Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of ruthenium red, 2.5 to 5 muM, on ganglionic transmission in rat superior cervical ganglia and frog abdominal ganglia were studied in vitro. In rat ganglia, ruthenium red caused a spontaneous firing of ganglia cells, and an increase in the amplitude and duration of the compound action potential following a single stimulus volley. However, transmission following a conditioning volley or a repetitive stimulus train to the preganglionic nerve was depressed up to 60 sec. The asynchronous firing caused by bethanechol was potentiated by ruthenium red. In the frog, ruthenium red caused repetitive firing of ganglion neurons following either orthodromic or antidromic stimulation. It is suggested that the potentiation of the single potential and the spontaneous firing are due to a ruthenium red-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration. The depression of transmission may be due to a temporary depletion of readily releasable acetylcholine. It is also suggested that ruthenium red has an effect on the postsynaptic membrane.
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1979 Dec
PMID:Potentiation and inhibition of ganglionic transmission by ruthenium red. 9 31

Chronic ammonia toxicity in experimental mice was induced by exposing them for 2 and 5 days to 5 % (v/v) ammonia solution. The enzymes concerned with glutamate metabolism (aspartate-, alanine- and tyrosine aminotransferases, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase) and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase were estimated in the three regions of brain (cerebellum, cerebral cortex and brain stem) and in liver. Glutamate, aspartate, alanine, glutamine and GABA, RNA and protein were also estimated in the three regions of brain and liver. A significant rise in the activity of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in all the three regions of brain along with a fall in the activity of alanine aminotransferase was noticed. Changes in the activities of other enzymes were also observed. A significant increase in alanine and a decrease in glutamic acid was observed while no change was observed in the content of other amino acids belonging to the glutamate family. As a result of this, changes in the ratios of glutamate/glutamine and glutamate + aspartate/GABA was observed. The results indicated that the brain was in a state of more depression and less of excitation. Under these conditions the liver tissue was showing a profound rise in the activity of the enzymes of glutamate metabolism. The results are further discussed.
Arch Int Physiol Biochim 1979 Dec
PMID:Chronic metabolic effects of ammonia in mouse brain. 9 19

Central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) metabolism can be disturbed in a subgroup of patients with vital (endogenous, primary) depression. Presumably these disturbances do not result from the depression and have a predisposing rather than a causative relationship to it. This latter statement is based on two observations. First, in a majority of patients, the 5-HT disturbances persist after depression has abated. Secondly, 5-hydroxytryptophan seems to have prophylactic value, in particular in patients with persistent abnormalities in central 5-HT metabolism. In this study we approached the hypothesis that 5-HT disturbances are a predisposing factor to the occurrence of depression from still another perspective. If this hypothesis is correct, then depressive patients with persistent 5-HT disturbances should have higher frequencies of depression than depressive patients without demonstrable 5-HT disturbances. This was indeed demonstrated. The same was true for family members of probands with low levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. No cerebrospinal fluid data are available for family members. The reported findings strongly support the predisposition hypothesis.
Psychiatry Res 1979 Dec
PMID:Central serotonin metabolism and frequency of depression. 9 33

This case report describes a 64-year-old woman with a cardiomyopathy and associated fascicular conduction disturbances partly related to digitalis therapy. Electrocardiograms showed incomplete left bundle branch block with left anterior hemiblock the latter, consistently changing in pattern and rhythm as in bidirectional tachycardia but at a relatively normal heart rate. The relationship of severe myocardial disease to the apparent likelihood of pre-existing depression of fascicular conduction in cases of bidirectional tachycardia precipitated by digitalis, is exemplified.
Afr J Med Med Sci 1977 Dec
PMID:Alternating left anterior hemiblock without associated tachycardia. 9 48

Protein-calorie malnutrition leads to depression of host cell-mediated immunity. Nutritional repletion initially results in rapid weight gain followed by a more gradual return of immunocompetence. Administration of a synthetic amino acid diet to normal animals did not preserve body weight or cell-mediated immunity any better than did a high carbohydrate, protein-free diet. Administration of a synthetic amino acid diet to malnourished animals maintained body weight, but did not restore immunocompetence. Proper nutritional repletion should provide both adequate protein and nonprotein calories if a return of immunocompetence is to be anticipated.
Ann Surg 1978 Dec
PMID:Effects of protein depletion and repletion on cell-mediated immunity in experimental animals. 10 68

The prevalence of depressive symptomatology was estimated in 154 patients attending a general out-patient clinic for the first time. The instrument used was Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The mean score on the SDS fell within the range of scores obtained by mildly depressed patients in previous studies. Even though many patients obtained scores corresponding to moderate or severe depression, non of the patients was referred to the psychiatric out-patient clinic located in the same hospital. The findings are discussed with respect to their diagnostic significance and the role of the general parctitioner in the management of patients with psychiatric disorder.
Afr J Med Med Sci 1978 Dec
PMID:Depressive symptomatology in patients attending a hospital-based general out-patient clinic. 10 44

The haemodynamic changes caused by intravenous mexiletine were studied in 12 patients. Initially the drug was given rapidly at the rate of 3 mg/kg/min for 10 minutes and then slowly at a rate of 0,06 mg/kg/min for 30 minutes. The plasma Mexiletine level measured after 20 minutes was used to divide the series of patients into two groups: in Group A the level was over 0,7 g/ml (0,961 +/- 0,109 microgram/ml) whilst in Group B the level was only 0,547 +/- 0,101 microgram/ml. The mean aortic pressure, heart rate and left ventricular end diastolic volume did not vary significantly in the two groups. The left ventricular end diastolic pressure rose, and the cardiac index and the ejection fraction fell in Group A. The indices of left ventricular contractility fell in all patients of the start of the injection. This depression only persisted to the end of the injection in Group A. Mexiteline did not cause significant changes in post extrasystolic potentialisation in the 5 cases in which this phenomenon was studied.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1979 Dec
PMID:[Hemodynamic effects of mexiletine]. 12 Jan 53

The reaction of masseter and digastric muscles to changes in the load applied during a movement was studied in human volunteers. 2. Rapid stretch of the jaw-closing muscles evoked a monosynaptic jaw-jerk reflex response in the masseteric electromyogram (e.m.g.) after a delay of 6-8 msec. 3. The averaged integrated e.m.g. activity of the masseter was increased 5-10 msec after the rapid application of a load during voluntary closure of the jaw. It was not necessary to stretch the muscle to obtain this apparently monosynaptic response. 4. A compensatory increase in the velocity of movement followed 6-10 msec after the e.m.g. peak. 5. Unloading the masseter muscle during contraction was followed by a fall in e.m.g. activity, beginning after a latency of 6-5--1 msec, with later phases of depression beginning 27--36 and 60--70 msec after unloading. 6. The spindle-poor digastric muscles were not monosynaptically activated during loading, but responded with a latency of 24--34 msec. 7. It is concluded that monosynaptic e.m.g. changes are a prominent feature of the load compensation system in human jaw-closing muscles but not in jaw-opening muscles.
J Physiol 1975 Dec
PMID:Load compensation in human masseter muscles. 12 27

Experiments were carried out in mice to investigate the influence of diazepam (DZP) on dexamphetamine, parachloro-N-methylamphetamine (pCMA), cocaine, morphine, trihexyphenidyl or (in MAOIs pretreated) reserpine induced motor hyperactivity. The interaction of DZP with these hyperactivities in which probably different biochemical central mechanisms are involved allows to construct a profile of action of DZP and to approach its mechanism of action. The locomotor hyperactivities induced by dexamphetamine, pCMA, morphine, cocaine were not reduced by DZP even by doses which decrease spontaneous locomotor activity; low doses of DZP enhance the hyperactivity induced by these compounds. Those induced by trihexyphenidyle or by reserpine (after MAOI) were reduced by DZP at doses which produce no decrease in spontaneous motor activity. Inasmuch as DZP at low doses potentiates the effects of 4 different substances, the results can hardly be satisfactorily explained neither by an interference of the benzodiazepine on the metabolism of the drugs or by a depression of the anxiogenic action of dexamphetamine. Even though it may be difficult to relate the antagonism of DZP on trihexyphenidyl- or on reserpine- (after MAOI) induced motor hyperactivity to the suggested anticholinergic and dopaminergic actions of DZP, these effects may partly be involved in the increase in locomotor hyperactivity induced by dexamphetamine, morphine, or cocaine. The observed effect of DZP on pCMA induced locomotor hyperactivity does not support a possible antiserotonine action often suggested to explain the effects of benzodiazepines in conflict situations.
Psychopharmacologia 1975 Dec 31
PMID:[Effects of diazepam on six drug-induced locomotor hyperactivities in mice (author's transl)]. 12 88

Tracheobronchial, mesenterial and inguinal lymph nodes of 15 mature rabbits which were subjected to inhalation of valatile products of fluoroplast destruction were studied. The action of this drug for 1-40 days activated the reactive centers of follicles. The amount of blasts, plasmic cells, eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes increased in regional tracheobronchial and distant mesenterial lymph nodes. The prolonged action during 120 days resulted in decreased blasto- and lymphopoesis in the regional tracheobroncheal lymph nodes, depression of the reticular epithelium, suppression of the phagocytic and plasm cell reactions, decreased nucleic metabolism in the cells. Mesenterial lymph nodes retained their functions. The lymphopoesis in them and nucleic metabolism in the cells were intensified. The blastic, plasmic cell, eosinophilic and mast cell reactions were well pronounced.
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol 1975 Dec
PMID:[Changes in the lymph nodes of rabbits following application of the breakdown products of fluoroplast]. 13 96


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