Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic analysis during rapid right atrial stimulation was performed before and one, two, and four hours after oral application of longacting nitroglycerin (5 mg) and isosorbide dinitrate (20 mg) in 11 and 9 patients, respectively with coronary heart disease. Atrial stimulation without nitrate induced significant ischemic ST segment depression. Cardiac output showed a small decrease and the mean arterial, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary wedge pressure increased. Isosorbide dinitrate reduced the ischemic reaction by 40% from the first to the fourth hour after application. Cardiac output, stroke volume, aterial, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary wedge pressure also decreased continuously. Nitroglycerin caused a similar reduction of ischemic ST segment depression for two hours. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure decreased significantly. Cardiac output, stroke volume, and pulmonary artery pressure remained unchanged. It was concluded that the applied dose of isosorbide dinitrate showed a more extensive longacting effect.
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PMID:[Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic prolonged nitrate effect during frequency load in coronary disease]. 82 Jan 4

The report is based on a four-centre study on 25 patients with coronary insufficiency (ECG signs). In random sequence the following were given to each patient: a nitrate (isosorbide dinitrate), carbocromene, practolol, and oxyphedrine. The initial criterion for inclusion was S-T depression of 0.2 mV on stepwise exercise (bicycle ergometry). S-T depression, systolic blood pressure and heart rate changes were used as criteria. For each drug there was an acute test and a long-term test of 12 days. The Friedman test was used for the statistical evaluation of the results. Isosorbide dinitrate decreased the extent of S-T depression in the acute tests while practolol did so in the long-term test. Practolol reduced systolic pressure on long-term administration, with no difference in the acute experiment. Heart rate was reduced by practolol both acutely and long-term. These results give no indication for any possible differential treatment of coronary insufficiency, but this may be due to the selection of patients in this study.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on the effect of drugs used in the treatment of angina]. 108 22

The antianginal effectivity of a sustained release isosorbiddinitrate Sorbidilat Retard drug was examined by the number of spontaneous attacks and by ergometry with a constant work load in a double blind trial with cross over technique. An effect on the stress duration, on the ST segment depression, on the "double product", on heart rate, and blood pressure could be proved, which is interpreted as an therapeutic advantage of serum against placebo. The number of spontaneous attacks could be reduced in the verum period significantly. Ergometry every 2 hour after drug adminstration shows an oral effectivity of about 10 hours.
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PMID:[Isosorbide dinitrate in coronary heart disease. Effects of a delayed-action preparation during acute load and in chronic use]. 117 92

This study evaluated the effect of pirenzepine, an M1 antimuscarinic agent, on exercise duration and ischemic threshold in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and clear-cut ST depression (greater than 0.2 mV, 0.08 second after the J point) during ergometric stress testing. Twenty-five patients, mean age 56 +/- 8 years, underwent 3 randomized multistage bicycle exercise stress tests after intravenous administration of saline solution (2 ml), isosorbide dinitrate (1 mg) and pirenzepine (2 mg). Isosorbide dinitrate, an endothelium-independent coronary dilating agent, was used as a reference drug. Compared with saline, both pirenzepine and isosorbide dinitrate significantly improved time to ischemia (0.15 mV ST-segment depression) from 6.5 +/- 2 to 7.8 +/- 2 and 8.6 +/- 2 minutes and rate-pressure product at ischemia from 21,498 +/- 4,903 to 24,083 +/- 6,692 and 24,547 +/- 5,390 mm Hg.beats/min, respectively. Compared with saline, pirenzepine did not induce significant changes in blood pressure either at rest or during exercise, whereas it decreased resting heart rate from 71 +/- 9 to 60 +/- 11 beats/min (p less than 0.01) and induced a significant increment of heart rate during ischemia from 117 +/- 18 to 126 +/- 21 beats/min (p less than 0.05). Compared with saline, isosorbide dinitrate reduced systolic blood pressure at rest from 132 +/- 12 to 112 +/- 12 mm Hg, increased heart rate at rest from 71 +/- 10 to 84 +/- 16 beats/min and heart rate at ischemia from 117 +/- 18 to 132 +/- 16 beats/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Usefulness of pirenzepine, an M1 antimuscarinic agent, for effort myocardial ischemia. 159 Feb 28

In rat hippocampal tissue slices we recorded extracellular potential (Vo) and whole-cell patch clamp current of CA1 pyramid cells. During hypoxic spreading depression (SD)-like depolarization, the holding current (Ih) increased sharply. Membrane 'slope' resistance (Rm) decreased to 10-67% (mean 39%) of the resting value. The SD-related membrane current (ISD) reversed near zero mV. With voltage dependent K+ and Na+ currents blocked by Cs+ and QX-314, shifts of Ih and decrease of Rm during SD were not suppressed. We conclude that hypoxic SD of CA1 pyramidal cells is associated with a large non-selective inward current through yet to be identified membrane mechanisms, which cannot fully explain the SD-related Vo shift.
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PMID:Whole-cell membrane current and membrane resistance during hypoxic spreading depression. 162 73

Attenuation of antianginal effects of oral isosorbide dinitrate in a sustained release from (ISDN-SR) were studied using the treadmill exercise test in eleven patients with stable exertional angina and a positive exercise test. We compared the four-time-daily administration of 20 mg with a twice-daily regimen of 40 mg for 10 days using the double-blind, crossover method. On the 1st day of the administration, with both regimens, the treadmill walking time, the time to 1mm and 2mm ST depression, and several hemodynamic parameters increased significantly. These improvements were reduced gradually on day 5 and day 10 after the administration. In the comparison between the four-time-daily and two-time-daily regimens, the former application showed clearer antianginal and hemodynamic effects than the latter regimen, but these effects were attenuated more markedly in the four-time daily administration. With both dosage regimens, the plasma ISDN concentrations increased gradually. With the long-term four-time-daily regimen, the time-to-time changes of the ISDN concentration were smaller each day. These data suggest that tolerance to oral ISDN-SR exists even if it is applied only two time daily, but its degree is less than when a four-time-daily dose in administered.
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PMID:[Tolerance to a sustained release form of isosorbide dinitrate: comparison between 20 mg four times and 40 mg twice-daily administrations]. 174 71

To assess the efficacy of 2 doses of a transdermal system for nitroglycerin, 10 and 20 mg (NTTS 10 and NTTS 20) and isosorbide dinitrate 40 mg (ISD 40) on exercise tolerance test, a double-blind within patients placebo (PL) controlled study was performed: 12 male patients, aged 47-71 years, with stable effort angina, with fixed ischemic threshold, received, according to a 4 x 4 latin square design, NTTS 10, NTTS 20, ISD 40 and PL, at 7.00 am on 4 consecutive days. Bicycle exercise tests were performed 4 and 12 hours post-dosing, after which the systems were removed. NTTS 10 and 20 and ISD 40 increased significantly ischemic threshold, anginal threshold and decreased maximal ST depression at the fourth hour. Only NTTS 10 and NTTS 20 showed antiischemic activity after 12 hours. During exercise, at the fourth and twelfth hour, there was no significant difference in rate-pressure product between placebo and NTTS 10 and 20 and ISD 40. Therefore the antiischemic activity of these drugs was not related to a decrease of myocardial oxygen consumption. In conclusion, in comparison with PL, NTTS 10, 20 and ISD 40 had antiischemic and antianginal activity at the fourth hour, while at the twelfth hour this activity was observed only after NTTS 10 and 20, without differences between the 2 doses.
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PMID:[Transdermal nitroglycerin in stable effort angina. I. Therapeutic effect and duration of the action of a single dose. Comparison with placebo and isosorbide dinitrate]. 179 98

The acute and short-term effects of treatment with 10 consecutive doses of isosorbide dinitrate 40 mg t.i.d. and molsidomine 8 mg t.i.d. in slow release formulations were investigated in 10 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and stable angina pectoris according to a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, cross-over study design using conventional symptom-limited exercise testing. Acute exercise testing 3 h following the first dose of ISDN and molsidomine showed a significant reduction of maximal ST segment depression and of the area above the ST segments. Time to occurrence of 0.1 mV ST segment depression, exercise duration, time to onset of angina and exercise tolerance increased significantly. On the fourth treatment day with ISDN and molsidomine an attenuation of these antiischaemic effects was seen. The mean effects on ST segment depression, area above ST segments, time to occurrence of 0.1 mV ST segment depression, exercise duration, time to onset of angina and exercise tolerance were reduced by 40%, 44%, 47%, 58%, 54% and 65%, respectively, in patients administered ISDN and by 33%, 48%, 58%, 59%, 45% and 60% in those given molsidomine. Thus, following sustained short-term therapy the antiischaemic effects of both drugs seem to be attenuated. In this report no marked differences were found between ISDN and molsidomine.
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PMID:Differences in the antiischaemic effects of molsidomine and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) during acute and short-term administration in stable angina pectoris. 161 18

To study the circadian variation of cardiac performance in patients with coronary heart disease, three exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer were performed during the active part of the day (10 a.m., 2 p.m. and 6 p.m.), recording ST-segment depression and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Ten male patients with angiographically documented coronary heart disease underwent bicycle ergometry during placebo and during nitrate therapy (placebo controlled, double-blind crossover 2 x 20 mg IS-5-MN and 1 x 120 mg ISDN sustained release). During placebo as well as during nitrate therapy there was a gradual decrease of cardiac performance during the day, documented by the increase in ST-depression and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at equal work loads. High nitrate concns led to a significant reduction of both ST-depression and preload with a marked circadian-phase dependency of cardiovascular effects.
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PMID:Circadian variation of cardiac performance in coronary heart disease. 208 72

The appearance of ST segment depression in the exercise ECG serves as a threshold criterion when it comes to determining the "loadability" of myocardial infarction patients carrying out sports activities. In 27 MI patients, the question was investigated as to the extent to which abnormalities taking the form of silent ischemic episodes could be found during cross-country skiing on plains or during downhill skiing at an altitude of 800 to 2,000 meters. Such silent ischemic attacks were found in 20 out of the 27 patients. Both the duration and incidence were higher during sports activities than during normal day-to-day activities. The heart rate at the time of the appearance of the ischemic episodes was lower in the 12-hour ECG than during ergometry. During sports activities, however, the heart rates were frequently higher than the given training pulse rates. Treatment with nitrates (Isoket retard 120 mg) reduced the incidence and duration of silent ischemias. On account of the spontaneous variability of the parameter, it needs to be interpreted with caution. The incidence of silent ischemic episodes during sports activities in patients with clinical anomalies should prompt a rigorous treatment with drugs, and careful supervision of training.
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PMID:[Cross-country and downhill skiing in patients with myocardial infarct. Can silent ischemia be prevented by drug therapy?]. 237 55


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