Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Preoperative folate levels were initially normal in 30 patients with gastrointestinal tract disease but fell within 48 h by 60-95% in 20 patients who received intravenous nutrition for 6-12 d with aminoacid-sorbitol-ethanol (ASE). This depression persisted in patients not given folate supplements. Folate levels in 10 control patients not given ASE showed only minimal decline. Haematological changes were reduced to a minimum in 10 patients given 0.5 mg i.v. folic acid daily whilst eight unsupplemented patients showed evidence of megaloblastic haemopoiesis. Three of these eight patients developed thrombocytopenia and/or leukopenia which was fatal in one patient.
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PMID:Acute folate deficiency associated with intravenous nutrition with aminoacid-sorbitol-ethanol: prophylaxis with intravenous folic acid. 41 77

The fine structure of isolated chitin synthetase (UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose:chitin 4-beta-acetamido-deoxyglucosyltransferase; EC 2-4-1-16) particles (chitosomes) from Mucor rouxii and the elaboration of chitin microfibrils were studied by electron microscopy. Chitosomes are spheroidal, but often polymorphic, structures, mostly 40-70 nm in diameter. Their appearance after negative staining varies. Some reveal internal granular structure enclosed by a shell measuring 6-12 nm thick; others do not show internal structure but have a pronounced depression of the external surface. In thin sections, isolated chitosomes appear as microvesicular structures with a tripartite shell 6.5-7.0 nm thick. Morphologically similar structures can be seen in intact cells of M. rouxii. Isolated chitosomes undergo a seemingly irreversible series of transformations when substrate and activators are added. The internal structure changes, and a coiled microfibril (fibroid) appears inside the chitosome. The shell of the chitosome is opened or shed, and an extended microfibril arises from the fibroid particle. During prolonged incubation, the fibroid coils become less common and extended microfibrils appear thicker. We regard the chitosome as the cytoplasmic container and conveyor of chitin synthetase en route to its destination at the cell surface. Isolated chitosomes are well suited for integrated ultrastructural-biochemical studies of microfibril biogenesis in vitro.
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PMID:Structure and transformation of chitin synthetase particles (chitosomes) during microfibril synthesis in vitro. 107 6

Occurrence of learning disabilities was determined in 30 inpatient children aged 6-12 with major depressive disorder (MDD). Learning disabilities (LD) occurred seven times more often compared to community base rates (33% v 4.7%). While rates of comorbid diagnoses, severity of depression, and children's and parents' reports (DICA-C, DICA-P) did not differ between groups, teachers' reports (TRS, TRF) indicated increased classroom problems and poorer adaptive functioning in MDD/LD subjects (P < 0.0001).
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PMID:Depression and learning disabilities in children. 143 Jun 68

Activity of the respiratory muscles that are not normally active during eupnea (genioglossal and abdominal) has been shown to be more vulnerable to hypoxic depression than inspiratory diaphragmatic activity. We hypothesized that respiratory muscles that are active at eupnea would be equally vulnerable to isocapnic progressive brain hypoxia (PBH). Phrenic (PHR) and triangularis sterni nerve (TSN) activity were recorded in anesthetized peripherally chemodenervated vagotomized ventilated cats. Hypercapnia [arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) = 57 +/- 3 (SE) Torr] produced parallel increases in peak PHR and TSN activity. PBH [0.5% CO-40% O2-59.5% N2, arterial O2 content (CaO2) reduced from 13.1 +/- 1.0 to 3.7 +/- 0.3 vol%] resulted in parallel decreases of peak PHR and TSN activity to neural apnea. PBH was continued until PHR gasping ensued (CaO2 = 2.9 +/- 0.2 vol%); TSN activity remained silent during gasping. After 6-12 min of recovery (95% O2-5% CO2; CaO2 = 7.8 +/- 0.8 vol%; PaCO2 = 55 +/- 2 Torr), peak PHR activity was increased to 110 +/- 18% (% of activity at 9% CO2) whereas peak TSN activity was augmented to 269 +/- 89%. The greater augmentation of TSN activity during the recovery period could not be explained solely by hypercapnia. In conclusion, we found that 1) TSN expiratory and PHR inspiratory activities are equally vulnerable to hypoxic depression and 2) recovery from severe hypoxia is characterized by a profound augmentation of TSN expiratory activity.
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PMID:Triangularis sterni and phrenic nerve responses to progressive brain hypoxia. 159 45

Poisoning with the plant Lasiospermum bipinnatum was studied in 9 lambs. Intraruminal doses, varying from 1-12 g/kg/day of dried plant, were administered to 8 animals and 1 was fed 2.5 g/kg/day of the material mixed with maize meal for 13 days. Periodic serum analyses were done to monitor liver function. Lambs given 6-12 g/kg/day died or were killed in extremis. Clinical signs included progressive anorexia and depression in all these lambs and icterus in 2 animals. Lambs given 1-4 g/kg/day were sacrificed after about 2 weeks. Clinical signs in these animals were minimal or absent. Hepatosis was found in all the lambs, the severity of which correlated with levels of plant administered. Centrilobular necrosis and haemorrhage occurred in 2 of the 4 lambs given high doses; single cell necrosis of hepatocytes was observed with intermediate doses, and diffuse degeneration, which was more severe peripherally, was seen at various doses. In 1 lamb, degeneration was most severe midzonally. Bile ductule epithelial proliferation was observed in 7 of the 9 poisoned animals. Marked hypertrophy of hepatocellular smooth endoplasmic reticulum was seen in 3 lambs given low doses. The hepatic lesions were compared with those reported for poisoning by other hepatotoxic plants belonging to the family Asteraceae and found to be indistinguishable.
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PMID:The pathology of experimental Lasiospermum bipinnatum (Thunb.) Druce (Asteraceae) poisoning in sheep. I. Hepatic lesions. 198 88

A two-stage epidemiologic study investigated the frequency of suicidal behavior in children 12-14 years of age. In the first stage, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, a three-item suicide scale, a life-event schedule, and a family environment scale were administered during 1986 to a southeastern US community sample of 1,542 seventh and eighth grade students. In the second stage, 226 mother-child pairs were interviewed utilizing the Schedule for Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders in School Age Children (K-SADS). Subjects interviewed included students with high depression scores and a random sample of the remaining students. Prevalence estimates for moderate to severe suicidal ideation (K-SADS score greater than or equal to 4) were 4.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-16.4%) in males and 8.7% (95% CI 2.4-23.3%) in females. The prevalences of suicide attempts were 1.9% (95% CI 0.0-13.2%) in males and 1.5% (95% CI 0.6-12.7%) in females. Significant relations were found between major depression and both suicide ideation (odds ratio = 6.19, 95% CI 1.53-24.94) and suicide attempts (odds ratio = 9.80, 95% CI 1.89-50.86). The undesirable life-events score was also a significant predictor of suicide ideation and suicide attempts.
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PMID:Suicidal behaviors in young adolescents. 777 77

Patients with diffuse, proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN) were subjected to differential solute clearances (n = 22) and serial renal biopsy (n = 11) before and again after 6-12 mo of immunosuppressive therapy. Glomerular sieving of dextrans of graded size was analyzed with a heteroporous membrane model. This revealed active DPLN to be associated with 1) a reduction of overall pore density accompanied by a 53% depression of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and 2) appearance of a subset of large, nondiscriminatory pores, which accounted for the observed nephrotic level of proteinuria. Morphometric analysis of biopsy tissue provided evidence of reduced filtration surface area due to global or segmental occlusion of capillary loops in glomerular tufts. Activity of DPLN resolved posttreatment. A computed increase in pore density was associated with a 24% increment in GFR; a marked reduction in the fraction of shuntlike pores was accompanied by a parallel reduction of proteinuria into a subnephrotic range. Repeat biopsy revealed diminished glomerular cellularity, fewer immune deposits, and an ensuing increase in the fraction of tuft area occupied by patent loops. Epithelial filtration slit frequency also increased. Neither functional nor structural recovery was complete, however. Residual pore density approximated only 23-35% of that in healthy controls, and corresponding shuntlike pores were threefold more prominent. We conclude that severe DPLN is only partially reversible by current modalities of treatment and that the ensuing residual injury is far more severe than suggested by conventional tests of renal function.
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PMID:Extent of glomerular injury in active and resolving lupus nephritis: a theoretical analysis. 203 58

Thirty manic in-patients were interviewed in hospital using the LEDS, and 24 were re-interviewed 6-12 months after discharge. Data for life events were analysed by: comparing events before onset of mania and before re-interview; and comparing these manic patients with patients in other studies which examined life events and the onset of schizophrenia and depression. No relationship was found between life events and the onset of mania in this preliminary study. Previous studies reporting a link between events and the onset of mania have serious methodological flaws, and definitive data have yet to be produced.
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PMID:Life events and the onset of mania. 207 29

The influence of two different doses of oral naltrexone on the adverse effects and the analgesia of epidural morphine were compared in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Forty-five patients undergoing cesarean section were provided postoperative analgesia with 4 mg epidural morphine. Five minutes later they received 6 mg naltrexone, 9 mg naltrexone, or placebo as an oral solution. Pain relief was assessed by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and by direct questioning of the patients. Requirement for additional analgesics and side effects were noted. Respiratory effects of epidural morphine and naltrexone were assessed using the ventilatory responses to CO2 and by monitoring O2 saturation (Spo2) using pulse oximetry. All patients in the placebo group had adequate analgesia. One of the 15 patients who received naltrexone 6 mg had inadequate analgesia versus five of the 15 patients who received naltrexone 9 mg (P less than 0.05), 9 mg versus placebo. Ten patients (67%) in the placebo group had pruritus while no patient in the 6 mg naltrexone group and one patient in the 9 mg group experienced mild pruritus (P less than 0.05), placebo versus other two groups. The CO2 response slopes were depressed compared to control values from 6-16 h in the placebo group, from 6-12 h in the 6 mg naltrexone group. No significant depression was noted in the 9 mg naltrexone group. The authors conclude that oral naltrexone 6 mg significantly reduces the incidence of pruritus associated with epidural morphine without affecting analgesia and that 9 mg naltrexone is associated with shorter duration of analgesia than 6 mg naltrexone.
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PMID:Prophylactic oral naltrexone with epidural morphine: effect on adverse reactions and ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide. 210 73

Etomidate (ET) is a known hypnotic agent in neuroanesthesia. This study was designed to examine the reliability of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) after transcranial magnetic stimulation in monkeys anesthetized intravenously with ET. The ET regimen was as follows: an initial dose (0.5 mg/kg) followed by 13 doses (0.2 mg/kg every 6-12 min; mean, 8.0 +/- 1.3 min). The total dose administered was 3.1 mg/kg. The magnetic coil was placed over the MEP scalp stimulation region. Evoked electromyographic responses were recorded from the contralateral abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and abductor hallucis (AH) muscles of the fore- and hindlimbs, respectively. Reproducible MEP responses were consistently recorded while the animal was under total ET anesthesia. The coil demography was altered and the MEP scalp topography was moderately reduced by ET injections. Significant threshold elevation was noted after a total dose of 1.7 mg/kg for APB responses and 0.5 mg/kg for AH responses (P less than 0.05). Marked prolongation of latency was observed after a dose of 0.5 mg/kg for APB MEPs and 2.5 mg/kg for AH MEPs (P less than 0.05). MEP amplitude responses showed marked variability. Repeated doses of ET produced a mean threshold rise of 14 to 28% for the APB and 19 to 29% for the AH. The mean latency delay was 5 to 11% for the APB and 0.5 to 8% for the AH, while the mean amplitude depression was 24 to 59% for the APB and 15 to 50% for the AH. Apparent seizure activity or abnormalities in behavior and feeding were not noted over a 1-year period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of etomidate on motor evoked potentials induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the monkey. 192 26


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