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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tissue and organ deposition and blood parameters were evaluated as indices of mineral and trace element absorption in rats. The absorption of elements was quantified in relation to nitrogen retention, i.e., considering the weight gain and new tissue synthesis. A rapeseed meal diet was supplied with three levels of calcium, two levels of zinc, and two levels of copper in a factorial design. In general, an increase in dietary mineral content increased the relative absorption, which in turn, increased the tissue deposition progressively. Striated muscle, however, did not respond to either an increased calcium or zinc supply. Furthermore, an increased calcium absorption caused a depression of the fractional phosphorus and magnesium content of femur bones. The copper content of the kidneys and the heart muscle was directly proportional to the amount of absorbed zinc and iron, respectively. The iron content of tissue was, in general, inversely proportional to zinc absorption and showed a tendency to be directly proportional to copper absorption. The zinc level in tissues was, in a similar way, inversely correlated to measured calcium absorption. In conclusion, interactions between elements do not only affect the intestinal element absorption, but also the distribution of already absorbed elements in tissues and organs.
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PMID:Tissues and organs as indicators of intestinal absorption of minerals and trace elements, evaluated in rats. 128 Sep 83

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, two major calcium-regulating hormones, were measured in the plasma of five experimental groups of rats to evaluate postflight calcium homeostasis after the 14-day COSMOS 2044 flight. Parathyroid hormone values were slightly higher in the flight animals (F) than in the appropriate cage and diet controls (S) (44 +/- 21 vs. 21 +/- 4 pg/ml, P less than 0.05), but they were the same as in the vivarium controls (V), which had different housing and feeding schedules. Neither V nor S showed the increase in plasma creatinine phosphorus and magnesium found in F, features of early renal insufficiency. F showed the lowest mean plasma calcitonin that was statistically different from V only. This difference in F and V (22 +/- 11 vs. 49 +/- 16 pg/ml, P less than 0.05) was most likely due to failure of circulating calcitonin in F to show the normal age-dependent increase we demonstrated in age-matched controls in a separate experiment. Basal values for parathyroid hormone and calcitonin were unchanged after 2 wk of hindlimb suspension, a flight simulation model, in age-matched and younger rats. From a time course experiment serum calcium was higher and parathyroid hormone lower after 4 wk than in ambulatory controls. Postflight circulating levels of parathyroid hormone appear to reflect disturbances in calcium homeostasis from impaired renal function of undetermined cause, whereas levels of calcitonin reflect depression of a normal growth process.
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PMID:Circulating parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in rats after spaceflight. 152 47

Techniques for organ preservation generally use hypothermia to retard metabolic requirements. However, excessive hypothermia may also produce injury. Using a canine left lung allotransplantation procedure, we compared two preservation temperatures (4 degrees and 10 degrees C) in terms of subsequent lung function measured by temporary occlusion of the right pulmonary artery after implantation of the preserved left donor lung. The lungs were flushed with low-potassium dextran electrolyte solution, inflated with 100% oxygen, and preserved for 18 hours. To investigate possible changes of energy stores at different temperatures, we performed phosphorus 31-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of lung samples. Sequential determinations of adenosine triphosphate levels in lung tissue preserved at 4 degrees, 10 degrees, and 22 degrees C were studied. After transplantation, lungs preserved at 10 degrees C (n = 6) provided significantly better arterial oxygen tension than those preserved at 4 degrees C (n = 6), 451 +/- 46 mm Hg versus 243 +/- 86 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), and lower pulmonary vascular resistance, 581 +/- 68 dynes.sec.cm-5 versus 1006 +/- 157 dynes.sec.cm-5 (p less than 0.05). Adenosine triphosphate levels at 4 degrees and 10 degrees C were stable and did not differ from each other at the end of the 18-hour preservation period: 0.86 +/- 0.04 mumol/gm wet weight for control versus 0.86 +/- 0.07 mumol/gm wet weight for 4 degrees C and 0.93 +/- 0.06 mumol/gm wet weight for 10 degrees C after 18 hours of preservation. Preservation at 22 degrees C caused a 28% depression of adenosine triphosphate after 18 hours of preservation. These results lead us to conclude the following: (1) Optimal temperature for lung preservation is in the vicinity of 10 degrees C, and (2) lung dysfunction caused by excessive hypothermia is not due to a failure to maintain adenosine triphosphate levels. We suspect that adenosine triphosphate is generated by oxidative phosphorylation during lung preservation.
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PMID:In a canine model, lung preservation at 10 degrees C is superior to that at 4 degrees C. A comparison of two preservation temperatures on lung function and on adenosine triphosphate level measured by phosphorus 31-nuclear magnetic resonance. 154 20

Management of bone pain in patients with multiple osseous metastases is a significant clinical problem. Phosphorus-32 has been used as systemic radioisotope therapy for the management of bone pain for over 40 years. However, significant hematological depression usually results and its use is limited. More recently, the bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals strontium-89, samarium-153-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid, and rhenium-186-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate have all been used as palliative treatment for patients with clinically significant bone pain. Excellent clinical responses with acceptable hematological toxicity have been observed. The clinical results rival those of external beam radiation therapy, with fewer systemic and hematological side effects. Systemic radionuclide therapy is indicated in the management of patients with painful metastatic prostate cancer in bone as soon as they escape primary hormonal management. This therapy also should play a role in the management of many patients with advanced breast cancer metastatic to bone. The role of radionuclidic therapy in osseous metastases from other malignancies is still being investigated. These compounds also hold promise as primary therapy for tumors of osseous origin. Systemic radionuclide therapy of painful bony metastases will become common in nuclear medicine practice in the next decade.
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PMID:Radionuclide therapy of intractable bone pain: emphasis on strontium-89. 158 3

Brief episodes of myocardial ischemia are known to cause reversible depression of regional myocardial contraction after reperfusion. One of the mechanisms of this persistent regional dysfunction has been proposed to be depletion of high-energy phosphate compounds. Eight cats were prepared with a reversible snare occluder around the left anterior descending artery (LAD); a surface coil sutured to the epicardial surface over the LAD territory for measurement of 31-phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) spectra; and a pair of ultrasonic crystals implanted in the mid-myocardium for measurement of regional segment length shortening. The baseline value of percent segment length shortening (%SS) was 12.8 +/- 1.4%. Increased afterload did not significantly alter high-energy phosphate levels or %SS. All animals exhibited passive systolic bulging during occlusion (-8.4 +/- 3.6% systolic shortening) as well as reduced phosphocreatine (PRc, 30 +/- 3% of control) and increased inorganic phosphorus (Pi) (239 +/- 18%), but there was no change in adenosine triphosphate (ATP). During reflow, %SS did not completely recover (4.0 +/- 2.9%, P less than .05 versus baseline). PCr and Pi returned to control levels during the first 30 minutes of reperfusion. Increased afterload had no significant effect on high-energy phosphates or %SS in stunned hearts. These findings indicate a lack of correlation between recovery of high-energy phosphate stores and regional myocardial contractility in stunned myocardium. High-energy phosphate reserves are preserved in stunned myocardium and are unlikely to be a direct cause of myocardial dysfunction.
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PMID:Preservation of high-energy phosphate reserves in a cat model of post-ischemic myocardial dysfunction. 160 6

A 3-day-old Quarter Horse colt was examined because of signs of severe depression, discomfort, and abdominal straining. The foal seemed disoriented, and the abdomen was tense and distended ventrally. The differential diagnoses included ruptured urinary bladder, retained meconium, septicemia/bacteremia, and neonatal maladjustment syndrome. Serum biochemical analysis revealed marked hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and moderate hyperkalemia, as well as mildly high urea, creatinine, and phosphorus concentrations. The primary differential diagnosis at this time was ruptured urinary bladder. Abdominocentesis was performed to confirm this diagnosis. Microscopic examination of abdominal fluid revealed calcium carbonate crystals, which originated from the urine of the foal. Biochemical analysis also confirmed the diagnosis of ruptured urinary bladder, because the ratio of peritoneal fluid creatinine to serum creatinine was 2.8:1. The foal died before surgical correction could be attempted.
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PMID:Diagnosis of ruptured urinary bladder in a foal by the identification of calcium carbonate crystals in the peritoneal fluid. 161 90

Depolarization (an increased concentration of KCL in the medium) has been investigated for its effect on the content and turnover rate of phospholipid phosphorus from the rat brain cortex slice under normal oxygen supply and under anoxia. It is shown that anoxia results in a small increase of phosphatidyl-inositol-4.5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP) content and in the depression of the turnover rate of all the phosphoinositides. Depolarization leads to a decrease in PIP2 concentration with a simultaneous increase in their turnover rate, these results being more expressed under anoxia. The development of depolarization by the 5th min. of anoxia in vivo leads, most probably, to the enhanced PIP2 breakdown, that is to a progressive decrease in their content.
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PMID:[Phosphoinositide metabolism in sections of the cortex of the large hemisphere of the brain in anoxia]. 165 71

Two trials were conducted to determine the utilization of manganese (Mn) as influenced by the level and source of Mn and the level of dietary calcium (Ca) in broiler chickens. Trial One was a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of two Mn sources (Mn methionine or manganous oxide), two levels of dietary Ca (1.8 or 1.0), and three levels of supplemental Mn (30, 60, or 200 mg/kg) fed until 4 wk of age. Total phosphorus (available phosphorus) levels were 0.70% (0.48%) during all ages. High levels of dietary Ca caused a slower early rate of growth (0.53 vs. 0.64 kg) for chicks fed 1.8 vs 1.0% Ca, respectively. Chick weight was equivalent for all diets within the Ca-treatment group, except the dietary combination of high Ca and 200 mg/kg Mn as Mn methionine. Bone and liver Mn were significantly increased as the Mn level increased, but were not affected by the Mn source. Chicks fed 1.8% Ca had higher levels of bone Mn (9.28 ppm) than chicks fed 1.0% Ca (7.23 ppm). High levels of dietary Ca and 200 ppm Mn methionine dramatically depressed early growth, feed intake, and bone ash in this trial, raising the question of a diet x environment (heat-stress) effect. Trial Two was a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of two levels of dietary Ca (1.8 or 1.0%) and two Mn sources (200 mg/kg Mn as Mn methionine or MnO) up to 3 wk of age in a controlled heat-stress environment. No growth depression in the chicks fed high levels of Ca and Mn methionine was observed. In the presence of high levels of dietary Ca, bone Mn was significantly higher when chicks were fed the MnO source. In summary, dietary Ca did not decrease Mn utilization in these trials, and availability of Mn in Mn methionine as a source compared to MnO depended on dietary Ca levels.
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PMID:Interaction of dietary calcium, manganese, and manganese source (Mn oxide or Mn methionine complex) on chick performance and manganese utilization. 172 5

Ninety-three women with FIGO stage II epithelial ovarian carcinoma underwent comprehensive surgical staging and were randomized prospectively to therapy consisting of either intraperitoneal radioactive phosphorus or oral melphalan. No patient had gross residual disease at the time of randomization. Ten of the forty-five women treated with melphalan experienced severe bone marrow depression at some time during therapy and two women expired from leukemia. Four of the forty-eight women treated with intraperitoneal phosphorus required surgical reexploration for intestinal obstruction or bowel injury. Twenty-one women died of their disease. Survival was not statistically different between the two treatment arms. The 5-year actuarial survival was 78%.
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PMID:Stage II carcinoma of the ovary: an analysis of survival after comprehensive surgical staging and adjuvant therapy. 173 Apr 27

We have previously reported that monocyte aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity is depressed in patients with liver disease and is decreased more in cirrhosis than in early stage liver disease. To determine if monocyte AHH activity reflects liver AHH activity, we studied an animal model of cirrhosis, i.e., yellow phosphorus induced cirrhosis in the pig. AHH activity was detectable in monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of normal pigs (0.32 +/- 0.13 nmol.mg-1 P.h-1, n = 11) and was comparable to the level of AHH activity in hepatic Kupffer cells isolated from wedge or needle biopsies of livers of normal pigs (0.38 +/- 0.21, n = 7). The AHH level in pig Kupffer cells was approximately 10% of the AHH level in hepatocytes and microsomes. To induce liver disease, pigs were administered yellow phosphorus (0.6 mg/kg) 5 days per week for 16 weeks. At 4 weeks of treatment, monocyte AHH activity was not different from control and liver histology was normal. Depression of monocyte AHH activity was evident at 8 weeks of treatment when liver fibrosis was seen histologically. At 12 weeks of treatment when histology revealed extensive liver fibrosis and collagen levels were elevated, the level of monocyte AHH activity was decreased 67% compared with controls. Similar changes were observed at 12 weeks in Kupffer cell AHH activity (86% decrease) and hepatocyte AHH activity (70% decrease) compared with controls. These results suggest that monocyte AHH activity reflects liver AHH activity and may be a good indicator of change in liver enzyme function in liver disease in the pig model of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Monocyte aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity mimics Kupffer cell and hepatocyte AHH activity in an animal model of liver disease. 180 52


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