant loss of small fiber-related modalities in the patient group. The shift towards a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in patients with CRPS suggests a potential pathogenic role in the generation of pain.
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PMID:Differential expression patterns of cytokines in complex regional pain syndrome. 1789 83

Studies suggest that cytokines have a role in the biology of depression. In this study, we evaluated depression and cytokine levels in patients with and without chronic hepatitis C (HCV) to better assess how chronic infection alters cytokines levels and may contribute to depressive symptomotology. Twenty-three adults with (n=16) and without (n=7) HCV were recruited through the Portland VA Medical Center. Research participants were excluded for current substance abuse, psychotic disorder, liver cirrhosis, or interferon (IFN) therapy. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and a blood draw to evaluate plasma cytokine levels [i.e., interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha]. t-Tests were performed to compare cytokine levels in patients with or without HCV. HCV patients showed higher TNF-alpha values compared to patients without HCV (group means=7.94 vs. 3.41pg/mL, respectively, p=0.047). There were no significant differences between the groups for the other cytokines assessed. In patients with HCV, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels (but not IL-10) were correlated with BDI-II scores [r=0.594, p=0.020 and r=0.489, p=0.055 (trend), respectively]. Taken together, these results show an association between severity of depressive symptoms and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with HCV. Future studies should investigate how inflammatory mediators play a role in the expression of specific depressive symptoms in patients with chronic infection. Patients with HCV represent an interesting model to examine this relationship.
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PMID:Depressive symptoms in patients with chronic hepatitis C are correlated with elevated plasma levels of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 1806 7

In this review, the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, in the seizure activity development is analyzed. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that the transformation of normal pattern of neuronal activity to paroxysmal one is associated with the increased production of these cytokines in the brain. However, the present results indicate that expressions of IL-1, TNF-alpha and IL-10 in the brain are associated with cell injury rather than with seizures per se. These findings suggest that, in response to seizures, these cytokines cause both neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects and, as a consequence of these effects, the further facilitation or depression of seizure activity.
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PMID:[The role of cytokines in the seizure activity development in the brain]. 1806 92

Activation of the inflammatory immune response may provoke neuroendocrine and central neurochemical effects that are reminiscent of those elicited by traditional stressors, and when administered concurrently may have synergistic effects. The present investigation assessed whether a psychosocial stressor, comprising social disruption, would augment the effects of lipopolysaccharide in mice. It was indeed observed that the social disruption engendered by a period of 2-4 weeks of social isolation (but not 1-7 days of this treatment) followed by regrouping, enhanced the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 10mug) in the provocation of sickness behavior, as well as plasma corticosterone, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels. Similar effects were not apparent with respect to IL-1beta, IL-4, or IFN-gamma. Synergy between LPS and other stressors (restraint, tail pinch, and loud noise) was not apparent with respect to sickness or plasma corticosterone, provisionally suggesting that social stressors, such as regrouping, may be more powerful or may engage unique neural or neuroendocrine circuits that favour synergistic outcomes. Within the CNS, the LPS and the regrouping stressor synergistically enhanced NE utilization within the prefrontal cortex, and additively influenced hippocampal NE utilization. In contrast to the effects on circulating cytokines, the LPS-induced elevation of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in the hippocampus, PFC and nucleus tractus solitarius was diminished in animals that had experienced the regrouping stressor. In view of the combined actions of LPS challenge and a social stressor, these data are interpreted as suggesting that models of depression based on immune activation ought to consider the stressor backdrop upon which immune challenges are imposed.
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PMID:Synergistic and additive actions of a psychosocial stressor and endotoxin challenge: Circulating and brain cytokines, plasma corticosterone and behavioral changes in mice. 1819 34

Dracunculiasis is a promising candidate for eradication, but transmission of Dracunculus medinensis and recrudescence of the disease have been observed repeatedly. In the present investigation, the D. medinensis-specific cellular cytokine response profiles and the parasite-specific antibody subclass reactivity were evaluated in dracunculiasis patients at distinct states of infection. Analysis of the cellular cytokine response in dracunculiasis patients disclosed a D. medinensis antigen-specific depression of IFN-gamma production with patent D. medinensis infection, while the T helper type 2 cytokine IL-10 was similar in patent, post-patent and control individuals, and IL-5 production was always the highest in controls. In parallel, diminished IFN-gamma and IL-12 responses to antigens from Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica and mycobacteria were observed in patent and post-patent dracunculiasis cases. The parasite-specific IgG(1) and IgG(4) subclass reactivity profiles corresponded with the D. medinensis infection state, and a clear distinction between patent and post-patent patients and controls was found. Overall a depressed cytokine release was observed with patent D. medinensis, which extended beyond the parasite-specific immune responsiveness. The detection of D. medinensis-specific IgG(1) and IgG(4) isotypes may help to distinguish newly exposed, patent and post-patent D. medinensis infections.
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PMID:Antibody and cytokine responses in Dracunculus medinensis patients at distinct states of infection. 1825 73

Hostility is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes as diverse as cardiovascular disease and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cytokines have been suggested to mediate this relationship. We investigated whether in healthy men a relation existed between hostility and T-cell mitogen-induced cytokines and chemokines. Male Dutch military personnel (n=304) were included before deployment. Eleven cytokines and chemokines were measured in supernatants of T-cell mitogen-stimulated whole blood cultures by multiplex immunoassay. Factor analysis was used to identify clusters of cytokines and chemokines. In a regression analysis hostility was related to the cytokine/chemokine clusters, and the potential risk factors age, BMI, smoking, drinking, previous deployment, early life trauma and depression. Explorative factor analysis showed four functional clusters; a pro-inflammatory factor (IL-2, TNFalpha, IFNgamma), an anti-inflammatory factor (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10), IL-6/chemokine factor (IL-6, MCP-1, RANTES, IP-10), and MIF. Hostility was significantly related to decreased IL-6/chemokine secretion and increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. There was an inverse relation between age and hostility scores. Early life trauma and depression were positively and independently related to hostility as well. This study represents a novel way of investigating the relation between cytokines and psychological characteristics. Cytokines/chemokines clustered into functional factors, which were related to hostility in healthy males. Moreover this relation appeared to be independent of reported depression and early trauma.
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PMID:Hostility is related to clusters of T-cell cytokines and chemokines in healthy men. 1864 Jul 86

Influence of immunomodulator of bacterial origin - purified staphylococcal toxoid (PST) - on the synthesisof proinlammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IFN-gamma) and anti-inflammatory (IL- 10) cytokines, as well as cytokines directing the immune response to Th1 (IL-12) or Th2 (IL-4) type was studied in mice. Serum cytokines levels as well as levels of cytokines produced by splenocytes spontaneously or after stimulation by phytohemagglutinin were measured 4 and 24 hours after inoculation of PST. It was shown that PST in wide spectrum of doses (15; 1.5; 0.15 BU per mouse) was able to enhance or suppress synthesis of cytokines. Effect was nonlinear and its direction was depended from cytokine, time interval passed before obtaining the sample and dose of PST. For example, 15 BU of PST enhanced whereas 0.15 BU of PST suppressed the IL-6 production 4 hours after inoculation. Decrease of IL-6 level in serum 24 hours after inoculation of PST was detected. Synthesis of several serum interleukins (IL-2, IL-10) did not changed 4 and 24 hours after inoculation irrespective from dose of PST. It was demonstrated that modulation of humoral immune response in vivo induced by PST did not associated with modulation of cytokine profile. For example, increase of number of cells secreting antibodies to sheep erythrocytes was registered both during increased synthesis of cytokines (4 hours, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12) and during period of its depression (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma), as well as during stable production of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma).
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PMID:[Cytokine profile in mice with enhanced or depressed immune response to sheep erythrocytes induced by immunomodulator of bacterial origin--purified staphylococcal toxoid]. 1881 11

It has been reported in a few studies that alexithymia is associated with impaired immune response but results are still contradictory. The present study investigates whether alexithymia is associated with lower cell-mediated (Th-1) immune response. Fifty-one healthy 18-27-year-old women were selected from healthy subjects on the basis of high or low cut-off scores on the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). They were evaluated using standardized psychiatric rating scales notably the Hospital Anxiety Depressive Scale (HAD) and the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). None of the subjects were suffering from psychiatric disorders. Twenty-seven were classified as alexithymics and 24 as non-alexithymics according to the TAS-20. Blood was drawn for lymphocyte subset counts (CD4, CD8), in vitro production of interleukin 1 (IL-1beta), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 by phytohaemagglutinin stimulated peripheral lymphocytes, and cortisol. Women with alexithymia exhibited decreased interleukin 1beta, IL-2 and IL-4 production with reduced ratios of Th1/Th2 (IL-2/IL-10) and of CD4/CD8, as well as reduced CD4 percentages. IL-2 and IL-4 production remained significantly diminished in the alexithymic group, even after adjusting for between-group differences in anxiety and depression levels on the HAD. This study further demonstrates that alexithymic women have altered immune function, with a predominance of depressed cell-mediated immunity and a skewed Th1/Th2 ratio towards Th2 response.
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PMID:Decreased immune response in alexithymic women: a cross-sectional study. 1882 23

In order to assess the relationships among mood, peripheral autonomic output and circulating immunoinflammatory mediators in older individuals with decompensated heart failure (CHF), 20 consecutive patients (78+/-7 years, 35% women) admitted to the coronary care unit with a clinical diagnosis of acute/decompensated CHF of coronary origin were examined. Mood was evaluated by the 21-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). Four patients met the criteria for major depression. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and the levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured within 24-72 h of admission. A significant positive relationship between score in HAM-D and serum IL-6 levels was detected with a similar trend as far as IL-2 levels. Circulating IL-2 levels were strongly associated with the HRV L/H quotient, an index of increased sympathetic and/or decreased parasympathetic thoracic activity. A negative correlation between vagal activity (as assessed by HRV) and IL-4 occurred. Neither TNF-alpha nor IL-10 were detectable in this group of elderly patients. The results add to the concept that mood and autonomic unbalance are associated with increased systemic inflammation in old patients with decompensated CHF, a potential mechanism for mood-related worsened prognosis of heart failure at an advanced age.
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PMID:Mood, Th-1/Th-2 cytokine profile, and autonomic activity in older adults with acute/decompensated heart failure: preliminary observations. 1893 52


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