Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the possible factors that could contribute to the impairment of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) bactericidal activities in patients with esophageal cancer, based on the discovery that a depression of the intracellular killing (KI) activity, with an elevation of the superoxide anion-producing capacity (SOP), of PMN is associated with the occurrence of infectious complications following surgery for esophageal cancer. KI, SOP, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured in 30 patients with esophageal cancer and 33 patients with gastric cancer. Sex, age, and cancer stage were not significantly associated with impaired bactericidal activities; however, malnutrition was significantly correlated with both a depression in KI (r = 0.58, P < 0.001) and an elevation in SOP (r = -.36, P < 0.05) in the patients with esophageal cancer, but not in those with gastric cancer. The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was significantly higher in the esophageal cancer patients whose SOP was elevated, at 39% versus 0% (P < 0.05). These results suggest that malnutrition and probably also latent infections associated with COPD contribute to the impaired bactericidal activities of PMN in patients with esophageal cancer.
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PMID:Factors related to impaired bactericidal activity in patients with esophageal cancer. 763 20

It is generally recognized that the uremic syndrome results in a depression of immune function, but the uremic solutes responsible remain largely unidentified. In this study, the effect of 18 known uremic retention solutes, including urea and creatinine, on hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS)-dependent glucose-1-C14 utilization (G1C-U), chemiluminescence production (CL-P) and flow cytometric parameters (FCP) of respiratory burst and phagocytosis were evaluated in granulocytes and/or monocytes. Among the compounds studied, only p-cresol depressed whole blood respiratory burst reactivity (G1C-U, CL-P) dose dependently at concentrations currently encountered in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (P < 0.05 from 5 micrograms/ml on). The effect of p-cresol was enhanced by increasing incubation times from 10 to 120 minutes. HMS activity of isolated packed erythrocytes remained unaffected. FCP of respiratory burst activity (Bursttest, expressed as log fluorescence units, LFU) revealed a marked depression in the presence of p-cresol (from 700 +/- 167 to 291 +/- 128 LFU for granulocytes, from 278 +/- 102 to 146 +/- 52 LFU for monocytes, P < 0.01), whereas particle ingestion (Phagotest) remained unaffected. Cell-free myeloperoxidase activity was also markedly depressed in the presence of p-cresol. Polarity based HPLC-elution of a standard solution containing all the solutes studied, using a gradient from 100% formic acid to 100% methanol during 60 minutes, revealed elution of p-cresol after 46.6 minutes, pointing to its relative hydrophobicity. Conjugation of p-cresol to p-cresylsulfate anihilated the depressive effect of p-cresol on granulocyte function, and at the same time caused a shift in HPLC-elution pattern to a less lipophilic range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Mechanisms of uremic inhibition of phagocyte reactive species production: characterization of the role of p-cresol. 772 36

Changes in functional-metabolic activity of leukocytes and in donor serum immunoglobulin level in exposure to gamma radiation. B.S. Nagoev. Kabardin-Balkar University, Nalchik. The study of 40 samples of blood after 1-4 days of storage revealed a moderate significant reduction in concentrations of cation protein, in myeloperoxidase activity. In exposure to gamma radiation, there appeared dose- and intensity-related shifts in the blood elements morphology, inhibition of myeloperoxidase, in the content of leukocyte cation protein, serum immunoglobulins. These alterations in white blood morphological picture, inhibition of functional-metabolic activity of leukocytes and immunoglobulin unbalance during gamma radiation of isolated blood explain depression of immunobiological characteristics of the body in extreme conditions, particularly, the lack of antibacterial defense as a result of ionizing radiation.
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PMID:[Change in functional and metabolic activity of leukocytes and content of serum immunoglobulins of donor blood exposed to gamma radiation]. 787 18

Using methods of cytochemical investigation of the blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL), parameters have been studied, characterizing the systems of biological defence and bioenergetics in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), infectious allergic myocarditis (IAM) and myocarditic cardiosclerosis (MCS). DCMP patients showed depression of NBT--test against the background of the increase in the cationic proteins (CP) level in the blood PMNLs, which was a major cytochemical feature. G-6-PhDG activity was increased in IAM patients against the background of high values of NBT-test. Increased values for G-6-PhDG, CP, phosphatases in the presence of low levels of myeloperoxidase in the blood PMNL suggest chronic inflammatory process in the myocardium. Investigation into the cytochemical parameters of bioenergetic and biological defence of the blood PMNL in patients with DCMP, IAM and MCS permits optimization of the diagnosis and treatment policy in the aforementioned nosological entities.
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PMID:[The cytochemical characteristics of the blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes in dilated cardiomyopathy and an inflammatory myocardial lesion]. 790 Mar 29

The effects of hypotensive anesthesia induced by PGE1 on myocardial metabolism, oxygen demand and oxygen supply were studied. Nine mongrel dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital and isoflurane. Mean blood pressure (MBP), cardiac output (CO), blood gases (BG), coronary blood flow (CBF), and myocardial tissue oxygen tension (MPO) were measured. Arterial and coronary venous lactate and pyruvate concentrations were also measured. We calculated myocardial oxygen consumption, L/P ratio, excess lactate, oxygen extraction ratio and lactate extraction ratio to estimate the adequacy of myocardial aerobic metabolism. CO and CBF decreased in accordance with MBP depression. Myocardial oxygen consumption decreased significantly with PGE1 administration. Lactate and pyruvate concentrations, L/P ratio, excess lactate and myocardial tissue oxygen tension were unchanged. These results suggest that PGE1 exerts no significant effect on myocardial metabolism during hypotensive anesthesia.
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PMID:[Myocardial metabolism, oxygen demand and oxygen supply during prostaglandin E1 induced hypotension]. 801 54

Extracts from the herb "St. John's wort" (Hypericum perforatum L.), besides other activities such as wound healing, antigout, antirheumatic and diuretic properties, are widely used to counteract neurological disorders such as depressive situations, nervousness and sleeplessness. The characteristic and leading component in these extracts, the dianthraquinone hypericin, is very likely not to represent the main active principle mediating the desirable effects. Thus, standardization of the drug is no longer based on the quantification of total hypericin and since several years simply the determination of dry matter content is in use instead. As biochemical background of depression the lack of catecholamine neurotransmitters or decreased beta-endorphins such as methionine- or leucine-enkephalins have to be envisaged. This communication reports on the inhibition of myeloperoxidase-catalyzed dimerization of enkephalins by Hypericum extracts. The substitution for enkephalins by tyrosine and for myeloperoxidase by horseradish peroxidase may represent a simple and inexpensive biochemical model reaction of pathological events during the manifestation of depressive events suitable for drug standardization.
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PMID:Biochemical activities of extracts from Hypericum perforatum L. 2nd Communication: inhibition of metenkephaline- and tyrosine-dimerization. 1008 78

Cigarette smoking and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with gastroduodenal ulcers. The present study aimed to clarify the ulcerogenic mechanisms of passive cigarette smoking on gastrointestinal damage induced by indomethacin in fasted or in fasted and refed rats. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke (0%, 1%, 2%, or 4%, v/v) before and/or after indomethacin administration. Cigarette smoke dose-dependently potentiated indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in the fasted animals and further lowered gastric blood flow. The gastric myeloperoxidase activity (a marker enzyme for neutrophils) was also potentiated. In addition, passive cigarette smoking increased the mortality and aggravated duodenal ulceration and also the reduction of duodenal blood flow in the fasted and refed rats after indomethacin treatment. The results indicated that the potentiating effect of passive cigarette smoking on indomethacin-induced gastroduodenal lesions is probably due to the depression of blood flow in the gastroduodenal mucosa and to the aggravation of neutrophil infiltration in the gastric mucosa.
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PMID:Potentiating effect of passive cigarette smoking on gastrointestinal damage induced by indomethacin in rats. 1023 93

Lactic acid bacteria in food can transiently colonize the intestine and exert health beneficial (probiotic) effects. These include: 1. Lactose digestion, improvement of diarrheal disorders (including traveller's diarrhea), prophylaxis of intestinal and urogenital infections--as a result of formation or reconstruction of a balanced indigenous microflora. 2. Inhibition of the mutagenicity of the intestinal contents and reduction of the incidence of intestinal tumours. 3. Immunomodulatory effects resulting in the improved host resistance. 4. Depression of the serum cholesterol level. The most of these effects were observed in a group of adult subjects administered daily by a lyophilized Enterococcus faecium M-74 in the form of waffles (Dr. Ebi) during nine weeks of a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. The bacterium temporarily colonized the host intestine and its secretion in stool persisted for six weeks after the last dose. The mean activities of beta-D-glucuronidase in stools of subjects given waffles containing enterococci were reduced comparing to stools of placebo subjects. After six weeks of daily eating the waffles with enterococci, an increased production of superoxide and other reactive oxygen intermediates by peripheral neutrophils was observed. The increase corresponded in time with an elevated formation of IgG by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after polyclonal activation with mitogenes. Higher activities of myeloperoxidase and elastase in peripheral neutrophils were also ascertained during eating of waffles containing of E. faecium M-74. Hence, intake of E. faecium M-74 in the form of waffles may have an significant immunostimulatory effect on both phagocytosis performed by neutrophils and antibody production. (Tab. 6, Ref. 29.)
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PMID:[Successful modification of human intestinal microflora with oral administration of lactic acid bacteria]. 1050 Mar 27

In our study the pathomechanism of sepsis-induced early myocardial depression was investigated. We determined the effects of the inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and free radical scavenger mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG) on the myocardial contractility, the endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and iNOS) activities, and the activation and tissue accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in hyperdynamic endotoxemia in dogs. Group 1 served as endotoxemic control. Mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were measured, myocardial contractility was estimated from the end-systolic pressure-diameter relationship. The eNOS, iNOS and myeloperoxidase activities were determined on myocardial biopsy samples, and the free radical-producing capacity of granulocytes was measured from separated cells. The effect of MEG on the in vitro free radical production of isolated granulocytes was measured by chemiluminometry. Endotoxin induced a hyperdynamic circulatory reaction and significant myocardial depression. The myocardial eNOS activity was significantly increased 4 h after induction of endotoxemia and remained elevated, the iNOS activity was increased only 8 h after endotoxemia induction. The free radical-producing capacity and the myocardial accumulation of the granulocytes were significantly increased. In group 2, MEG treatment selectively inhibited the iNOS activity, prolonged the hyperdynamic circulatory reaction, prevented myocardial depression and decreased the activation and tissue accumulation of granulocytes. The compound dose-dependently decreased the in vitro activation of previously resting granulocytes. Our study demonstrates that iNOS do not contribute to the early cardiac failure in endotoxemia. MEG selectively inhibits iNOS in vivo, but its beneficial effects are rather related to the decreases in leukocyte and free radical-mediated myocardial dysfunction during early endotoxemia.
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PMID:Prevention of early myocardial depression in hyperdynamic endotoxemia in dogs. 1063 69

Myocardial depression can be demonstrated following administration of endotoxin. Proposed mechanisms of endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction include the release of proinflammatory mediators, focal myocardial ischemia, and the presence of activated leukocytes within the myocardium. Recently, myocardial caspase activation and mitochondria-related apoptotic events (i.e., release of cytochrome c) were demonstrated in the failing septic heart. Here, we tested the hypothesis that immunosuppressors, cyclosporin A and tacrolimus (FK 506), would improve inflammation, heart nuclear apoptosis, and myocardial dysfunction in endotoxin-treated rats. Myocardial contractility was assessed using an isolated heart preparation. Heart leukocyte infiltration was assessed by measurement of heart myeloperoxidase activity. Leukocyte activation was studied using the intravital microscopy of the mesenteric venule. Apoptosis was detected as myocardial DNA fragmentation, downstream caspase activation, and mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Both cyclosporin A and FK 506 reduced heart leukocyte sequestration and venular adhesion in endotoxin-treated rats. Cyclosporin A, which blocks mitochondrial cytochrome c release, was able to reduce endotoxin-induced myocardial end-stage nuclear apoptosis and heart dysfunction, whereas tacrolimus had no such effects. These effects could be related to the unique properties of cyclosporin A to act on mitochondria.
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PMID:Protective effects of cyclosporin A from endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction and apoptosis in rats. 1185 Mar 35


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