Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ventilatory response to CO2 was measured before and after two different benzodiazepine hypnotics in both chronic bronchitics and patients without chest disease. Flurazepam, but not nitrazepam, produced a significant decrease in CO2 sensitivity, although there was no significant change in FEV1 or mixed venous PCO2. This is the first unequivocal evidence of central depression of respiration by a benzodiazepine and may be the mechanism by which benzodiazepines cause deterioration in patients with respiratory failure.
 ...
PMID:Effect of nitrazepam and flurazepam on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. 1 71

Left ventricular performance was evaluated in seven canine right heart bypass preparations during and after the intraauricular administration of sodium bicarbonate (100 ml, 1100 Osm, 60 mEq). Under conditions of constant cardiac input and left ventricular volume, sodium bicarbonate produced mild and brief left ventricular depression, as manifested by a decline of left ventricular dp/dt with simultaneous rise of left ventricular end-diastrolic and left atrial pressures. These findings occurred as aortic impedance fell. Identical results accrued in paced and unpaced preparations. The data lends credence to the proposition that a sudden rise in blood pCO2 produces increased transport of CO2 across the cardiac membranes with intracellular acidosis. However, the data is also compatible with hyperosmolality induced contractile depression. Possible clinical implications are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Effect of sodium bicarbonate on canine left ventricular function. 1 35

Vectarion has a powerful respiratory stimulant effect in animals and in man which is manifested by a significant and lasting increase in ventilation, as shown by a marked lowering of arterial P. CO2 and an increase in blood pH. This activity is maintained in dogs with experimental alkalosis or acidosis as well as during morphine or oxygen-induced respiratory depression. This respiratory stimulating action originates at the level of the aortic and carotid chemo-receptors: this explains why Vectarion is devoid of any epileptogenic risk. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the peak of activity and duration of action of an intravenous perfusion of Vectarion, in such a way as to be able to plan administration all through the day and night.
 ...
PMID:[Kinetics of action of Vectarion. Ventilatory chemo-stimulant (author's transl)]. 3 8

The metabolic effects of 60-min exposure to 250-2000 mg gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) per kilogram or 150-1200 mg gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) per kilogram were studied in rats by measurement of the cerebral hemisphere contents of energy phosphates and glycolytic-Krebs' cycle metabolites. A general pattern of increased glycogen and glucose with decreased pyruvate, lactate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and malate was observed. This pattern in association with unchanged adenylates and decreased energy phosphate utilization was consistent with a metabolic adaptation to a state of cerebral depression. The major qualitative difference between the two drugs was that higher doses of GBL were associated with additional decreases of citrate and glutamate. Since these doses of GBL were also associated with acute increases of arterial CO2 tension, it is proposed that these differences were secondary to hypercapnia and not due to a distinctive primary action of GBL. Derivation of the cytoplasmic NAD(P)H:NAD(P)+ ratios indicated that GHB and GBL were not associated with consistent alterations of the cytoplasmic redox state.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of the effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone on cerebral carbohydrate metabolism. 4 Jun 77

Marijuana is widely used, yet few data concerning its actions combined with other drugs exist. Psychologic, respiratory and cardiovascular effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component of marijuana, combined with oxymorphone (OXM) or with pentobarbital (PBL), were studies in 15 healthy volunteers. Oxymorphone, 1.0 mg/70 kg, iv, caused sedation and ventilatory depression (minute ventilation: 24.9 plus or minus 11.9 SD to 14.1 plus or minus 4.9 1/min with PETCO2 held at 50 torr) in eight volunteers. TCH (27, 40, 60, 90, and 134 mug/kg, iv) increased sedation and further decreased ventilation with each TCH dose to 6.6 plus or minus 3.7 1/min after 134 mug/kg. The combination of OXM and THC decreased the CO2-ventilation slope from 2.23 to 0.88 1/min/torr. When THC, 134 mug/kg, was added to OXM, which alone caused no significant cardiovascular change, cardiac index (4.1 plus or minus 1.3 to 5.0 plus or minus 2.2 1/min/m-2) and heart rate (66 plus or minus 12 to 107 plus or minus 31 beats/min) significantly increased and total peripheral resistance (1,030 plus or minus 260 to 660 plus or minus 200 dynes-sec/cm-5) decreased. Heart rates exceeded 150 beats/min in two subjects after 27 and 134 mug/kg THC. Pentobarbital alone, 100 mg/70 kg, iv, caused no significant ventilatory or cardiovascular change. THC, after PBL pretreatment, induced hallucinations and anxiety in five of seven volunteers; four failed to complete all five doses of THC becuase of the severe psychologic effects. The combination of PBL and 40 to 134 mug/kg THC did not affect ventilation significantly. After PBL pretreatment, THC significantly increased heart rate (76 plus or minus 17 to 130 plus or minus 32 beats/min). Cardiac index also increased (3.8 plus or minus 0.8 to 5.6 plus or minus 1.9 1/min/m-2) and total peripheral resistance decreased (1,070 plus or minus 240 to 720 plus or minus 300 dynes-sec/cm-5). Three subjects developed heart rates esceeding 150 beats/min after 27, 27, and 90 mug/kg THC; in all three, heart rates fell from maximal value with a further dose of THC.
 ...
PMID:Combination of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol with oxymorphone or pentobarbital: Effects on ventilatory control and cardiovascular dynamics. 4 48

Ten healthy subjects were tested for their peripheral respiratory chemosensitivities by the withdrawal technique two times on separate days. Hypoxic hypercapnia of PET, O2 75, 65 AND 55 mmHg with PET, CO2, 5 mmHg higher than the control level was replaced by 100% O2 two times with spontaneous respiration. Then, breath-by-breath depression calculated in minute ventilation (delta V) was observed during the period 5-20 sec after the first O2 inhalation. The results were analyzed by the linear relationship between PET, O2 and 1n delta V, and PaO2 and 1n delta V. Delta V at P02 50 mmHg, delta V50, was 9.09 +/- 6.81 liters/min (mean +/- SD) in PET, O2-1n delta V analysis and 9.22 +/- 7.46 liters/min in PaO2-1n delta V analysis, respectively. The averaged day to day variation of delta V50 expressed by SE in % was 5.3% in PET, O2-1n delta V analysis and 11.5% in PaO2-1n delta V analysis, respectively.
 ...
PMID:A quantitative evaluation for peripheral respiratory chemosensitivities by the withdrawal test in man. 12 Apr 62

Intravenous injection of CT 1341 (a mixture of alphaxalone and alphadolone dissolved in cremophor el) induced a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured by 133Xe clearance in cats with artificial respiration (the mean reduction in CBF was 2 ml/100 g/mn for 1,2 mg/kg or CT 1341. So, CBF was decreased by 22% when CT 1341 (7,2 mg/kg) was intravenously injected, (mean Pa CO2 equals 30 mm Hg). Changes in CBF following CT 1341 intravenous injection seems to be caused by cerebral vascular constriction evidenced by the direct observation of pial vessels. Following intravenous injection of CT 1341 (from 7, 2 mg/kg to 19,2 mg/kg), the cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia or hypocapnia was not affected, but autoregulation of cerebral blood flow was transiently abolished. In animals with free respiration, CBF was increased in relation with the elevation in Pa CO2 caused by the depression of respiration.
 ...
PMID:[Effects of combination alfaxalone and alfadolone, anesthetic derivatives of pregnanedione, on cerebral hemodynamics in cats]. 12 19

A personal sampling apparatus for firefighters was developed to sample the fire atmosphere for CO, CO2, O2, NO2, HCI, HCN and pariculate content. Two fire companies made ninety successful sample runs during structural fires. CO presented a potential acute hazard and particulate concentrations were high. HCN was detected at low levels in half the samples. HCI was detected in only eight samples but on two occasions exceeded 100 ppm. CO2 and NO2 levels and O2 depression do not appear to represent significant hazards.
 ...
PMID:Exposure of firefighters to toxic air contaminants. 21 40

Octanoate is avidly incorporated into triglycerides by isolated rat adipocytes in the presence of glucose via direct esterification without prior beta-oxidation to acetyl CoA. This was shown by separation of the products formed from (1-14C) octanoate into lipid classes using Florisil columns, and after alkaline hydrolysis of the triglyceride fraction, by cochromatogrpahy with authentic fatty acids on reverse-phase Celite columns. The relative contribution of (U-14C) glucose and (1-14C) octanoate to triglyceride synthesis and CO2 formation were studied under a variety of conditions. Concentrations of octanoate below 0.5 mM have a stimulatory effect on the conversion of (U-14C) glucose to CO2, triglycerides and esterified fatty acids. However, a marked depression of fatty acid synthesis from (U-14C) glucose was observed in the presence of millimolar concentrations of octanoate. Octanoate had no effect on the esterification of palmitate, but palmitate strongly depressed the ability of rat adipocytes to esterify octanoate.
 ...
PMID:Metabolism of octanoate and its effect on glucose and palmitate utilization by isolated fat cells. 23 73

In anaesthesiology of today, due to the increased use of strong analgetics, it is necessary to have an effective antagonist for mini- mizing the danger of respiratory depression in postoperative period. Naloxone, ( Narcan , R-Endo Laboratories Inc., Subsidiary of E. J. du Pont de Nemours and Co., (Inc.), USA), a new narcotic antagonist was investigated in this study. It has been applied to 58 patients in cases of respiratory depression at the end of anaesthesia in which fentanyl was given, (these cases constituted 14% of all anaesthesias). Fentanyl was given intravenously in fractional doses, (fig 1), during NLA, and other general anaesthesias, for operation and diagnostic examination ( exeption of cardiosurgery), in children and adolescents from two month-to nineteen years of age, (tab. 1.). Naloxone was given intravenously, in fractional doses from 1 microgram to 5 micrograms/kg body weight. As a criterium of an antidepressive effect of Naloxone--in addition to clinical evaluation, blood gases analyses and continuous capnographic recording has been accepted. In all 58 cases diminition of respiratory depression was observed 2-3 min. after injected each dose of Naloxone. Respiratory rate increased from 15 to 22/min. concentration of CO2 in expired gases decreased from 5-6% to 4,5%, (fig. 2 and 3), and regain of consciousness, and return of intensive reaction to endotracheal tube stimulation was observed. Naloxone produced neither changes in the cardiovascular system, nor side effects. Based on these results Naloxone has been suggested as an effective narcotic antagonist. It increase of the possibility of applying strong analgetics in children--allowing to keep a steady level of anaesthesia with easy elimination respiratory depression in the desired period of time.
 ...
PMID:[Naloxone as a drug for improving anesthesia results in children]. 26 40


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>