Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A nonblind clinical study was carried out by administering Lorazepam at a low dosage to patients with a light to moderate state of reactive anxiety. The drug was shown to be effective in the management of the target symptoms studied: anorexia, sleep induction, rhythm, and duration disturbances, depression, irritability and moodiness, fatigue, anxiety and tension, somatic anxiety, social adaptation. The results obtained are practically identical to those reported in the literature for higher doses. Moreover, low-dose Lorazepam was well tolerated and without undesired side-effects.
 ...
PMID:[Use of an anxiolytic agent (lorazepam) in low doses in the treatment of anxiety states]. 1 89

Lorazepam, a new benzodiazepine, was compared with morphine for premedication. Ten patients received morphine 10 mg/70 kg i.m. and 10 received lorazepam 4 mg/70 kg i.m. Respiratory effects were assessed from the change in slope (S) and intercept (B) of the carbon dioxide response line, using a development of Read's rebreathing method. Morphine depressed S by 47% (P less than 0.01), but after lorazepam S increased by 27% (P less than 0.05), neither drug altering B significantly. In two volunteers lorazepam was assessed by both the rebreathing and the steady-state methods; after lorazepam S was smaller by the steady-state than by the rebreathing technique. The findings for lorazepam are consistent with the known effects of sleep on carbon dioxide sensitivity. Amnesia lasting 4-8 h occurred in all patients who received lorazepam so that pain and nausea during this period were not recalled, but no patient who received morphine experienced amnesia. We conclude that lorazepam merits further study, particularly where sedation without respiratory depression is needed, as in obstetrics, and where amnesia for uncomfortable procedures is required.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory effects and amnesia after premedication with morphine or lorazepam. 1 25

The respiratory effects of a new benzodiazepine, lorazepam, were compared to those of pentobarbital and pentazocine. Pentobarbital, 50 and 150 mg, produced respiratory depression, as did pentazocine, 30 mg intramuscularly. Lorazepam at 1.33 and 4 mg intramuscularly produced none.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory effects of lorazepam, pentobarbital, and pentazocine. 23 7

Children with cancer experience a great deal of anxiety concerning their treatment and invasive tests such as bone marrow aspirations (BMAs) and lumbar punctures (LPs). Responses of pain, fear, and anxiety are well documented and may cause regression, developmental delay, sleeping and eating problems, nausea and vomiting, nightmares, and depression. Diagnostic and treatment procedures need not cause such adverse effects if sufficient pharmacological sedation, analgesia, and anesthesia are used. However, studies show that inappropriate interventions such as underdosing and limited use of medications occur because of certain myths, beliefs, and lack of pharmacological knowledge on the part of health professionals. Studies that specifically address premedication for painful procedures in children with cancer have shown that only a small percentage of children receive premedications and that there is no clear consensus or standard for either drugs or dosages. The issue of premedicating children before procedures remains controversial and deserves further investigation. This study explored the attitudes and perceptions of oncology physicians and nurses concerning medicating children before procedures. Findings showed that most pediatric oncology specialists medicate their patients before invasive procedures and that the most common premedications used are Versed; Demerol, Phenergan, Thorazine; chloral hydrate; Ativan; fentanyl; Demerol; and Xylocaine. Most pediatric oncology specialists believe that premedication is necessary for children for BMAs and LPs.
 ...
PMID:Premedicating children for painful invasive procedures. 149 58

Fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was compared with lorazepam in a multicentre double-blind, parallel group study in 112 general practice patients with mixed anxiety and depression. For inclusion, patients were required to have minimum baseline scores of 21 on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and 11 on the Clinical Anxiety Scale (CAS). Treatment was for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences between treatments at any point except in an elderly subgroup in whom anxiety improved more rapidly with lorazepam. There were significant improvements in MADRS, CAS and global ratings compared with baseline at all subsequent assessments. Improvement continued during the whole treatment period. Lorazepam produced more sedation, whilst fluvoxamine produced significantly more nausea and vomiting; this was usually early in onset and, if tolerated, resolved during the course of the study. As it is now widely recognized that benzodiazepines should only be given in short courses of 2-4 weeks, the continued improvement up to 6 weeks has implications regarding choice of treatment.
 ...
PMID:A multicentre double-blind comparative trial of fluvoxamine versus lorazepam in mixed anxiety and depression treated in general practice. 210 98

The current status of anticonvulsant drugs compared to other treatments for the management of affective disorders is evaluated. Data from controlled studies suggest that carbamazepine is superior to placebo, equivalent to neuroleptics, and comparable to lithium for mania, at least in relatively treatment-refractory patients. Carbamazepine may also be useful as an antidepressant and for prophylaxis. Valproate and clonazepam show promise in the treatment of mania and for prophylaxis, but the number of patients studied in controlled trials is small. Lorazepam and other benzodiazepines may be useful antimanic agents, and alprazolam exerts antidepressant effects, although its efficacy relative to the tricyclics is unclear. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for both mania and depression. Established treatments are carbamazepine and ECT for mania and ECT for depression. Still experimental are valproate and clonazepam for mania; carbamazepine and alprazolam for depression; and carbamazepine, ECT, valproate, and clonazepam for maintenance. Combinations with lithium appear promising but await double-blind trials. The place of other anticonvulsants in the treatment of affective disorders is unknown.
 ...
PMID:Anticonvulsants in affective disorders. 219 24

Severe alcohol withdrawal has a mortality rate of 5% to 10%. Uncontrolled bouts may sensitize the patient, making future episodes more frequent and severe. Thus, aggressive treatment that produces rapid control of alcohol withdrawal is essential. The author briefly discusses some of the neuropharmacological aspects of alcohol's actions and alcohol withdrawal. Drug treatment options are also considered. Benzodiazepines offer the highest margin of safety. Lorazepam is an excellent first choice because of its intermediate half-life, absence of active metabolites, and high bioavailability that can be achieved with a number of routes of administration. Combination therapy with clonidine, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, and haloperidol is becoming increasingly attractive because it results in decreased sedation, better control of delirium, less respiratory depression, and improved outcome. The availability of shorter half-life, rapid-acting drugs like esmolol and midazolam, administered by continuous infusion, makes dose titration more precise in the critically ill patient.
 ...
PMID:Emerging treatment options in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. 290 29

A retrospective study was performed to compare intravenous lorazepam and intravenous diazepam in the treatment of status epilepticus. Forty-five episodes of status epilepticus in children between the ages of 2 weeks and 18 years were reviewed. Lorazepam and diazepam proved similar in efficacy of seizure control and incidence of adverse effects. The dose of lorazepam required to control status epilepticus ranged from 0.03 to 0.22 mg/kg with a mean of 0.11 mg/kg (S.D. = 0.05 mg/kg). Among children treated with lorazepam, only children younger than 2 years of age had respiratory depression which required intubation.
 ...
PMID:Lorazepam versus diazepam for the treatment of status epilepticus. 324 74

Lorazepam was compared with diazepam for the treatment of status epilepticus in a double-blind, randomized trial. Seventy-eight patients with 81 episodes were enrolled. Patients received one or two doses of either 4 mg of lorazepam or 10 mg of diazepam intravenously. Seizures were controlled in 89% of the episodes treated with lorazepam and in 76% treated with diazepam. The times for onset of action of the medications did not differ significantly. Adverse effects occurred in 13% of the lorazepam-treated patients and in 12% of the diazepam-treated patients. Respiratory depression and arrest, the most frequent adverse effects, were treated symptomatically; no adverse sequelae were noted.
 ...
PMID:Double-blind study of lorazepam and diazepam in status epilepticus. 613 Nov 48

One hundred patients aged 5-13 yr were randomly allocated to four groups in a double-blind study of premedication. Drugs studied were lorazepam, diazepam and trimeprazine. A placebo group was included. All the drugs appeared satisfactory as premedicants. Lorazepam induced the most sedation immediately after surgery, but by 4 h lorazepam and diazepam appeared similar. Lorazepam produced better amnesia than the other drugs. There were no untoward side-effects and no cardiorespiratory depression in any group. Lorazepam appears a suitable premedicant for children.
 ...
PMID:Lorazepam in children. A double-blind trial comparing lorazepam, diazepam, trimeprazine and placebo. 613 12


1 2 3 Next >>