Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 14-C-labeled 2,8-dibenzylcyclooctanone was synthesized to study its absorption, distribution, and excretion in rats. Maximum drug absorption from the GI tract occurred between 12 and 14 hr after administration. The major organs possessed maximum amounts of the drug in 1 hr, with the liver concentrating the most with 6.56% 14-C and the muscle mass reaching a maximum of 41% 14-C after 14 hr. The drug remained in the GI tract over the first 6 hr and was associated with the lipid and glycogen fractions. Eighty-seven percent was eliminated in the feces after 72 hr. 2,8-Dibenzylcyclooctanone caused a significant reduction in vitro of dihydroxyacetone phosphatase acyltransferase and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, which is the proposed mechanism for the observed in vivo reduction of hepatic, intestinal, and serum triglycerides and total glycerolipids. In vivo administration of the drug resulted in a depression of liver acid phosphatidyl phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lipase, and adipose lipase. The drug increased the rates of excretion of exogenous cholesterol, palmitic acid, and progesterone.
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PMID:Cycloalkanones V: synthesis, distribution, and effects on triglyceride metabolism. 16 82

Endotoxin preparations from the S. paratyphi B cultures, isolated by various methods, were treated with lysozyme (splitting of beta-1,4-glycoside links of lipid A) and lipase of the pancreas (splitting of complex ester links of glycerophosphatides). Lysozyme and, to a lesser extent, lipase, were capable of partial depression of the toxic endotoxin function. The process of enzymatic detoxication coursed selectively, without influencing the serological and immunological activity of the preparations. Suppositions are put forward on the complicated nature of the toxic endotoxin function manifestation and possibility of provision of detoxication effect by specific actions differing by the point of application.
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PMID:[Study of the structure and function of endotoxins with the aid of enzymes. 2. Modification of Salmonella paratyphi B endotoxin with lysozyme and lipase]. 41 57

77 patients were examined during a period from 1 to 30 days following gastrectomy for cancer. Depression of the exocrine function of the pancreas was observed. The concentration of amylase, lipase and trypsin was found to be reduced during the first 5 days after the operation. Following 19-30 days the amylase concentration is restored, the lipolytic activity is enhanced, whereas the tryptic one remained considerably impaired. The small intestine functioning is markedly disturbed, the processes of hydrolysis and fat absorption suffering most of all; the protein absorption is changed but to a less extent.
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PMID:[Radioisotope and biochemical methods in the study of exocrine function of the pancreas and small intestine at early periods after gastrectomy for cancer]. 50 75

These studies were undertaken to define the mechanism for the depression of post-heparin triglyceride hydrolase activity in women treated with estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives. Six treated and six control women were studied. Total, protamine-inhibited, and protamine-resistant triglyceride hydrolase activities were measured after six different intravenous doses of heparin in each subject in order to determine the dose-response relationships for lipase release. As has been reported during short-term treatment with estrogens, long-term treatment with oral contraceptive agents is accompanied by selective depression of protamine-resistant (hepatic) lipase activity. This depression can be partly reversed by the administration of large heparin doses, but maximally releasing heparin does fail to restore postheparin protamine-resistant activity to control values. These data are compatible with the idea that the releasable pool of hepatic triglyceride hydrolase activity is diminished in women who receive oral contraceptive agents and that the pharmacokinetics of its release are altered in such a way that only relatively high concentrations of heparin displace the enzyme from this pool.
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PMID:Heparin resistance and decreased hepatic triglyceride hydrolase release during long-term estrogen-progestin treatment. 61 26

The three major phases in the secretory process in the exocrine pancreas (synthesis, intracellular transport, zymogen discharge) have been tested in vitro after changing circulating insulin levels in rats in vivo. One group of rats received a continuous infusion of glucose for periods up to 72 hours, which keeps blood glucose levels above 200 mg/100 ml and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) raised to 130 muU/ml. As a result of this treatment, amylase content in the pancreas increases by 25% while chymotrypsinogen and lipase show a comparable decrease. The rate of total protein synthesis increased by 40% after 48 hours of infusion. The basal and carbamylcholine stimulated discharge of newly synthesized proteins are not altered. The baseline discharge of amylase is increased significantly, while the discharge of lipase and chymotrypsinogen decreased below control levels. Similar results are obtained, if circulating insulin levels are raised by the application of glibenblamide (HB419) for a period of 24 hours. Protein synthesis increases by 26.5% and baseline discharge of amylase by 50%. In chronic alloxan diabetic animals the alteration of the exocrine pancreatic function depends on the severity of the diabetes and relates to circulating insulin levels. Animals with highest blood glucose levels and low or undetectable insulin concentrations show a disappearance of amylase from the exocrine pancreas and a depression of the rate of protein synthesis by 30%. The results suggest a direct effect of insulin on protein biosynthesis and zymogen discharge, most pronounced for amylase.
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PMID:Regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretory process by insulin in vivo. 80 10

The influence of different doses of tetramethylthiuramine sulphide (TMTDS) on the activity of the amylase, lipase and proteases in the pancreatic homogenate and the small intestine contents of albino rats was studied. Six hours after a single administration of the compound in a dose of 1/3 DL50 a 2--2.5-fold drop of the enzymatic activity in the chyme was observed and 24 hours thereafter it was inhibited in the glandular tissue as well. During the first months of a lenghty introduction of relatively small doses of TMTDS (1/20 and 1/50 DL50) a depression of the exosecretory function of the pancreas with its subsequent restoration at the 4--6th month was noted. Atropinization of the animals failed to prevent the inhibitory action of the compound on the secretion of pancreatic enzymes, this pointing to a direct effect of TMTDS on the acinal cells or to prevailing distrubances of humoral mechanisms regulating the activity of the glands.
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PMID:[Influence of tetramethylthiuramide sulfide on the exocrine function of the pancreas]. 94 20

The exocrine pancreatic function was studied in humans by performing a secretin-cholecystokinin test before and after treatment with oxytetracycline or chloramphenicol. In the oxytetracycline-treated patients there was a depression of the amylase and lipase outputs in the duodenal secretion, chymotrypsin decreasing only slightly. After treatment with the two antibiotics the calcium secretion was reduced. The other parameters measured in the duodenal secretion remained essentially unchanged. The enzyme dissociation observed in the present studies is considered to reflect the onset of pancreatic dysfunction due to antibiotic administration. As in the previous animal onset of pancreatic dysfunction due to antibiotic administration. As in the previous animal experiments, the suggested explanation for the changes in enzyme secretion is an inhibition of protein synthesis in the exocrine pancreas due to oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol.
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PMID:Exocrine pancreatic function in man after treatment with oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol. 95 76

The thesis is composed of two parts, the first part is concerned with experiments in rats, the second part confirms the findings in human beings. After administration of oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and cyclophosphamide, respectively, to rats an approximately dose-dependent decrease in the pancreatic secretion of proteins and enzyme activities was demonstrable in vivo under exogenous stimulation. The exocrine pancreatic function was studied in humans by performing a secretin-pancreocymin test before and after treatment with oxytetracycline or chloramphenicol and before and after massive-dose therapy with cyclophosphamide or combined cytotoxic treatment (as outlined by De Vita). The investigations further included an examination of the exocrine pancreatic function in subjects on maintenance therapy with cyclophosphamide or busulfan and a comparison with the exocrine pancreatic function in a group of controls. In the oxytetracycline-treated humans there was a depression of the amylase and lipase activities in the duodenal secretion. Administration of chloramphenicol produced a decrease in the amylase output only. In the patients on massive-dose or continued therapy with cyclophosphamide the pancreatic function remained essentially unchanged. In contrast, cytotoxic combination treatment resulted in decreased activities of amylase and lipase. After maintenance treatment with busulfan a reduction of the trypsin and amylase activities was detectable. The volume and electrolyte outputs were found to remain essentially unchanged in all investigations. An impairment in enzyme synthesis is suggested as the major cause of the observed changes of pancreatic secretion after antibiotic and cytotoxic treatment.
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PMID:[Behavior of exocrine pancreatic function during treatment with antibiotics and antineoplastic agents]. 99 58

Arachidonic acid (AA) is a second messenger liberated via receptor activation of phospholipase A2 or diacylglycerol-lipase. We used whole-cell voltage clamp of acutely isolated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells to investigate the hypothesis that AA modulates Ca2+ channel current (ICa) via activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and generation of free radicals. AA depressed ICa in a dose- and time-dependent manner similar to that previously reported for the action of phorbol esters on ICa. A similar depression was seen with a xanthine-based free radical generating system. The specific PKC inhibitor PKCI (19-36), the protein kinase inhibitor H-7, and the superoxide free radical scavenger SOD each blocked ICa depression by 70%-80%. Complete block of the AA response occurred when SOD was used simultaneously with a PKC inhibitor. These data suggest that PKC and free radicals play a role in AA-induced suppression of ICa.
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PMID:Arachidonic acid modulates hippocampal calcium current via protein kinase C and oxygen radicals. 211 31

Stimulation of mechanoreceptors of pancreatic main duct's distal portion activated secretion of bicarbonates and depressed secretion of protein, including enzymes, in dogs. Their incretion is increased, at that. The action of novocain on the duct either decreased or abolished the effect of activation and depression of secretion of various types of pancreocytes: the producers of bicarbonates and enzymes. The pancreas secretion from its two ducts was studied, too. Their secret differed by amylo- and lipolytic activity. An increased of the pressure in the main duct was found both to alter the secretion in the area drained through a given duct and to affect the properties of the secret drained through additional duct. The 10 or 15 cm H2O pressure increased the secretion debit of amylase, lipase and proteinase whereas a higher pressure suppressed their secretion. Several contours of the pancreatic secretion self-regulation seem to exist including one spreading from the gland duct system to its glandulocytes. Probable mechanisms of this self-regulation are discussed.
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PMID:[The role of the ductal system in the self-regulation of pancreatic secretion]. 217 40


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