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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lead shot recovered at necropsy 2 and 3 weeks after being dropped down the throats of Pekin ducklings caused significant increases in thyroid gland weight and 24-hr thyroid uptake of 125I while serum PB125I levels were maintained at or above control values. Supplementation of lead shot with 1 ppm selenium in drinking water reduced these increases. Selenium in the drinking water incurred no increase in thyroid gland weight at 2 weeks but some goitrogenicity at 3 weeks and significant reductions in thyroid radioiodine uptake and serum PB125I levels at 2 and 3 weeks. Chromatographic analyses of thyroid hydrolysates demonstrated a depression in iodothyronine (T4 and T3) labeling in lead shot-treated and selenium-treated animals which was corrected by addition of selenium to lead shot-treated ducklings. These findings indicate that while either lead or selenium treatment, independently, exerts a selective toxic effect on thyroid function, selenium supplementation of lead-treated Pekin ducklings does protect against the toxicity of lead on thyroid function.
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PMID:Interaction of selenium and lead on several aspects of thyroid function in Pekin ducklings. 717 58

In 3 experiments, 45 castrated male weanling pigs (4 to 6 weeks old) were used to determine the hematologic alterations induced by adriamycin (ADR) given IV at 0.64, 1.6, or 3.2 mg/kg of body weight/week. The effect of selenium-vitamin E (Se-E) supplements on ADR toxicosis was evaluated. Mortality, decreased survival time, growth depression, leukopenia, and anemia were dose related in ADR-treated pigs. At 0.64 mg of ADR/kg/week for 16 weeks, important clinical or hematologic alterations did not develop. At 1.6 mg of ADR/kg/week for 13 weeks, mortality was 100%, mean survival time ws 65.7 days (min-max, 49 to 92 days), and moderate growth depression and marked leukopenia and anemia were present from weeks 7 to 13. At 3.2 mg of ADR/kg/week for 4 weeks, mortality was 100% and mean survival time was 22.0 days (min-max, 18 to 26 days); marked growth depression, leukopenia, and mild anemia developed (week 4). Cytologic study of smears of bone marrow from pigs that died of ADR toxicosis (3.2 mg/kg/week) revealed marked hypoplasia and evidence of decreased production and increased destruction of erythroid and myeloid cells. Beneficial effect of Se-E supplementation against ADR toxicosis was seen only in the pigs given 1.6 mg/kg/week, where prolonged survival and delayed onset of leukopenia and anemia was observed.
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PMID:Effect of selenium-vitamin E on hematologic alterations of adriamycin toxicosis in young pigs. 727 Oct 34

Two new cyanogenic glycosides, linustatin and neolinustatin, were isolated from linseed oil meal. Each of the compounds was fed to rats in a corn-based diet at levels of 0.1 and 0.2%. At the 0.2% level, both substances gave significant protection against growth depression caused by 9 ppm selenium as sodium selenite. Both compounds also promoted a significant increase in liver and kidney weight over the selenium control animals. Linustatin and neolinustatin are closely related in structure to linamarin and lotaustralin and were found to be present in linseed oil meal at levels of 0.17 and 0.19%, respectively. Linamarin fed at the level of 0.2% also gave significant protection against growth depression and liver damage. A related cyanogenic glycoside, amygdalin, appeared to give a small but nonsignificant protective response. The isolation of the two new glycosides provides a probable explanation for the protective activity of linseed oil meal against selenium toxicity.
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PMID:Isolation of factors in linseed oil meal protective against chronic selenosis in rats. 735 78

The present studies determined the impact of dietary selenite on glutathione homeostasis in liver and mammary tissue and its relationship to biliary excretion of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) conjugates. In Experiment 1, liver and mammary tissue concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) were positively correlated with tissue selenium concentration in female rats fed semipurified diets supplemented with sodium selenite (0.05 to 4 mg Se/kg). The magnitude of the response was dependent upon total selenite intake and the tissue examined. Glutathione peroxidase activity did not correlate with tissue GSH concentration. Because both selenite and BHT have been reported to elevate liver GSH, Experiment 2 compared these agents (4 mg Se/kg and 6 g/kg BHT/kg, respectively) on the biliary excretion of DMBA metabolites. Five major biliary DMBA conjugates, three GSH and two beta-glucuronide, were identified. Dietary addition of selenite or BHT enhanced the excretion of these DMBA conjugates by over 100% during the 15-h collection period. These investigations suggest that dietary selenium can alter the concentration of GSH and the activities of three glutathione-dependent enzymes in mammary and liver, accounting for part of the expanded biliary excretion of DMBA conjugates. Enhanced biliary loss of DMBA conjugates likely relates to the reported depression in DMBA binding to mammary cell DNA and the inhibition of DMBA carcinogenesis caused by dietary selenite.
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PMID:Dietary selenite modifies glutathione metabolism and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene conjugation in rats. 790 18

In 20 patients receiving cold crystalloid cardioplegia (n = 10) or cold blood cardioplegia (n = 10) during elective coronary artery bypass grafting, the atrial myocardium was tested for glutathione-related antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation. In both groups, ischemia and reperfusion induced a significant increase in lipid peroxidation values (p < 0.05) that was associated with a depression of nonprotein thiol compound levels (p < 0.05). Compared with the cold crystalloid cardioplegia-treated patients, the cold blood cardioplegia-treated patients showed a lower lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) and higher values of nonprotein thiol compounds (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant ischemia and reperfusion-dependent activation of glutathione transferase was observed only in the cold crystalloid cardioplegia-treated patients. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities did not change after release of the aortic cross-clamp and did not differ between the two groups. The highest postoperative plasma level of the myocardial-specific isoenzyme of creatine kinase was significantly more elevated in the cold crystalloid cardioplegia patients. Overall, these tissue biochemical features indicate a lower oxidant burden in the myocardium of cold blood cardioplegia-treated patients, a finding suggesting superior protection for the ischemic and reperfused human myocardium also through antioxidant-type mechanisms, apparently medicated by the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes and specific plasma molecules.
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PMID:Blood cardioplegia reduces oxidant burden in the ischemic and reperfused human myocardium. 801 Jul 96

Broiler chicks were kept on feeds amended by the addition of 240 mg monensin and 15 mg selenium with or without 200 mg vitamin E/kg. After 12 days, birds in different groups were orally administered three doses of 250 mg monensin and 5 mg selenium/kg body weight. In the second experiment, after four weeks of adaptation on amended feeds, similar groups were orally administered 40 mg monensin and 1 mg selenium/kg body weight on alternate days for four weeks. Monensin increased the liver iron level. Selenium increased the hepatic levels of selenium and iron while variable degrees of depression occurred in copper, zinc, manganese and magnesium levels. Concurrent administration of monensin and selenium significantly increased the liver selenium levels. A marked decrease in body weight and increased mortality were recorded due to concurrent administration of monensin and selenium.
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PMID:Concurrent oral administration of monensin and selenium to broiler chickens: effects on concentration of different elements in the liver. 801 40

Monensin and selenium (sodium selenite) at different toxic levels were administered orally to the broiler chickens for variable periods. A depression in haematological parameters and biochemical ones such as alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, serum total protein and cholesterol were recorded in acute and subacute toxicosis of these substances. The present experiments led to the conclusion that concurrent administration of selenium and monensin at toxic levels resulted in exasperated toxic response in broiler chickens which in turn had been produced by embellishment of toxicosis inducing properties of both examined substances.
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PMID:Effects of concurrent oral administration of monensin and selenium on some haematological and biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. 812

Broiler chicks fed lead or selenium for varying periods were later intoxicated with two levels of either of these elements. In this way different groups of chicks were exposed to lead or selenium alone or a combination of these two. Lead caused increased liver concentrations of lead and iron. Selenium administration increased liver selenium and iron levels while liver copper decreased. Concurrent administration of lead and selenium greatly enhanced the accumulation of both elements in the liver and increased the liver iron. Lead partially counteracted the depression of liver copper caused by selenium. Mortality due to concurrent exposure to lead and selenium was lower when vitamin E was added to the feed. Body weights were markedly suppressed by selenium. The concurrent administration of lead partially alleviated the growth depression caused by selenium. Selenium fed birds had increased relative weights of liver and heart but this increase was of lesser degree in birds given both elements.
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PMID:Effects of oral administration of toxic levels of lead and selenium upon concentration of different elements in the liver of broiler chicks. 813 71

Administration of tetracycline was believed to be associated with an adverse drug reaction in a cat. Clinical signs consisted of anorexia, ptyalism, and signs of depression. The most noticeable biochemical abnormality was a markedly high serum alanine transaminase activity. Treatment consisted of vitamin E and selenium injections and feeding via a gastrostomy tube. Abnormalities noticed on histologic examination of hepatic tissue were centrilobular fibrosis, mild diffuse cholangiohepatitis, and mild hepatic lipidosis. The lipidosis was believed to have resulted from tetracycline administration, whereas the more chronic lesions (hepatic fibrosis and mild cholangiohepatitis) were believed to have resulted from preexisting, subclinical hepatic disease. Because serum alanine transaminase activity returned to reference ranges and the anorexia and ptyalism resolved with cessation of tetracycline administration, these abnormalities were believed to have represented an adverse drug reaction. Treatment of the cat with vitamin E and selenium was instituted on the basis of reported preventive and therapeutic effects in albino rats with tetracycline-induced hepatic lesions. Whether these compounds had any role in accelerating clinical recovery in this cat is uncertain.
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PMID:Increased alanine transaminase activity associated with tetracycline administration in a cat. 844 8

Over a period of 4 wk, 24 10-d-old broiler hens were fed diets containing 11% vegetable oil (9% rapeseed oil, 2% soybean oil), which was added either fresh (1 meq O2/kg oil) or oxidized (156 meq O2/kg oil). The effects of the dietary treatments on nutrient digestibility were examined in a balance experiment. The antioxidative status of the animals was evaluated using plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro, selenium-dependent and selenium-independent activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver cell cytosolic fractions, and concentrations of tocopherols and other fat-soluble compounds with antioxidative properties (lutein, beta-carotene, and retinol) in plasma and various tissues (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, liver, and abdominal fat). Compared to the fresh oil, the concentrations of linoleic and linolenic acid were slightly lower in oxidized oil. The concentration of alpha-tocopherol in the diet with fresh oil was an average of 80.8 mg/kg diet, whereas the diet with oxidized oil only provided 44 mg/kg. The dietary selenium content averaged 0.48 mg/kg in both diets. During the experiment, none of the animals showed symptoms of diarrhea or vitamin E deficiency. The intake of oxidized oil caused a growth depression after 2 wk. The retention of fat (P = 0.07), energy (P = 0.09), and alpha-tocopherol (P < 0.01) was lower in the group fed oxidized fat. Furthermore, these animals showed significantly higher plasma concentrations of TBARS (P < 0.01), and lower concentrations of tocopherols, lutein, beta-carotene, and retinol in plasma and tissues.
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PMID:Inclusion of oxidized vegetable oil in broiler diets. Its influence on nutrient balance and on the antioxidative status of broilers. 882 33


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