Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro studies have been done on haematopoietic cells from a patient with cyclic neutropenia characterized by severe depression of blood neutrophil levels every 21 days. Serial blood counts reveal periodic fluctuations in neutrophils, monocytes and reticulocytes. Agar culture of marrow cells shows normal concentration of colony forming cells. The percentage of colony forming cells in S phase is highly increased during profound neutropenia and normal during the recovery phase relating the granulocyte production to the peripheral neutrophil level. Studies of ingestion rate, bactericidal activity, lactate production and glucose oxidation during phagocytosis in isolated granulocytes show normal results. Also the ingestion rate in isolated monocytes is normal. Serial karyotype analyses of marrow cells during the neutrophil cycle display a normal pattern. Serum myeloperoxidase levels vary inversely with the peripheral neutrophil count indicating increased granulopoietic activity during profound neutropenia, which might be associated with non effective granulopoiesis during profound neutropenia, leading to a lack of granulocyte reserves in the marrow.
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PMID:Cell production and cell function in human cyclic neutropenia. 17 16

We examined whether or not preoperative impaired bactericidal activities of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are associated with infections following surgery for esophageal cancer. Intracellular killing (KI), superoxide anion-producing capacity (SOP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured in 22 patients with esophageal cancer, 27 with gastric cancer, and 13 age-matched controls. The average level of KI was significantly depressed in patients with esophageal cancer or with gastric cancer, to a similar extent, compared to findings in controls, but SOP was not. In esophageal cancer patients, the SOP level was significantly higher in those with postoperative septic complications than in those without such problems, whereas the KI level was depressed to a similar extent in both. Therefore, a depression of KI with elevation of SOP of PMN may serve to predict complications of infection following surgery in patients with esophageal cancer.
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PMID:Impaired neutrophil bactericidal activity correlates with the infection occurring after surgery for esophageal cancer. 133 19

During granulopoiesis, certain myeloid genes encoding products of azurophilic granules are specifically down-regulated. The myeloid specific enzyme myeloperoxidase belongs to this group of genes. It is responsible for the production of hypochlorous acid, a potent microbicidal agent which is involved in host defense. During induced differentiation of promyelocytic leukemic HL60 cells to granulocyte- or monocyte-like cells, myeloperoxidase RNA is depressed. We studied this depression process in more detail by limiting the exposure to the inducer phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate to 24 h. During this time period, no significant decrease in cell number and cell viability could be observed. Analysis of these in vitro differentiated HL60 cells on the protein and RNA levels showed that they can be used under defined conditions as a cell system to study the specific depression of myeloid genes. Under the described conditions, both the transcriptional rate of the myeloperoxidase gene as well as the stability of its transcript was reduced.
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PMID:The differentiation pathway of HL60 cells is a model system for studying the specific regulation of some myeloid genes. 135

The association between surgical stress-related depression in bactericidal activities of neutrophils and the occurrence of postoperative infections was investigated. Bactericidal activities of neutrophils were measured in 19 patients undergoing esophagectomy, 15 gastrectomy, and 16 cholecystectomy. Five patients had complications of infection following esophagectomy. In 45 patients with no postoperative infections, intracellular killing index (KI) and superoxide anion production (SOP) levels decreased on postoperative day 1 while myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity increased on days 1-3. In 5 patients with esophageal cancer and postoperative infections, decreases in KI and SOP were less prominent, as compared to findings in 14 esophageal cancer patients without such problems but the MPO activity decreased on days 1-3. This evidence suggests that postoperative septic complications are not directly associated with surgical stress-related transient depression of bactericidal activities immediately after surgery but rather with neutrophil-mediated tissue injuries based on degranulation.
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PMID:Influence of surgical stress on bactericidal activity of neutrophils and complications of infection in patients with esophageal cancer. 159 91

Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte activation is known to result in the production and release of oxygen free radicals and hypochlorous acid. Various clinical conditions are associated with PMN leukocyte stimulation. The present investigation deals with the effects of stimulated PMN leukocytes in the absence and in the presence of scavengers of oxygen free radicals (superoxide dismutase, catalase), hypochlorous acid quencher (methionine), and myeloperoxidase inhibitor (azide) on cardiac function and contractility; blood lactate, gases, and pH levels, blood and cardiac tissue malondialdehyde; and PMN leukocyte chemiluminescence activity in anesthetized dogs. Opsonised zymosan was used for stimulation of PMN leukocytes, and the effects were observed for 2 hours. The dogs were divided into four groups: group I, zymosan; group II, superoxide dismutase + catalase + zymosan; group III, methionine + zymosan; group IV, azide + methionine + zymosan. Zymosan produced a decrease in cardiac function and in indices of myocardial contractility and an increase in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. There was a decrease in blood pH and in PMN leukocyte chemiluminescense and an increase in the blood lactate and malondialdehyde. Superoxide dismutase plus catalase and methionine reduced the effect of zymosan on cardiac function and contractility and on blood malondialdehyde, lactate, and pH. The combination of azide and methionine did not prevent the deleterious effects of zymosan on cardiac function and contractility. Cardiac tissue malondialdehyde levels were lower in groups III and IV than in groups I and II which had values similar to each other. Methionine was superior to superoxide dismutase plus catalase in the prevention of the deleterious effects of PMN leukocyte stimulation on the various measured parameters. These results suggest that oxygen free radicals and hypochlorous acid are cardiac depressants and increase systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance in addition to causing tissue damage. Clinical situations with PMN stimulation may result in cardiac depression. The oxygen free radical scavenger and hypochlorous acid quencher may be beneficial in the counteraction of the deleterious effects of PMN leukocyte stimulation on the hemodynamic parameters and cellular integrity.
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PMID:Effect of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived oxygen free radicals and hypochlorous acid on cardiac function and some biochemical parameters. 215 22

We have compared the in-vitro interactions of quinine and cinchonine, two alkaloids from cinchona bark, with human neutrophil functions. Although these molecules are structurally similar, they induced a quantitatively different depressive effect on neutrophil chemotaxis and oxidative response. Quinine produced the strongest effect at concentrations as low as 10 mg/l, which may be achievable in serum during therapeutic use of this compound. The depression induced by cinchonine was noticeable only at 100 mg/l. Chemotaxis was decreased by about 25% (formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) or 39% (serum) for quinine (100 mg/l) only if a constant concentration of the drug was maintained during the assay while cinchonine had no effect on this PMN function. The greatest impairment was observed for the PMN oxidative burst: this was dose-dependent whatever the stimulus used (phorbol-myristate-acetate or opsonized zymosan). After 30 min incubation in the presence of the drugs, the zymosan-induced chemiluminescence response was decreased by 96% and by 67% with quinine, 100 and 10 mg/l, respectively, and by 62% with cinchonine 100 mg/l. The myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination of PMN was reduced by 100% and 46% with quinine, 100 and 10 mg/l, respectively, whereas cinchonine decreased this function by about 95% at 100 mg/l and 14% at 10 mg/l. Superoxide anion generation was impaired by 94% (quinine 100 mg/l) or 45% (cinchonine 100 mg/l). The relevance to the clinical situation and the possible mechanisms of such effects are discussed.
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PMID:Effect of quinine and cinchonine on human neutrophils functions in vitro. 216 14

Therapeutic concentrations (0.3-1.5 mg/l) of pentamidine isethionate and pentamidine mesylate, obtained after parenteral administration of either drug, did not affect oxygen consumption in the stimulated neutrophilic granulocyte. At concentrations of 0.7, 1.1 and 1.5 mg/l, superoxide production, hydrogen peroxide production, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated iodination and hexose monophosphate shunt activity were suppressed relative to untreated cells (P less than 0.001 in each case). The depression in each activity was dose-related. There was no significant difference between the drugs with regard to these impairments in neutrophilic granulocyte function. This lowered respiratory burst activity, which would lead to a depression of MPO-dependent and MPO-independent processes in stimulated neutrophilic granulocytes, may be due to drug induced dysfunction of NADPH-oxidase.
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PMID:The effect of pentamidine salts on the respiratory burst of human neutrophilic granulocytes. 255 55

We have compared the in-vitro interaction of five macrolides (roxithromycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, oleandomycin and josamycin) with human neutrophils (PMN). Only roxithromycin strongly impaired the oxidative burst of PMN assessed by luminol amplified chemiluminescence, superoxide anion generation, and myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination of proteins. This effect was observed only for high concentrations of this drug (100 and 50 mg/l). Furthermore, the sensitivity of PMN to the depressive effect of roxithromycin permitted the definition of two kinds of PMN: in Highly Sensitive (HS)-PMN, the oxidative response was completely abolished while in Moderately Sensitive (MS)-PMN, a decreased, but yet measurable (20-50% of the control), response was obtained. The roxithromycin-induced depression of PMN was time-dependent and partly reversed by washing. Chemotaxis was also impaired by roxithromycin (100 mg/l) but phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae was unaltered even at high concentrations of the drug. Since roxithromycin displays the highest intracellular uptake, compared with the other macrolides assessed in this study, this could explain the results observed here. The relevance to the clinical situation needs further study. This effect of roxithromycin could be useful to control the inflammatory process associated in certain infectious diseases, in particular if high concentrations of the drug are obtained in tissues.
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PMID:Comparison of the in-vitro effect of several macrolides on the oxidative burst of human neutrophils. 255 72

In 27 patients, suffering with chronic alcoholism and hospitalized for pulmonary diseases in the Clinic of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, the following immunological characteristics were checked up: the functional activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and in 12 patients also that of alveolar macrophages were evaluated on the basis of the study of the phagocytic index and the phagocytic number, myeloperoxidase and the nitro blue tetrazolium test; the levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM, the titer of the complement, E-rosette-forming cells (active and total) were also evaluated; the deficiency of cell-mediated immune response was determined by means of intradermal tests with the use of P.P.D., phytohemagglutinin, candidin, trichophytin. In all these investigations the depression of the functional activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and alveolar macrophages, dysimmunoglobulinemia, the increased level of circulating immune complexes and the suppression of cell-mediated immunity characteristics were revealed in the patients. Frequent infections and the severe course of bacterial and viral infections observed in such patients can be probably attributed to deficient cell-mediated immune response and to disturbances in phagocytosis.
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PMID:[Immune depression--a possible cause of the unfavorable course of pneumonia in chronic alcoholics]. 258 85

The course of severe acute and chronic odontogenic purulent inflammatory staphylococcal disorders involves the depression of cellular (myeloperoxidase, cation proteins of the neutrophilic leucocytes) and humoral (hemolytic complement and the blood serum bacteriostatic activities) antigen-independent immune factors. The differentiated immunomodulating therapy is recommended in such cases.
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PMID:[Antigen-independent factors of the system of immunity in patients with inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial area of staphylococcal etiology]. 274 14


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