Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rats fed an 18% casein (Cs) or a protein deprived diet (PD) for 8 weeks received injections of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in both hind foot pads. While these injections were tolerated in Cs rats, about 50% of PD rats died after 1 or 2 days as a result of a massive necrosis of the liver. To a large extent these lesions were prevented by cortisone. Three days after injection of LPS, Cs rats exhibited a hypertrophy of the popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) and spleen, as well as a drastic increase in DNA synthesis in DNA synthesis in the PLN. Mitotic indices did not increase. The DNA synthetic responses to PLN in the surviving PD rats were much lower than in Cs animals, but a sharp rise in DNA synthesis and mitotic activity occurred in the spleen. The comparison with the effects of LPS in cortisone-treated rats showed that both cortisone-sensitive and -resistant cells participated in PLN activation in rats fed both diets, but that only cortisone-resistant lymphocytes entered mitosis in the spleens of PD rats. LPS also provoked a sharp drop in both DNA synthesis and mitosis in the thymus, probably due to a stress effect, since only cortisone-sensitive thymocytes were involved. In a second experimental series, immunological tests (Rosette-forming cells, Plaque-forming cells, serum hemagglutinin titers) were performed 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The responses were not significantly different in Cs and PD rats. This is in contrast with the protein deficiency-induced depression of thymus-dependent humoral immunity.
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PMID:Effects of a protein deprived diet on the hepatotoxicity, and the DNA synthetic, mitogenic, and immunological actions of microbial lipopolysaccharides in the rat. 68 57

Following the subcutaneous injection of a water soluble dermal extract (DE) of neonatal rat skin into young adult male rats, depression of nuclear labeling (DNA synthesis) was observed in proliferating connective tissue in several wound sites. At 16--20 hr following DE injection, DNA synthesis was depressed most in back wounds (57--87%) and maxillary palatal wounds (45--68%), and least in ear wounds (24--29%). Epithelium in the wound margins of back, ear and palate did not show a similar depression in DE-injected animals. This study suggests that a chalone-like negative feedback mechanism may be partially responsible for in vivo control of fibroblastic proliferation in wound healing.
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PMID:Inhibition of connective tissue proliferation by dermal extract. 69 Apr 79

Macrophages obtained by culturing blood monocytes in vitro for 8 days showed capacity to inhibit DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes separated from the macrophages by a membrane with pore size 0.2 micron. The DNA synthesis was measured as 3H thymidine incorporation and the proliferation as cell counts. The depression was reduced when the distance between macrophages and lymphocytes was increased concomitant with increased culture volume. Heat-killing of macrophages abolished their lymphocyte depressing capacity. Full inhibitory effect was established within 4 hours when lymphocytes were cultured in the proximity of macrophages. The effect was blocked by molecular filtration membranes with nominal molecular weight limits (nmwl) 1,000 and 10,000 whereas membranes with nmwl 25,000 only partially blocked the effect. No inhibitory effect was registered in the supernatants from macrophage-depressed lymphocyte cultures. Presumably the lymphocyte depressing effect is mediated via an unstable soluble factor(s).
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PMID:Immuno-suppressive effect of human macrophages. I. Evidence for an unstable soluble factor(s) inhibiting DNA synthesis and proliferation in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. 69 37

DELTA1-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta1-THC), a highly lipid soluble and active principle of cannabis, was injected each day (25 mg/kg) s.c. in mice from the estimated 13th day of pregnancy. Delta1-THC-treated mice showed no increase in the wet weight or DNA content of their mammary glands during the period of investigation from before parturition until the 12th day post-partum. A marked increase in mammary-gland lipoprotein lipase activity w,s found in control mice at parturition and this was suppressed by delta1-THC. Prolactin rose to a peak level in plasma earlier in lactation in the control mice than in the delta1-THC-treated mice. This delayed rise in plasma prolactin due to delta1-THC may account for the depression of mammary gland growth and development by the drug and for the delay in the appearance of high activities of lipoprotein lipase until later in lactation.
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PMID:The effects of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol on mammary gland growth, enzyme activity and plasma prolactin levels in the mouse. 69 71

Size and shape of purified mitochondrial DNA was analyzed by electron microscopy as a function of mitochondrial differentiation. The mitochondrial DNA was extracted at fourth growth stages corresponding to different steps of mitochondria repression and depression. It was heterogeneous both in form and length. The size of linear molecules ranged from 1 mu to 25 mu but most of the molecules could be assigned into four Gaussian subpopulations with mean lengths of 2.2 mu to 4.0 mu, 6.0 mu and 10.0 mu. The circular molecules were all open and sized varied from 0.5 mu to 10 mu. Their length repartition was congruent with a logarithmic Gaussian distribution. The relative proportion of the different classes of molecules changed according to the stage of the growth cycle: during the repression most of the mitochondrial DNA molecules were short: the population of 2.2 mu was predominant. The longest linear molecules were observed during derepression where the populations of 4.0 mu and 10.0 mu were only found as well as the highest proportion of circular molecules. At the stationary phase the mitochondrial DNA became short again and the circles disappeared completely. The mitochondrial DNA extracted from a cytoplasmic "petite" was composed of linear and circular molecules. The linear molecules ranged from 0.1 mu to 32 mu and most of them could be assigned to two subpopulations of 1.3 mu and 4.2 mu. The circular molecules which accounted for 11 percent had contour lengths of 0.7 mu and 1.5 mu. The physiological meaning of the change in the relative proportion of different classes of mitochondrial DNA is discussed.
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PMID:Rearrangement of mitochondrial DNA molecules during the differentiation of mitochondria in yeast. I.-Electron microscopic studies of size and shape. 76 44

The length distribution in sucrose sedimentation gradient of the newly-synthesized pulse-labelled mitochondrial DNA has been established at an early stage of depression in wild type yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This stage corresponded to the beginning of mitochondrial differentiation. The radioactive DNA was longer (mean lengths 5, 10 and 22-25 mu) than the preexisting cold DNA (mean length 6.5 mu with two shoulders at 4 mum and 10 mum and one minor peak at 2-2.5 mum). These date confirm that the mean size of the different length populations of linear yeast mitochondrial DNA are under physiological control. Chase experiments were undertaken as follows. The yeast cells were uniformly prelabelled under anaerobiosis. Therefore the mitochondrial DNA molecules were short. Respiratory adaptation was performed in a cold medium and the lengthening process was induced. The specific activities of the long molecules made up during the respiratory adaptation did mot markedly differ from that of prelabelled DNA (decrease of specific activity less than 18 per cent). Molecules as long as 40 mum were also recorded. This lengthening seems to proceed through a non reciprocal exchange of polynucleotide stretches between preexisting molecules. We call it rearrangement. It occurs during the differentiation of mitochondria. Much of the mitochondrial DNA is maintained whereas a small amount of DNA is synthesized. This hypothesis is favoured by recent genetical and physical studies on mitochondrial recombination in yeast.
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PMID:Rearrangement of mitochondrial DNA molecules during the differentiation of mitochondria in yeast. II. - Labelling studies of the precursor product relationship. 76 45

Young male rats (100-130 g) were fed diets of equal energy content containing o.5, 1,2,3,5, and 18% lactalbumin consumed either freely or in restricted amounts. The rats receiving low protein diets failed to grow and mature. Those consuming the 0.5 and1% protein diets given freely developed the characteristic features of kwashiorkor including edema, while those receiving the diets in restricted amounts developed the characteristic features of marasmus. The rats fed low protein diets had low plasma levels of essential amino acids; however, the lysine level was well maintained. The plasma levels of nonessential amino acids, especially glycine, alanine, and aspartic and glutamic acids were raised in marasmic rats but were reduced in rats fed low protein diets ad libitum. Young and severly malnourished rats appeared to have limited ability to synthesize urea. Therefore, they excreted more ammonia and other nitrogenous substances such as ethanolamine, and when given an amino acid load, intermediary metabolites of the ingested amino acids. Rats fed low protein diets showed diminution of total liver DNA, RNA, and protein. In addition to the reduction of protein synthesis resulting from decreased cellular RNA, ribosomes from the livers of protein-deficient rats had reduced ability to synthesize proteins. This defect was associated with the detatchment of the ribosomes from endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the elevation of the proportion of monosomes to polyribosomes. Malnutrition did not produce any change in the turnover rate of liver RNA. Protein deficiency caused significant depression of serum insulin, thyroxine, and corticosterone levels. Theoverall conclusion is that mammalian metabolism is well adapted to dietary intake and that this adaptation is achieved through dietary control of synthesis and release of key metabolic hormones.
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PMID:Experimental protein and energy in the rat. 80 70

The lymphocyte delayed hypersensitivity response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and hepatitis B antigen (HBsAG) was evaluated by two in vitro tests-leucocyte migration inhibition and DNA synthesis. Patients convalescing from HBsAG-positive hepatits showed the presence of a state of cell-mediated immune responsiveness to the antigen. In Indian childhood cirrhosis, there was a failure of response to HBsAG and a slight but significant depression of reaction to PHA. It is suggested that the lack of immune reactivity to HBsAG, perhaps determined genetically, may be a significant factor in the evolution of cirrhosis in Indian children.
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PMID:Lymphocyte response to hepatitis B surface antigen. Findings in hepatitis and Indian childhood cirrhosis. 81 95

Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) elicited a dose-dependent (3.2-24 muM) response for form/movement, cellular growth and division in log growth phase and division-synchronized Tetrahymena pyriformis GL. Progressive dose-dependent action of THC on division delays in division-synchronized cell cultures was correlated with a concomitant reduction of division maxima and the percent of cells that completed division I. THC depressed the incorporation of 5-3H-uridine, 2-14C-thymidine and L-3-14C-phenylalanine into RNA, DNA and protein macromolecules respectively of division-synchronized Tetrahymena during division I. The depression of incorporation of 5-3H-uridine into nucleic acid macromolecules was correlated with a reduction of exogenous precursor in the cellular pool. The specific activity of radiolabeled mRNA and nascent polypeptides of polyribosomal fractions from synchronized cells was reduced by THC treatment. THC caused an inhibition of the incorporation of 5-3H-uridine into ribosomal RNA (17S and 25S RNA) and ribosomal precursor RNA (35S RNA) of synchronized cells.
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PMID:Action of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cell division and macromolecular synthesis in division-synchronized protozoa. 81 44

The Fractional Incorporation (FI) of [3H] thymidine ([3H]TdR) has been examined in small lung tumours after cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment in vivo and compared to the DNA specific activity (SA) at different times after treatment. FI was found to correlate with the incidence of labelled cells after treatment, whereas SA did not, due to the loss of DNA from drug-killed cells 72 h after treatment. The FI is independent of the precursor concentration in the tissue, and therefore may give a better index of DNA synthesis in irregularly perfused tissues than SA. Following either CY or 60Co radiation treatment, the time necessary for FI to reach the pretreatment level is quite similar to the growth delay measured for the FI depression 45 h after treatment and growth delay has been established in the Lewis lung tumour, which would allow the prediction of growth delay induced by another agent to be made within 2 days of treatment.
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PMID:Fractional incorporation of [3H]thymidine and DNA specific activity as assays of inhibition of tumour growth. 83 61


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