Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty patients attending for surgical treatment of chronic constipation (n = 21) or faecal incontinence (n = 29) were studied using two psychiatric screening tests: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Each patient was assessed preoperatively and 6-12 months postoperatively. Results were compared with age and sex-matched controls (n = 50). Constipated patients had significantly higher HAD depression scores compared with controls (median and range): 6 (2-12) versus 4 (0-8), P less than 0.05. Constipated patients who were improved by operation (n = 13) had significantly lower preoperative HAD anxiety scores compared with those who were not improved (n = 8): 8 (3-14) versus 15 (10-19), P less than 0.01; they also had significantly lower HAD depression scores: 4 (2-12) versus 7 (5-11), P less than 0.05. Using these parameters incontinent patients did not differ from controls, but patients who had a bad result after operation (n = 15) had significantly higher HAD anxiety scores than those who obtained clinical benefit (n = 14): 10 (2-15) versus 6 (2-12), P less than 0.05; HAD depression scores were also greater: 5 (2-15) versus 3 (0-9), P less than 0.05; and GHQ scores were greater: 12 (0-47) versus 4 (0-41), P less than 0.05.
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PMID:Psychiatric screening for patients with faecal incontinence or chronic constipation referred for surgical treatment. 272 Mar 44

This study of 49 preadolescent psychiatric inpatients, aged 6-12 years, evaluated changes from the time of admission to 7 weeks later in ratings of suicidal behavior, assaultive behavior, depression, hopelessness, and global functioning. Standard research instruments were used to measure these variables. There were significant decreases in suicidal behavior, assaultiveness, and depression and a significant increase in global assessment during the 7 weeks of hospitalization. Severity of suicidal behavior and severity of assaultive behavior at admission predicted a subsequent change in level of suicidal behavior. Furthermore, severity of suicidal behavior at admission was the best indicator of a change in severity of suicidal behavior.
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PMID:Changes in suicidal behavior in child psychiatric inpatients. 275 May 44

This retrospective study examined the clinical characteristics and the course of 26 patients with major affective disorders who repeatedly relapsed during or shortly after antidepressant tapering off at the usual 6-12-month intervals. The patients apparently required long-term antidepressant continuation therapy not preventive therapy, as they were unable to be successfully tapered off antidepressants over a mean of 36.6 months. In contrast with a group of 15 randomly selected patients with a more typical recurrent course of illness and successful tapers after 6-12 months of treatment, the long-term continuation therapy patients were younger, had a longer duration of depression before entering treatment, and were more likely to meet the DSM-III criteria for concomitant dysthymic, panic, or personality disorder or major depression with psychotic features. The findings suggest that secondary Axis I and Axis II diagnoses in antidepressant-responsive depressed patients are associated with the need for long-term continuation treatment.
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PMID:Long-term continuation antidepressant treatment: a comparison study. 276

The significance of a "reciprocal" ST depression (ST(-)) in the acute phase of myocardial infarction remains controverted. This may be due to ST(-) not having the same determinants when studied at an early stage (less than 6 hours) or later (greater than 6 hours). The purpose of this study was to find out whether "reciprocal" ST(-) correlates with the same parameters when measured on very early ECG's (before 6 hours) or at a distance from the onset of infarction. The parameters concerned are coronary lesions, extent of the infarction and left ventricular function. ECG was performed in 46 patients with inferior infarct aged from 26 to 70 years (mean 50.8 +/- 9.2 years) between 2-6 h, 6-12 h, 12-24 h and 24-48 h from the beginning of pain. The sum of ST(-) on V1V2V2V4 (V1-4), D1aV1V1 to V6 and L1aV1V5V6, and the sum of ST elevation on L2L3aVf were measured at each period of time. The extent of global and anterior territory hypokinesia, the ejection fraction and the left coronary impairment were evaluated between the 2nd and 4th weeks. At 2-6 hours (a) the sum of ST(-) was greater (though not significantly), and the sum of ST elevation on L2L3aVf was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) when the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was not involved than when it was involved; (b) there was no difference between patients with and without ST depression (on all lead groups) in the degree of left ventricular hypokinesia and ejection fraction value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Reciprocal changes in the ST segment in acute inferior myocardial infarction. Value of delay in appearance]. 311 40

Depressions in general practice tend to be mild and non-endogenous. The value of antidepressants and indications for their use in such depressions are not well documented. One hundred and forty one general practice depressives were treated from four to six weeks with amitriptyline in median dose 125 mgs daily or placebo in a randomised controlled trial. Significant drug placebo differences were apparent by two weeks and were strong by six weeks. Detailed examination of symptom ratings showed that the effect was a true antidepressant one, on core symptoms of depression. Interactions were examined between drug-placebo differences and a range of predictor characteristics. There were no significant interactions for demographic characteristics, history of illness or endogenous depression in terms of symptom pattern, absence of life stress or non-neurotic personality. Drug was superior to placebo in all subgroups. Only for initial severity of illness were significant interactions found. Amitriptyline was superior to placebo in probable and definite major depressions on the Research Diagnostic Criteria but not in minor depressions. It was also superior to placebo in patients with initial Hamilton Scale scores of more than 12, but not 6-12. Overall these findings indicate that tricyclic antidepressant is of clear therapeutic benefit in a spectrum of milder depressions except for the most mild of these.
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PMID:Are tricyclic antidepressants useful for mild depression? A placebo controlled trial. 328 83

The purpose of this study was to identify parent and family characteristics related to juvenile firesetting and antisocial behavior among severely disturbed children. Hospitalized children (ages 6-12) identified as firesetters (n = 27) and non-firesetters (n = 27) were compared in terms of parental psychopathology, dyadic adjustment, and family environment. To separate the impact of conduct disorder in contributing to group differences, diagnosis and firesetting status were separated in the data analyses. The results indicated that parents of firesetters showed significantly greater dysfunction in terms of psychiatric symptoms, and higher levels of depression, and reported lower levels of affectional expression, consensus, and overall adjustment in their dyadic relationships. The findings suggest that among a clinical sample, specific parent and marital characteristics delineate firesetters. The contribution of parental and marital influences to antisocial behavior more generally and the need to focus specifically on firesetting in relation to these variables are discussed.
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PMID:Parent psychopathology and family functioning among childhood firesetters. 372 26

Medical histories of 436 patients treated with Ovulen after childbirth or an abortion were examined in order to collect a sample of women who had taken the orals for 6-12 cycles. A group of 70 patients was thus formed. The following parameters were investigated: weight variation; blood pressure; nausea and vomiting; varicosities; variation in menstrual flow and length of period; breast-related side effects; jaundice; psychic alteration, i.e., nervousness, anxiety, or depression; changes in libido; headaches; skin changes; and pregnancy. Results are presented both in graph and table form. Weight change was found to tend more to loss than to gain. No statistically significant changes in blood pressure were observed. Nausea and associated symptoms tended to disappear after the 9th cycle. Edema was present in only 6% of all cycles. The most common side effect was varicosities, present in 25% of the sample, but in no instance did thrombosis occur nor was varicosity a cause for discontinuation in any case. Breast-related side effects were more common at the outset. No jaundice was observed. Psychic alterations were not common and were mostly insignificant and tended to occur more frequently at the outset. 12% of the sample had headaches from the beginning of treatment up until the 8th month, after which they began to disappear. Only 1 patient had chloasma and then only during the 1st 2 cycles. There was a marked tendency toward menorrhagia which was thought to be beneficial due to the prevalence of anemia in the group. Changes in libido were minimal and tended to disappear after the 8th cycle. None of the patients became pregnant.
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PMID:[Secondary effects of ethynodiol diacetate plus mestranol]. 535 18

The authors evaluated the presence of assaultive behavior in 103 children, aged 6-12 years, seen in the psychiatric inpatient and outpatient services of a municipal hospital. No racial or ethnic differences were found. Boys were significantly more assaultive than girls and used fire setting and hitting with objects more often. Inpatients were significantly more assaultive than outpatients. Children with conduct disorders, specific developmental disorders, and mental retardation were more assaultive than those with neurotic disorders. Multiple regression analysis showed that the child's past aggressive behavior, absence of anxiety and depression, and parental assaultive behavior were the best predictors of assaultive behavior.
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PMID:Predictors of assaultiveness in latency age children. 618 81

Oral contrceptives (OCs), usd by over 30% of reproductive aged women in Belgium, are by far the most widely used contraceptive in that country. The various types of OCs include monophasic, biphasic, and triphasic combinations of an estrogen and a progestin, sequentials containing estrogen only for 7-14 days followed by a progestin through the 21st day; macrodose or microdose progestin only formulations, 3-month injectable progestins, and the morning after pill. Side effects of OCs are mainly due to metabolic effects on coagulation factors, the renin-angiotensin system, glucose tolerance, or the lipid profile. Users of OCs face increased risks of cholelithiases, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolism, cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarcts (among smokers over 35 years of age), and hepatic adenomas. The most troubling secondary effect is the excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality show by contraceptive users, not just those who are obese, hypertensive, or who have histories of vascular pathology, but also those over 40 years of age and smokers. Lenght of use of OCs does not increase vascular risks. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that vascular risks are reduced in lower dose formulations. Absolute contraindications to OC use include serious cardiovascular problems, severe hepatic pathology, estrogen-dependent tumors, pregnancy and undiagnosed gynecologic problems, and significant hyperlipidemia. Relative contraindications include severe headaches, cholelithiase, previous cholestasis of pregnancy, severe renal disease, fibromyomas, benign breast disease, age over 40 years, smoking, surgery anticipated within 4 weeks, infectious mononucleosis, falciform anemia, and immediate postpartum and lactation. Epilepsy, diabetes, depression, and varicose veins are not strictly speaking contraindications but require additonal surveillance. Lower dose formulations should be prescribed if possible. OC users should be followed up every 6-12 months. Among other steroidal contraceptive methods, sequential OCs and high dose progestin-only formulations are used for short-term treatment of specific conditions. Progestin-only minipills are used when an OC is desired but estrogens are contraindicated. Injectable progestins should be reserved for patients who for cultural or medical reasons can use no other type of contraceptive. Morning-after pills should not be considered a regular form of contraception. If OCs are used in adolescents, a low dose pill is indicated. Low dose OCs may be indicated for diabetics because of the danger of infection with IUDs and the lesser efficacy of barrier methods. If OCs are used in epileptics, they should be regular dosed because of the danger of drug interactions. Only low-dose formulations and progestin-only minipills should be used by women over 40.
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PMID:[The choice of oral contraception in 1984: general indications and specific cases]. 672 93

Enflurane anesthesia for cesarean section has given favourable results with regard to anesthetic effect and lack of depression of the neonate. Enflurane is metabolized to fluoride. High serum levels of inorganic fluoride are nephrotoxic. The nephrotoxic level is known for healthy adult kidneys but not for neonatal kidneys. In a study on enflurane anesthesia for cesarean section serum analyses revealed increased inorganic fluoride levels in the neonates. To exclude unwanted effects on the children, a follow-up study was undertaken 6-12 months after delivery. General development and renal function were studied. No abnormalities were found, indicating that enflurane anesthesia for cesarean section has no persistent unfavourable effects on the children.
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PMID:Anesthesia for cesarean section.--VI Late effects on the infant of enflurane anesthesia for cesarean section. 744 35


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