Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High energy phosphate metabolites were measured using phase-encoded in vivo phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in both the left and right frontal lobes of 25 patients with bipolar disorder. Eleven patients were examined in the depressive state, 12 in the manic state, and 21 in the euthymic state. Twenty-one age-matched normal volunteers were also examined. The phosphocreatine (PCr) peak area percentage in the left frontal lobe in the patients in the depressive state was decreased compared with that in the normal controls. It was significantly negatively correlated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score evaluated at the time of 31P-MRS examination. The PCr peak area percentage in the right frontal lobe in the patients in the manic and the euthymic states was decreased compared with that in the controls. These results are compatible with previous reports describing reduction of glucose metabolism in the left frontal lobe in depressive patients with bipolar disorder and trait-dependent right hemisphere dysfunction in bipolar disorder.
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PMID:Lateralized abnormality of high energy phosphate metabolism in the frontal lobes of patients with bipolar disorder detected by phase-encoded 31P-MRS. 748 Apr 36

During the summer of 1992 renal failure was diagnosed in 232 grazing cattle in 85 herds on the west coast of Norway. The salient clinical signs were depression, anorexia and melaena or fresh blood in the faeces; diarrhoea was also commonly observed. The serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, magnesium and phosphorus, and the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were above normal and the serum calcium concentration was below normal. Post mortem examinations consistently revealed renal tubular necrosis. In some cases there was liver necrosis and also erosions at the base of the tongue, in the oesophagus and in the jejunum and colon. The toxicity was probably caused by the plant Narthecium ossifragum (bog asphodel).
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PMID:Nephrotoxicity of Narthecium ossifragum in cattle in Norway. 750 63

This study was designed to test the effect of natural calcium on the bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats. Thirty female four-month rats were divided into three groups: sham operated group (Sham), ovariectomized group (OVX) and ovariectomized with calcium supplementation group (OVX + CA). OVX + CA rats were treated with calcium at a dose of 50 mg/kg weight per day for 90 days after surgery. Blood biochemical analysis, bone pathology, bone histomorphometric measurement and bone weight were processed. OVX rats were characterized by thinning, wormerosion like loss of trabecular bones, decreased volume of cancellous bone, increases in osteoblast index and osteoclast index, decreases in wet, dry and ash weights of left femur, and decreases in contents of calcium and phosphorus of bones. Treatment of OVX + p6 rats with calcium provided complete protection against bone loss and significantly depressed bone turnover. Our results indicate that natural calcium is effective in prevention of osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. The authors believe that the main mechanism of calcium against bone loss exists in correction of minus calcium balance, and depression of high bone turnover, especially the absorption action of osteoclasts.
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PMID:[Effect of natural calcium against osteopenia in ovariectomized rats]. 765 44

The relationship between compliance and outcome is poorly understood, partially because there has been no gold standard for measuring compliance in hemodialysis patients. To investigate interrelationships between psychological, medical, and compliance factors, hemodialysis (HD) patients were studied with the Beck Depression Inventory, and a subset, the Cognitive Depression Index, the Perception of Illness Effects scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Behavioral compliance was measured in three ways: (1) percent time compliance (signifying "shortening behavior"); (2) percent attendance (signifying "skipping behavior) (3) percent total time compliance, assessing patients' time on dialysis normalized for prescribed time, including all shortenings and absences. Standard compliance indicators (predialysis serum potassium and phosphorus concentrations and interdialytic weight gain) were also analyzed. The patients' mean Beck Depression Inventory was in the range of mild depression. The prevalence of depression was 25.5%. Both depression indices correlated with Perception of Illness Effects scale scores. In general, social support was related to both measures of depression and perception of illness effects. Total time compliance was 95.8 +/- 5.0%. Younger patients were more likely to skip treatments compared with older patients. Time compliance comprised a wide spectrum, with most patients relatively compliant, whereas a small proportion received far less than their prescribed dialysis. Skipping and shortening behaviors did not correlate, suggesting that these constitute two separate types of noncompliant behaviors. Time compliance parameters did not correlate with potassium levels or interdialytic weight gain, but did correlate with phosphorus levels. Interrelationships between behavioral compliance measures and other parameters varied between units and patients of different gender. Finally, behavioral compliance patterns were stable over months in patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Behavioral compliance with dialysis prescription in hemodialysis patients. 778 51

In vivo 31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (31P MRSI) was performed on 20 chronic schizophrenic patients and 16 normal controls to determine if there were specific changes in high energy phosphorus and phospholipid metabolism in the frontal lobes of schizophrenic patients. Phosphorous metabolites were assessed in each of the left and right frontal as well as the left and right parietal lobes. Frontal lobe phosphorous metabolites were also correlated with severity of psychiatric symptomatology as assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Schizophrenics demonstrated higher phosphodiesters (PDE) and lower phosphocreatine (PCr) in both the left and right frontal regions compared to controls. There was also lower left frontal inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the schizophrenic group. No group differences were noted in the left or right parietal regions. In addition, right frontal PDE and right frontal PCr were highly correlated with the hostility-suspiciousness and anxiety-depression subscales of the BPRS. This study provides further support for altered frontal lobe phosphorous metabolism in schizophrenia.
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PMID:31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal and parietal lobes in chronic schizophrenia. 782 12

Rapid immobilization after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to increased bone resorption, net calcium efflux from the bone, hypercalciuria, depressed parathormone (PTH) and increased calcitonin release. However, the effects, if any, of long-standing SCI on calcium regulatory system is not well understood. We measured plasma concentrations of 25 hydroxy (OH) vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D (calcitriol), intact PTH molecule, calcitonin, ionized calcium [Ca++] and phosphorus in 40 clinically stable men with long-standing SCI of 3-year to 50-year duration (22 persons with paraplegia and 18 persons with quadriplegia). The results were compared with those obtained in 14 able-bodied control men. Plasma PTH concentration in the SCI group was significantly lower than that found in the able-bodied controls despite virtually identical concentrations of ionized calcium. Likewise, plasma calcitriol concentration in the SCI group was significantly lower than the value found in the able-bodied control group and lower in persons with quadriplegia than in those with paraplegia. In contrast, plasma calcitonin concentration in the quadriplegic group was significantly higher than that in persons with paraplegia and insignificantly higher than that in the control group. No significant difference was noted in serum ionized calcium between the study groups. PTH and calcitriol levels were positively related to one another (r = 0.35, p < .01) and negatively related to the level of injury (r = -0.43, p < .002 and r = -0.54, p < .001, respectively). In conclusion, long-standing SCI is associated with significant depression of calcitriol and PTH concentrations despite normal ionized calcium concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vitamin D, parathormone, and calcitonin profiles in persons with long-standing spinal cord injury. 802 22

Intracellular bioenergetic state and extracellular adenosine levels were monitored in rat brain prior to and following traumatic brain injury (TBI) using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and microdialysis, respectively. Fluid percussion-induced TBI (2.6 +/- 0.2 atm) resulted in significant reductions in free cytosolic [Mg2+], cytosolic [ATP]/[ADP] [P(i)], and delta GATP and elevations in cytosolic [ADP] and [5'-AMP]. Intracellular ATP concentration and pH did not change significantly after trauma. Mitochondrial capacity for oxidative phosphorylation (indexed by V/Vmax) increased significantly from approximately 0.45 prior to injury to approximately 0.58 following TBI. All metabolic changes were maximal at 2-3 h post-TBI. Conversely, extracellular adenosine concentrations increased transiently following TBI, with levels peaking at 10 min posttrauma, then declining rapidly to preinjury values by 50 min. Thus, despite pronounced long-term depression in bioenergetic status and a marked rise in [5'-AMP], formation and release of adenosine were elevated only transiently within the first hour following TBI. Since steady-state adenosine levels were essentially unchanged beyond 1 h posttrauma, mooted neuroprotective actions of endogenous adenosine would be minimized. Intracerebroventricular injections of 2-chloroadenosine (0.5 and 2.5 nmol) immediately prior to TBI dose-dependently attenuated metabolic disturbances and improved posttraumatic neurologic outcome (p < 0.05). The observations indicate that (a) TBI results in dissociation of adenosine release from intracellular bioenergetic state, a phenomenon possibly contributing to secondary injury following TBI; and (b) supplementing brain with an adenosine agonist attenuates irreversible injury.
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PMID:Dissociation of adenosine levels from bioenergetic state in experimental brain trauma: potential role in secondary injury. 806 80

The morpho-functional indexes of ejaculates from 35 healthy and 145 infertile men were studied. The depression of functional sperm activity was found in the majority of infertile men. Phospholipid analysis of whole ejaculates from 12 healthy and 35 infertile subjects was performed. It was shown that inorganic phosphorus of total phospholipids decreased in ejaculates of men with secretory infertility. Lyso-phosphatidyl choline (LPC) was not detected in ejaculates of men with relative infertility. The amount of lyso-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (lyso-PE) and sphingomyelin in whole ejaculates of those patients decreased. The levels of LPC and lyso-PE decreased in ejaculates of persons with associated infertility. The level of phosphatidyl inositol, LPC and PE decreased in ejaculates of men with secretory infertility. The gas-lipid chromatography analysis of fatty acids composition of whole ejaculates of the infertile men showed significant changes in quantity of fatty acids. The quantity of docosahexaenoic acid in ejaculates of infertile men decreased and positively correlated with motility of spermatozoa.
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PMID:[Lipid composition and fertility of human ejaculate]. 828 22

Hypophosphatemia is uncommon in cats, but it has been reported in association with diabetes mellitus and hepatic lipidosis, where it can cause hemolysis, rhabdomyopathy, depression, seizures, and coma. The purpose of this article is to describe 9 cats that developed low serum phosphorus concentrations (< 2.5 mg/dL) subsequent to enteral alimentation. Serum biochemical analyses from more than 6,000 cats were reviewed. The medical records of all cats with hypophosphatemia were examined for history of enteral alimentation; diabetic cats were excluded from the study. Nine cats, ranging in age from 3 to 17 years, were identified. All cats had normal serum phosphorus concentrations before tube feeding began. Onset of hypophosphatemia occurred 12 to 72 hours after initiation of enteral alimentation, and the nadir for phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 2.4 mg/dL. Hemolysis occurred in 6 of the 9 cats. Hypophosphatemia secondary to enteral alimentation is an uncommon clinical finding in cats. Cats with high alanine aminotransferase activity, hyperbilirubinemia, and weight loss should be closely monitored for hypophosphatemia during the first 72 hours of enteral alimentation.
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PMID:Hypophosphatemia associated with enteral alimentation in cats. 852 19

The combination of fluoxetine (FLU) and desipramine (DMI) has been reported to be useful for the treatment of depression, and these drugs are also known to undergo a metabolic drug-drug interaction because of their effects on cytochrome P-450 2D6. A procedure that separates these two drugs and norfluoxetine (NFLU), the N-demethylated metabolite of FLU, and that allows simultaneous quantification of their levels would be of value and has been developed in our laboratories. The procedure involves an initial extraction into ethyl acetate after basification of the homogenate. The organic phase is retained and taken to dryness; the residue is reconstituted in water and acetylated with acetic anhydride under slightly basic conditions. Ethyl acetate is then used to extract the acetylated compounds from the aqueous medium. The organic layer is taken to dryness and the residue reconstituted in toluene. An aliquot of the solution in toluene is injected directly into a gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector, a fused silica capillary column, and an integrator/printer. Maprotiline is added to the initial homogenate and carried through the procedure as the internal standard. The assay is rapid and sensitive and has been applied successfully to liver and brain tissue taken from rats treated with FLU, DMI, or the combination.
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PMID:Simultaneous quantification of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, and desipramine using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. 857 64


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