Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A young woman taking tranylcypromine for depression was hospitalized with severe chest pain and hypertension after eating cheese. Electrocardiography initially showed arrhythmias and precordial ST segment depression. Myocardial creatine kinase values were elevated, and echocardiography showed regional ventricular dysfunction, suggestive of focal cardiac myonecrosis. The cardiovascular pathophysiology of tyramine hypertensive crisis and related catecholamine excess states, including pheochromocytoma and clonidine withdrawal, is reviewed. Cardiac myonecrosis is a potential adverse effect of the hypertensive crisis associated with monoamine oxidase inhibitor use. Psychiatric indications for monoamine oxidase inhibitors may be expanding, but clinicians should continue to exercise caution in the use of these agents.
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PMID:Cardiac myonecrosis in hypertensive crisis associated with monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy. 357 43

Two growth experiments were conducted to evaluate in broiler chicks the compatibility between lasalocid medication in the feed (at 90 or 125 ppm) and a long-term administration of chloramphenicol either via the feed (500 ppm) or via the drinking water (500 mg/liter). The simultaneous administration of lasalocid and chloramphenicol generally caused severe growth depression, decreased feed intake and impaired feed conversion. Several chicks showed evident symptoms of intoxication, such as ataxia, leg weakness and paralysis. The development and frequency of these symptoms were dependent on the dosage of lasalocid and on the duration of the simultaneous administration. Biochemical examinations (Experiment 2) revealed in the affected chicks significant changes in several parameters, in particular a markedly increased activity of creatine kinase and GOT in the plasma. It confirmed that the observed leg weakness and paralysis were caused by myodegeneration.
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PMID:Incompatibility between lasalocid and chloramphenicol in broiler chicks after a long-term simultaneous administration. 359 Jun 19

To determine the significance of the direction of ST segment deviation on admission of patients who evolved non-Q wave myocardial infarction (MI), 97 patients with initial ST segment depression were compared to 207 patients with initial ST segment elevation. Patients with ST segment depression developed smaller infarcts than those with ST segment elevation (creatine kinase MB isoenzyme 8.2 vs 13.3 gmEq/m2, p less than 0.002), but had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction on admission (44% vs 51%, p less than 0.001), more in-hospital complications, and a higher cumulative 1-year mortality (29% vs 11%, p less than 0.001) that could be accounted for by an excess of adverse baseline characteristics. Although a severity index (combining magnitude and extent of the initial ST segment deviation) was not useful for discriminating prognosis of patients with non-Q wave MI who presented with ST segment depression, it was useful in identifying a subgroup of patients with ST segment elevation with an adverse prognosis. The poor outcome of patients with non-Q wave MI presenting with either ST segment depression or severe ST segment elevation on admission suggests that patients in these subgroups should receive close surveillance and should possibly be considered for aggressive therapy.
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PMID:High-risk subgroups of patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction based on direction and severity of ST segment deviation. 367 77

The reasons for the poorer prognosis of anterior versus inferior myocardial infarction of equivalent enzymatic size remain uncertain. We investigated whether there are differences in left ventricular function between patients with anterior and inferior infarctions of equivalent enzymatic size to account for their differing outcomes. Clinical, serum enzyme, and electrocardiographic data were prospectively recorded in a consecutive series of patients less than 70 years of age with their first myocardial infarction. At 29 +/- 6 days following infarction, ejection fraction and left ventricular wall motion were assessed by gated heart scintigraphy and functional capacity by treadmill exercise testing in 19 patients with anterior and in 23 patients with inferior myocardial infarction. Peak creatine kinase and QRS scores were used to estimate total infarct size and left ventricular infarct size respectively. The anterior infarcts were of similar size to the inferior infarcts as determined by peak creatine kinase (1444 [mean] +/- 1161 [SD] U/L versus 1484 [mean] +/- 1182 [SD] U/L, respectively, P = 0.91) and peak aspartate transaminases (174 +/- 112 U/L versus 164 +/- 102 U/L, P = 0.78). The anterior myocardial infarct group had a greater percentage of the left ventricle infarcted on QRS scoring than the inferior infarct group (25.9 +/- 14.4% versus 11.1 +/- 6.0% respectively, P = 0.0004), lower global left ventricular ejection fraction (45.8 +/- 16% versus 54.6 +/- 9.2%, P = 0.04) and greater left ventricular regional wall abnormality. A significant negative correlation existed between left ventricular ejection fraction and peak creatine kinase for both groups, but was more marked with anterior infarction (r = -0.78, P less than 0.01) compared with inferior infarction (r = -0.49, P less than 0.05). Exercise-induced ST segment elevation was more frequent in the anterior than the inferior infarct group (59% versus 18%, P less than 0.02). However, both infarct locations had similar exercise tolerance, exercise-induced angina and ST segment depression. Despite equivalence of infarct size of the two infarct locations on enzyme testing, anterior infarction was associated with greater abnormality of left ventricular function with lower resting global left ventricular ejection fraction; greater resting left ventricular regional wall abnormality and greater exercise-induced ST segment elevation. These differences probably contribute to the poorer prognosis of patients with anterior infarction compared to those with inferior infarction of equivalent enzymatic size, given the previously well-documented prognostic importance of left ventricular function.
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PMID:Differences in left ventricular function between anterior and inferior myocardial infarction of equivalent enzymatic size. 367 99

Reciprocal ST segment changes are frequent during acute inferior myocardial infarction, yet their significance remains controversial. In order to investigate the implications of these changes, the ECG obtained on admission for 83 patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction was compared with the clinical course and the results of angiographic and coronary arteriographic studies performed an average of 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms. Group 1 consisted of 59 patients with at least 1 mm of horizontal on downsloping ST segment depression in at least 1 of leads V1 to V4. Groups 2 consisted of 24 patients without precordial ST depression in this area. Group 1 patients were generally older than group 2 patients (59.6 +/- 6.4 versus 54 +/- 5.3 yr, P less than 0.01) had higher total creatine kinase (CK) levels and MB fractions (1835 +/- 940 versus 875 +/- 305, P less than 0.01, 269 +/- 102 versus 95 +/- 35 for MB fraction) and more complications during the hospital course (80% versus 38% P less than 0.01) and greater left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 52.2 +/- 6% for group 1 versus 59.2 +/- 7% for group 2; cardiac index 2.75 +/- 0.41 min-1 m-2 for group 1 versus 3.25 +/- 0.31 min-1 m-2 for group 2 P less than 0.005). No difference was observed on biplane angiography as far as left ventricular wall kinesis was concerned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Reciprocal ST segment changes in acute inferior myocardial infarction: clinical, haemodynamic and angiographic implications. 369 49

The hypothesis that the toxic effects of imidocarb mediated by reduced cholinesterase activity might be intensified by hypomagnesaemia was tested in calves. Hypomagnesaemia was induced in 12 males (50 kg) using an artificial milk based on a commercial nondairy coffee creamer. Although plasma magnesium levels reached 0.33 mmol litre-1 in two weeks no clinical signs were detected. In 12 control calves a daily magnesium supplement of 0.6 g was inadequate although the published requirement is 0.45 g; it was raised to 1.2 g to keep plasma magnesium normal. Lighter calves developed hypomagnesaemia more readily and fast-growing calves had lower plasma urea concentrations. Plasma calcium, but not plasma magnesium, showed significant positive correlation with plasma albumin. The only statistically significant effects of hypomagnesaemia were slight elevations of white cell count and plasma sodium. The hypomagnesaemic and normomagnesaemic calves were divided into two equal groups and treated with 3.3 mg kg-1 of imidocarb dipropionate or a placebo. The drug produced the expected clinical signs of mild toxicity and depression of cholinesterase but no other adverse effects. Transient slight depressions of plasma calcium and potassium concentration, a transient rise of plasma sodium and elevation of creatine kinase occurred. None of the effects of imidocarb treatment was intensified by hypomagnesaemia except, perhaps, constriction of the pupils; generally, hypomagnesaemic animals were affected less.
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PMID:Effect of induced hypomagnesaemia on the toxicity of imidocarb in calves. 370 46

The relations between reciprocal ST segment depression in the electrocardiogram and infarct size and 10 year prognosis were studied in 315 patients who survived for at least 28 days after a first anterior or inferior myocardial infarction. ST depression was more common in inferior infarcts (72%) than in anterior (37%) ones. It occurred more frequently in complicated infarcts and in the presence of considerable ST elevation. Patients experiencing second or third degree heart block were significantly more likely to show reciprocal changes. The rise in peak cardiac enzyme concentration was higher in patients showing ST depression. In patients with ST depression, peak creatine kinase concentration was 46% higher, aspartate aminotransferase was 39% higher, and lactate dehydrogenase 29% higher after correction for site and complications. A discriminant function analysis selected infarct site, peak aspartate aminotransferase, and magnitude of ST elevation as predictors of the occurrence of ST depression. Age, severity, and smoking status did not significantly improve discrimination. Despite larger increases in peak enzyme concentrations patients with ST depression had marginally fewer subsequent episodes of unstable angina or fatal or non-fatal infarction and a marginally lower 10 year death rate. Neither difference was statistically significant. ST depression occurring early in the acute phase of myocardial infarction is likely to be a reflection of electrophysiological changes taking place at the site of the infarct that is manifested in the contralateral surface of the heart. Other causes, however, such as transient ischaemia at the site of the reciprocal changes or extension of the infarct to contiguous areas cannot be excluded in all cases.
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PMID:The aetiology and prognostic implications of reciprocal electrocardiographic changes in acute myocardial infarction. 370 82

The biochemical mechanism of acute contractile failure in the hypoxic rat heart was investigated using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance to measure intracellular acidosis and the concentrations of phosphocreatine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphate while cardiac mechanical function was simultaneously monitored. The cytosolic free [ADP] was calculated from the creatine kinase equilibrium expression. Mechanical activity, phosphocreatine and ATP concentrations, and intracellular pH all decreased after the onset of hypoxic perfusion. Neither a reduction in ATP concentration nor limitation in its rate of production contributed to the early contractile failure. Calculations suggest only a modest (approximately 10%) difference in cytosolic free energies of ATP hydrolysis. Neither the time course nor the extent of depression of mechanical function correlated well with intracellular acidosis. In conjunction with other observations, these results were consistent with the view that the myocardial inotropic state may be directly responsive to the ambient PO2. The overall rate of ATP turnover was assessed from measurements of oxygen utilisation and lactate production in both normoxic and hypoxic hearts. Surprisingly, despite more than an 80% reduction in mechanical activity during hypoxia, no significant decrease in the rate of ATP utilisation was noted during hypoxia. This suggests that unidentified non-contractile processes may hydrolyse ATP at relatively higher rates during hypoxia.
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PMID:Biochemical mechanisms of acute contractile failure in the hypoxic rat heart. 370 37

Forty-three consecutive patients with acute inferior transmural myocardial infarction but no history or electrocardiographic evidence of prior myocardial infarction were evaluated prospectively to assess the clinical and prognostic importance of persistent precordial (V1-V4) ST segment depression. Patients were evaluated within 24 hr of admission by history, physical examination, cardiac enzyme levels, right heart catheterization, and radionuclide angiography; all were followed for 1 year. Ten of the 43 patients (group I) had persistent anterior precordial ST segment depression, defined as 1 mm or greater in one or more precordial leads (V1-V4) 24 hr after admission to the coronary care unit, and 33 patients (group II) did not. Clinical variables that differed between groups I and II, respectively, included mean age (67 +/- 9 [+/- 1 SD] vs 59 +/- 8 years; p less than .01), incidence of Killip class II to IV (100% vs 33%; p less than .001), and average peak creatine kinase concentration (2878 +/- 1139 vs 1511 +/- 1034 IU/liter; p less than .001). Hemodynamic differences between groups I and II included a higher pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (19 +/- 4 vs 11 +/- 5 mm Hg; p less than .001) and a lower cardiac index (2.0 +/- 0.5 vs 2.6 +/- 0.7 liters/min/m2; p less than .05). An evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion index by radionuclide angiography showed that group I had a lower ejection fraction (44 +/- 11% vs 53 +/- 10%; p less than .05) and higher wall motion index (1.7 +/- 0.4 vs 1.4 +/- 0.3; p less than .05) compared with group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical and prognostic importance of persistent precordial (V1-V4) electrocardiographic ST segment depression in patients with inferior transmural myocardial infarction. 370 78

This study examined the effects of ethanol and hereditary cardiomyopathy on sodium and water excretion by golden Syrian hamsters of both sexes. Ethanol (4 g/kg) or the isotonic saline vehicle were injected IP into 60-70-day-old hamsters of normal and cardiomyopathic (BIO 14.6) strains. Urine and blood were collected after 90 or 350 min in different groups. Cardiomyopathic hamsters more quickly lost their righting responses, eliminated ethanol more slowly, and had lower urine volume and sodium excretion than normal hamsters after ethanol injections. Plasma creatine kinase levels were normal in all animals tested, indicating no active skeletal or cardiac lesioning in the cardiomyopathic hamsters at the time of the experiment. Some factors which could contribute to the increased CNS and renal sensitivity to ethanol in cardiomyopathic hamsters include impaired ethanol metabolism, enhanced myocardial depression, and reduced atrial content of natriuretic peptides. The results do not owe to decompensated heart failure. Thus, the genetic mutation which causes skeletal and cardiac myopathy in these hamsters may also affect the metabolism and sensitivity to ethanol.
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PMID:Ethanol in cardiomyopathic hamsters: Na and water excretion and righting response. 371 87


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