Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was studied in 64 age-matched healthy volunteers, 44 patients with endogenous depression, and 21 patients with schizophrenia. A significant negative correlation between delta TSH and age was found both in healthy subjects and in depressed patients. We based our comparison on normal ranges for delta TSH calculated from the delta TSH values in the healthy subjects related to age. It was then seen that blunted TSH response to TRH does not occur significantly more often in depression (13.6%) than in healthy controls (4.7%). Blunted TRH test results were also found in a considerable number of severely ill schizophrenic patients (19%). Application of an improved radioimmunoassay revealed a highly significant correlation between TSH values at baseline and after stimulation, and showed decreased baseline TSH levels in subjects with blunted TRH test results.
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PMID:Effects of age and diagnosis on thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in psychiatric patients. 308 11

TRH-induced thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) responses were investigated together with a dexamethasone suppression test in female psychiatric inpatients with major melancholic depression (n = 21), schizophrenic disorder (n = 20), alcohol dependence (n = 11), and adjustment disorder with predominantly depressed mood (n = 13), as well as in 15 healthy women. Abnormal responses for all four endocrine variables were noted most frequently in melancholia; however, a significant number of the non-depressed patients also had abnormal hormonal responses in the individual test. The association of two or three abnormalities proved to be quite specific for the melancholic group. There were no statistically significant differences in TRH-induced TSH responses among the patient subgroups. Non-suppression of cortisol after dexamethasone was associated with blunted TSH-responses only in melancholia. There was a tendency for non-suppressor schizophrenics to show more abnormal GH-responses to TRH administration.
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PMID:Associations among dexamethasone non-suppression and TRH-induced hormonal responses: increased specificity for melancholia? 309 67

TRH tests were performed on 131 patients with RDC diagnoses of major depressive disorders to study altered endocrine control mechanisms in subtypes of depression. The TSH response to TRH was measured in all patients. In more than a third of the sample the prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) responses were also analysed. There were no differences between bipolar, primary unipolar and secondary unipolar patients in means of any endocrine variable. However, the expected positive correlation between baseline TSH and delta TSH was absent in the secondary unipolar group, indicating a dysregulation of pituitary TRH receptor sensitivity in this depressive subtype. Only delta TSH was dependent on depressive state, being lower in currently ill primary unipolar patients only. Patients with melancholic features (endogeneity scores high) had blunted TSH responses. Weight loss was connected with TSH blunting in all depressive subtypes. Among patients with blunted delta TSH (less than 5 mU/l) there was no relationship between degree of weight loss and delta TSH. Further, examination of partial correlation coefficients suggests weight loss of affect delta TSH by virtue of its being part of the melancholic syndrome. A significant correlation between blunted delta TSH and nonsuppression of cortisol in the DST was found only among primary unipolar patients, arguing for some independence of the TRH test and the DST in mirroring disturbed endocrine controls in depression.
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PMID:TRH tests with analyses of TSH, prolactin, and GH responses in subtypes of patients with major depressive disorders. 309 81

The aims of the present study were to investigate the value of adding DSM-III diagnosis and Newcastle Scale Rating to the ICD-8 diagnosis currently used and to investigate the association between Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) and the Thyrotropine Releasing Hormone- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TRH-TSH) test and the three classification systems for depression. Twenty-six depressed in-patients were included, 17 women and 9 men, with a mean age of 51.5 years. Fourteen patients were psychotic depressed. DST and Newcastle Scale Rating were performed on 18 patients and TRH-TSH test was performed on 16 patients. The addition of DSM-III diagnosis on the 4-digit level did not have any value compared to the ICD-8 diagnosis. However, DSM-III diagnosis on the 5-digit level added important clinical information which corresponded better to Newcastle Scale scores and DST and TRH-TSH test results than ICD-8 diagnosis. The main advantage of the DSM-III classification of depression on the 5-digit level compared to ICD-8 concerns depression on the border between psychosis and neurosis. In clinical practice there is a risk of underestimating the severity of a depression if ICD-8/9 is used as the only criterion for severity. This may have tragic consequences for the patient. This study suggests that rating of the depression on the Newcastle Scale or provision of a DSM-III diagnosis on the 5-digit level are valuable assessment procedures of severity.
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PMID:A comparison of DSM-III and ICD-8 diagnoses for major affective disorders and the use of biological markers for depression. 309 84

In an evaluation of the possible role of dopamine on TRH test results, 21 depressed patients were given TRH before and after one week of treatment with a low dose of haloperidol. Haloperidol significantly increased serum prolactin (both basal and after TRH) and cortisol levels, decreased body temperature, and had no effect on serum TSH, growth hormone, or thyroid hormone levels. Five of six patients with initial TSH blunting were retested with TRH; in four patients the TSH response remained blunted. These data render it unlikely that dopamine exerts a major inhibitory input on TSH secretion in depression.
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PMID:The TRH test during dopamine receptor blockade in depressed patients. 309 92

Although relationships between hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and behavior have been suspected for more than two centuries, there existed no framework within which they could be understood. It now appears that disturbances in the HPT-axis have more to do with affective state than with any other aspect of mentation, save possibly cognition. First, depression is the most frequently observed psychiatric symptom in patients suffering from hypothyroidism. Second, approximately 30% of euthyroid patients with major depression show a blunted, i.e., attenuated TSH response after TRH administration. Third, it is now well established that a small dose of thyroid hormone will accelerate the antidepressant effect of tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) in women, and convert TCA non-responders into responders in both sexes. Fourth, administration of TRH may induce an increased sense of well-being and relaxation in some patients and healthy volunteers. However, little is known about the pathophysiologic mechanism whereby evocative emotional factors express their effect on the HPT axis, or whereby thyroid gland alterations express their behavioral effects. Longitudinal, prospective studies of both patients with thyroid disease and patients with depression (through close collaboration between endocrinology and psychiatry) are most likely to separate cause and effect in most instances.
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PMID:Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis: a psychoneuroendocrine perspective. 309 18

The TRH stimulation test was administered to 10 cocaine and 10 phencyclidine abusers as well as to 10 controls. No subjects had clinical evidence of depression. Significantly more blunting of the response of TSH to TRH was shown in cocaine and phencyclidine abusers compared with that seen in controls. No significant differences in blunting of response were seen between the cocaine and phencyclidine groups.
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PMID:Blunting of TSH response to TRH in chronic cocaine and phencyclidine abusers. 310 May 9

When 500 micrograms of TRH is given intravenously, an increase in TSH, blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and positive emotions follows. Four groups of patients with major, minor or bipolar depression or schizoaffective disorder increased their TSH levels by similar amounts after TRH. The neurohormone also significantly increased diastolic blood pressure by 5.5 +/- 1.6 mm Hg, and decreased heart rate by 7.6 +/- 1.3 beats/min. There was a weak trend for bipolar depressives to have less cardiovascular response to TRH than the other groups. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) was higher after TRH than after placebo. The NE response differed between patient groups (P = .0023) because of a smaller response by major depressives. TRH decreased anger, tension and depression, and increased friendliness. Positive emotional responses were significantly greater in the bipolar depressives than in other groups. Forty-one other studies have found a subnormal TSH response does not distinguish between subtypes of the affective disorders, but cardiovascular, catecholamine and mood responses may do so.
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PMID:Cardiovascular, catecholamine and psychological responses to TRH in four types of affective disorder patients. 310 31

To evaluate the diagnostic utility of TSH blunting, the TRH-induced TSH response was measured in 168 normal subjects and 176 psychiatric patients. It was blunted in some acutely depressed, alcoholic, and borderline patients, but not in schizophrenic patients. In both depression and alcoholism the fault also occurred during symptomatic recovery, though with reduced frequency. Although TSH blunting was useful in distinguishing between borderline and schizophrenic patients, its diagnostic utility in identifying or confirming an existing psychiatric disorder appears to be limited. TSH blunting is not specific for any particular psychiatric diagnosis, and its sensitivity generally is low. However, the fault has promising research utility, particularly for study of the biologic interface between depression, alcoholism and borderline personality disorder. Beyond this, further study of the possible trait nature of TSH blunting in both depression and alcoholism appears warranted.
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PMID:Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of the TRH-induced TSH response in psychiatric disorders. 311 Aug

A group of 27 patients with definite (n = 20) or probable (n = 7) RDC major depressive disorder underwent 2 sleep EEGs and 1 TRH test while in a drug-free depressive phase. A short mean REM latency (less than 60 min) identified 55.5% of major depressives while added use of blunted TSH responses (delta max. less than 5 microU/ml) increased that percentage by 11%. When patients were subdivided into RDC endogenous and nonendogenous, mean REM latency and global depression scores distinguished the 2 groups, while delta TSH did not. A short mean REM latency identified endogenous depression with 80% specificity and 76% sensitivity. The combination of REM latency and delta TSH reduced the specificity to 60%, and therefore cannot be recommended for differentiating endogenous from nonendogenous depression.
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PMID:Biological heterogeneity of major depressive disorder: indications by sleep EEG and TRH stimulation test findings. 312 30


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