Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We measured plasma concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, Ca2+, HCO3-, phosphate, lactate, glucose, total amino acids, and total protein, and also the total (freezing point depression) osmolality and the colloid osmotic pressures. Conversion of chemically measured concentrations to osmolalities showed that unrecognized solute (s) were present in maternal (7 mM) and fetal (12 mM) plasma. Statistically reliable transplacental gradients existed only for calcium ion, phosphate, and amino acids, Ionic Na, K Mg, Cl, Ca, HCO3 and lactate were in electrochemical equilibrium at potential differences of -4.2 to +1.3 mV. Total plasma osmolalities were not significantly different in maternal and fetal plasmas in preparations in good condition, but fetal plasma osmolalities rose due to lactate secretion in asphyxiated fetuses. Colloid osmotic pressures were about 5 cmH2O higher in maternal plasmas before 45 days gestation and about 6 cmH2O higher in fetal plasmas after 60 days gestation. In the guinea pig, colloid osmotic pressures are at least as important as intravascular pressures in the regulation of transplacental water flow.
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PMID:Transplacental gradients in the guinea pig. 68 87

Following the subcutaneous injection of a water soluble dermal extract (DE) of neonatal rat skin into young adult male rats, depression of nuclear labeling (DNA synthesis) was observed in proliferating connective tissue in several wound sites. At 16--20 hr following DE injection, DNA synthesis was depressed most in back wounds (57--87%) and maxillary palatal wounds (45--68%), and least in ear wounds (24--29%). Epithelium in the wound margins of back, ear and palate did not show a similar depression in DE-injected animals. This study suggests that a chalone-like negative feedback mechanism may be partially responsible for in vivo control of fibroblastic proliferation in wound healing.
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PMID:Inhibition of connective tissue proliferation by dermal extract. 69 Apr 79

The renal and proximal tubule response to contralateral kidney exclusion was studied in a variety of circumstances. Recollection micropuncture studies were performed to assess the response to contralateral kidney clamping in the normal or a remnant kidney of the dog. Acute clamping of the contralateral kidney for a normal and unilateral remnant kidney resulted in marked reduction in proximal TF/P inulin ratios in the experimental kidney reflecting a 15 percent reduction in fluid reabsorption. Mean fractional excretion of sodium, potassium and water increased significantly in remnant kidney dogs but no significant change was observed in normal dogs except for potassium excretion. The marked reduction in proximal reabsorption occurred as soon as 5-15 minutes after contralateral kidney clamping and was compensated by distal reabsorption. Acute obstruction of the contralateral ureter results in a similar markedly reduced proximal tubular reabsorption. The reduction in proximal reabsorption induced by contralateral clamping occurred in the presence of reduced perfusion pressure and volume expansion and to some extent with renal denervation. When prostaglandin E(2) or acetycholine were infused prior to contralateral kidney clamping, proximal reabsorption remained at control levels and the contralateral clamping response was blocked. Similar blockade occurred after treatment with indomethacin. Acute reduction in nephron mass causes a marked depression of proximal tubular sodium and fluid absorption not obviously accounted for by hemodynamicphysical factors and humoral factors may be involved. The level of distal reabsorption to increased proximal delivery following contralateral clamping, determines the net urinary excretion.
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PMID:Acute functional adaptation to nephron loss: micropuncture studies. 73 48

In dogs anesthetized with chloralose-urethan on right heart bypass, left ventricular (LV) performance was assessed at constant LV stroke work before and for up to 2.5 h after crystalloid hemodilution was established. Lowering the hematocrit from 43.3 +/- 1.3% to 13.6 +/- 1.7% (SE) did not significantly change LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) initially. After 80 min LVEDP increased slightly by 1.7 +/- 0.6 cmH2O (P less than 0.05) at a stroke work of 17.3 +/- 2.3 g.m. The value of dP/dt did not change significantly throughout. When LV function curves were generated by increasing cardiac output, the stroke work attained at an LVEDP of 10 cmH2O decreased with hemodilution from 23.9 +/- 3.5 to 20.8 +/- 3.9 g.m (NS). LV wall water content increased with hemodilution, from which it could be calculated that there was an 18.6% increase in LV mass. Thus, despite an increase in LV external girth demonstrated by LV circumferential gauges, it is possible that increased wall thickness due to the water gain resulted in little change or an actual decrease in LV end-diastolic volume. Thus, profound hemodilution can be attained with only slight depression of LV performance.
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PMID:Ventricular performance and myocardial water content during hemodilution in dogs. 73 64

The acute intoxication of K1 carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with the herbicide preparation lassagrin (alachlor) was studied under experimental conditions in a laboratory. Used were a total of 360 young carps of 10 g each, measuring 9-10 cm. The experiments were carried out in 30-1 glass aquariums that were preliminary filled with water that was adequately heated and deprived of chlorine at pH = 6.9, T0C = 18-20 degrees C, O2 = 10.4 mg/1; hardness = 1.5 German degrees. The preparation was directly placed in the aquariums in eleven concentrations. The following characteristic symptoms of intoxication were established: higher irritability of the nervous system with superactivity, lack of coordination and orientation, depression in later hours, loss of sight, disturbed pigmentation. No morphologic changes were found at necropsy. Determined was the concentration at which 50% of the test material died at the 96th hour of exposure: LC50/TLm/=4.67 mg, the interval of dependability at 95% probability being 4.04-5.30. Both toxicometry data and intoxication symptoms with the use of lassagrin (alachlor, lasso) made it reasonable to believe that the preparation could be referred to poisons having resorptive action so far as carps are concerned.
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PMID:[Experimental poisoning of carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio L.) with the herbicidal preparation, lasagrin (alachlor)]. 74 34

Studied were the acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity of the Pharmachim tylosin tartrate as well as the tolerance of chicken broilers and turkeys. The mean lethal dose of the antibiotic at subcutaneous application to 28-32 day-old broilers was 620 mg/kg; the oral dose was 1500 mg/kg. In the case of 42-45-day-old broilers these values were 740 and 5400 mg/kg. The LD50 at i/v infusion for 75-77-day-old ones was 48 mg/kg. Beside the age and route of introduction toxicity was found to depend on the initial biologic activity of tylosin tartrate. The subcutaneous injection of tylosin tartrate at the rate of 30 mg/kg for 20 days did not lead to changes in the appetite, behaviour, growth, and structure of viscera. A 42-day treatment at the same rate, however, resulted in slightly manifested and fully reversible dystrophic changes in the liver and kidneys. Higher doses (90 and 150 mg/kg) led to transient depression, stunting of growth, and a rise of the urea level and the activity of blood transaminases as well as to moderate destructive changes in the liver and kidneys. The stimulation of growth and the improvement of feed conversion (without deviations in the clinical and biochemical indices of the blood and the structure and development of the viscera in broilers) were recorded after the application of a water-soluble formula of tylosin tartrate for a period of 98 days offered via the drinking water in amounts equal to or exceeding 2 to 4 times the ED50. Turkeys' tolerance for the preparation was evaluated as very good so far as single i/m injective applications were concerned in doses exceeding 3, 5, and 10 times the average effective rates, no differences in this respect being noted with the comparative use of tylosin tartrate produced by the Elanco firm.
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PMID:[Toxicity studies of Pharmachem's tylosin tartrate for broilers and turkeys]. 74 15

Subacute toxicity test of AMI-U-II was carried out using male and female JCL:SD rats. The animals were given intravenously AMI-U-II (80, 40 and 20ml/kg) or reference solution (80 and 40ml/kg) for five weeks. Tachypnea, depression of spontaneous activity, blepharoptosis and edema of face were observed in rats treated with AMI-U-II or reference solution at highest dose. Food consumptions and gaining body weight were slightly reduced in male of these animals, but water intakes were increased in both sexes. Autopsies of the animals which died during five weeks showed pulmonary congestion and/or edema, ascites and pleural effusion. Microscopically, hydropic degeneration of liver cells and dilation of renal tubules and Bowman's capsules were shown. It seems likely that most of these findings were caused by hypervolumic administration of amino acid solution.
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PMID:[Subacute toxicity test of AMI-U-II, a new amino acid solution for renal failure (author's transl)]. 74 67

As a polychromatic X-ray beam passes through matter, low energy photons are preferentially absorbed, and the (logarithmic) attenuation is no longer a linear function of absorber thickness. This leads to various artifacts in reconstructive tomography. If a water bag is used, the nonlinear attenuation in bone causes a distortion of the bone values and a spill-over inside the skull, or 'pseudo-cortex' artifact. If no water bag is used, there is an additional effect due to the varying thickness of soft tissue which causes a depression of interior values, or 'cupping'. Both artifacts can be remedied by additional prefiltering of the beam and by applying a linearization correction to the detector outputs.
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PMID:Beam hardening in x-ray reconstructive tomography. 77 62

The effect of bumetanide on renal function has been compared with that of furosemide and a placebo in a double-blind study of 9 healthy young men. The sequence for oral administration of the drug was subjected to a random assignation based upon the Latin-square methodology under three different conditions. (1) Normal hydration: The administration of bumetanide (2 mg) produced within the next 4 hr a diuresis comparable to that induced by 80 mg of furosemide. Urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and uric acid also followed comparable patterns. Phosphaturia occurred only under bumetanide. The effect of bumetanide seemed longer lasting. (2) Water loading: The effects of bumetanide and furosemide were comparable with the exception of the phosphaturic effect induced by bumetanide. The action of both diuretics on the diluting segment of the nephron was well demonstrated by the marked depression of CH2O. (3) Water deprivation: The effects of the two diuretics were comparable, including depression tCH20. In none of these conditions did the placebo produce any significant effect.
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PMID:Bumetanide, a new loop diuretic. 78 89

Rats (200-260 g) were exposed in sealed, recycling chambers continuously for 2-30 days to gas mixtures designed to maintain the same alveolar PO2 in the presence or absence of inert gas. Mixtures with inert gas (N2, He, or Ne) were at ground level; those without inert gas (100 percent O2) were in an altitude chamber. The O2 categories were: I-100 percent O2 at 747 torr; II-74 percent O2 + 26 percent inert and 566 torr 100 percent O2; III-47 percent O2 + 53 percent inert and 381 torr 100 percent O2; IV-21 percent O2 + 79 percent inert and 197 torr 100 percent O2. One of the two room-air controls was "restricted-fed" to the level of the lowest intake group. Measurements included body, pituitary, and thyroid weight, food and water intake, plasma volume and hematocrit, pituitary and plasma TSH, and plasma PBI. Severe depression in all variables and over 50 percent mortality was seen in I by day 4. All variables were depressed in II, but there was no mortality to 20 days. Pituitary-thyroid function appeared to be particularly sensitive to depression by hyperoxia, with plasma TSH levels reduced between 42 and 60 percent in II and III. No effect was attributable to the inert gas, whether it was N2, He, or Ne, nor was any specific effect traceable to the presence or absence of inert gas.
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PMID:Pituitary-thyroid function of rats in hypobaric oxygen-inert gas environments. 80 43


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