Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Platelet thromboxane (TX) production was examined in response to dietary copper. Groups of eight rats were fed copper-deficient, -marginal, and -adequate diets providing 0.5, 1.7, and 7.5 micrograms Cu/g, respectively, with controlled dietary Se and vitamin E. Platelets were purified and washed by centrifugation. Separate platelet samples from each rat were challenged with 10 micrograms/ml of collagen and 1 unit/ml (27.3 nM) of thrombin in Tyrode's buffer, 2.0 mM Ca2+. Platelet copper-dependent superoxide dismutase (CuSOD) activity showed a significant depression with reduced diet copper, but platelet glutathione peroxidase activity was unaffected. Challenged platelet TX production showed a significant 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in response to both dietary copper deficiency and marginality, with highly significant negative correlations between challenged platelet TX production and platelet CuSOD activity and between TX production and copper status (liver copper). Endogenous (unchallenged) platelet lipid hydroperoxide concentrations, measured as free fatty acid hydroperoxides by a glutathione-disulfide-specific glutathione reductase recycling assay, showed a nonsignificant 47-67% increase in copper deficiency. Pooled data showed a significant 71% increase in platelet lipid hydroperoxides in copper deficiency. Platelet TX production showed a significant correlation with endogenous lipid hydroperoxides. The results suggest that dietary copper insufficiency increases platelet TX synthesis through changes in CuSOD in a dose-responsive (diet copper and platelet CuSOD activity) manner, and that platelet TX synthesis is influenced by lipid hydroperoxides (peroxide tone).
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PMID:Thromboxane production in copper-deficient and marginal platelets: influence of superoxide dismutase and lipid hydroperoxides. 842 6

In 31 male patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery who underwent different periods of cardioplegic hypothermic arrest, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase, copper/zinc-containing and manganese-containing superoxide dismutases, and catalase were studied in the right atrial myocardium, before and 5 minutes after aortic cross-clamping. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nonproteic thiol compounds (NP-SH) were also assessed. Prolonged ischemia followed by reperfusion induced activation of the major myocardial antioxidant enzymes with marked NP-SH depression and TBARS increase, despite cold crystalloid cardioplegic protection. These changes were significantly related to the duration of the ischemic arrest, suggesting: (1) that reperfusion free radical generation is dependent on the severity of the previous ischemic period; and (2) the occurrence of myocardial oxidative stress during cardiopulmonary bypass.
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PMID:Myocardial antioxidant defenses during cardiopulmonary bypass. 846

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and zinc deficiency, found most frequently in young females, have a number of symptoms in common. These include weight loss, alterations in taste and appetite, depression, and amenorrhea. Approximately half of anorexia nervosa patients (ANs) are vegetarian (VANs), a practice that may increase their risk for zinc deficiency. This study compared the dietary intake of zinc and related nutrients in 9 outpatient VANs with that of 11 outpatient nonvegetarian patients with anorexia nervosa (NVANs). VANs reported significantly lower (p < .05) dietary intakes of zinc, fat, and protein, and a significantly higher (p < .05) intake of calories from carbohydrates than NVANs. There were no significant differences between the groups in dietary intake of calories, calcium, copper, iron, or magnesium. These findings indicate that zinc intake should be routinely assessed in VANs and that zinc supplementation of their diets may be indicated.
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PMID:Dietary zinc intake of vegetarian and nonvegetarian patients with anorexia nervosa. 847 92

Investigations on the precaecal and postileal apparent digestibility (net absorption) of trace elements (copper, zinc, iron, manganese) were performed in ileumfistulated and intact dogs (4 each). The animals were fed 3 different protein sources (greaves, soy protein, corn gluten), either isolatedly (except corn gluten) only with mineral and vitamin supplement or as a part of a complete diet (55% of the respective protein source plus rice, cellulose, soy oil and vitaminated mineral supplement). Precaecal and total apparent digestibility of trace elements were evaluated by the marker method (chromium oxide). 1. Copper was mainly net absorbed in the small intestine, with the other elements absorption and secretion in the small and large intestine was seen. 2. The variation of the protein supply in the own experiments did not influence the net absorption of trace elements. 3. Own results and data from the literature show a depression of Zn- and Fe-absorption with diets containing low digestible carbohydrates or crude fibre, in part there may be considerable net losses of trace elements under these conditions. With regard to the feeding practice a suboptimal trace element status of the animal may result not only from low intake but also from an impaired net absorption in the intestinal tract, especially concerning zinc from diets containing low digestible carbohydrates.
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PMID:[Observations on the apparent digestibility of copper, iron, zinc and magnesium in dogs]. 859 61

The effect of noradrenaline-depressing natrium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDK) on embryonic tissue was studied in histological preparations. Degenerative changes in cells were found in tissues, exposed to the effect on 10th day of the development. Masses of detrite appear to remove into the cavities of the organs and into the amniotic cavity of the saccus vitellinus which is the characteristic peculiarity of the degenerative changes. After effect on 9-day-year-old embryos degenerative changes were expressed in a different extent-from light in some embryos up to the massive ones in the others. Degenerative changes in giant trophoblast cells, nervous tube, eye rudiment etc were observed in the survived embryos, Prevailing location of the processes was not demonstrated. DDK manifests strong cytotoxic effect. This phenomenon is probably connected with the copper-containing enzymes depression, including those participating in noradrenaline synthesis.
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PMID:[The effect of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate on the development of organ anlagen in the mouse]. 868 May 60

A consecutive series of 34 patients with confirmed diagnoses of Wilson's disease (WD) was administered complete neuropsychological examinations upon admission to a university medical center for routine laboratory tests. Twenty-five patients with neurological and/or hepatic symptoms (symptomatics) revealed frequent and severe motor deficits and infrequent and mild cognitive deficits in contrast to nine patients with genetic findings of Wilson's disease but no symptomatic findings (asymptomatics). Somato-sensory tests were normal in all. One of the most intriguing findings was the absence of a significant correlation between the level of copper toxicity and the degree, nature, and frequency of associated neurological deficits in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Fifty per cent of the present sample received psychiatric treatment, including hospitalization, for schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and related disorders prior to confirmed diagnosis of WD. The present findings provide additional evidence that patients with the initial presenting psychological symptoms may be easily misdiagnosed and mistreated if the possibilities of Wilson's disease are not ruled out first.
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PMID:Neuropsychological aspects of Wilson's disease. 873 60

The livers of 13 Sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) aged 4 to 9 years and suffering from copper deficiency (enzootic ataxia) were examined histologically, histochemically and by electron microscopy. In addition, the serum and liver copper concentrations, measured in three animals, were found to be low. Histologically, the hepatocytes exhibited cloudy swelling, and numerous haemosiderin deposits were seen in the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Staining with p-dimethyl amino-benzylidene-rhodamine revealed distinctly fewer copper granules than normal. Histochemically, 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-H2O2 staining revealed increased numbers of catalase-positive granules around nuclei. Electron microscopically, "giant" and bizarre-shaped mitochondria, irregular depression of the mitochondrial membrane, and fusion of cristae were noted. Disorders of copper-containing enzymes, including cytochrome oxidase, caeruloplasmin and monoamine oxidase, may have been responsible for the mitochondrial abnormalities.
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PMID:Ultrastructure of hepatocytes in copper-deficient Sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck). 876 86

1. Diets containing supplements of selenium (10 mg/kg as sodium selenite), copper (500 mg/kg as copper (II) sulphate) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP 300 mg/kg) as a source of cyanide, were fed singly and in all possible combinations to chicks from 14 to 35 d of age. 2. Both copper and SNP individually alleviated the growth depression caused by excess selenium but interacted adversely with one another. The effect of SNP was to decrease liver selenium but copper increased it. Despite this contrast it is suggested that both achieve their beneficial effects through influences on the fraction of liver selenium that can be reduced to volatile forms by hydrochloric acid and zinc. 3. In a second experiment the effects of diets containing additional selenium (2 mg/kg as sodium selenite or selenomethionine) with or without additional copper (100 mg/kg) or SNP (100 mg/kg) on selenium incorporation into eggs were compared. 4. SNP reduced incorporation from selenite whereas copper had no effect. However, copper reduced the incorporation from selenomethionine into protein fractions of egg white as much as SNP.
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PMID:Interactions between dietary selenium, copper and sodium nitroprusside, a source of cyanide in growing chicks and laying hens. 883 30

The cause of taste abnormality was investigated in 25 patients with decreased taste sensation (hypogeusia group) and 14 patients with abnormal taste sensation (dysgeusia group) by examining taste threshold, salivary flow rate, Candida cell culture, and laboratory examination of peripheral blood. The cause of hypogeusia was identified as iron deficiency in 7 patients, oral candidiasis in 6, hyposalivation (xerostomia) in 6, and psychiatric distress in 3, and could not be determined in 3 (idiopathic). Dysgeusia was associated with psychiatric distress in 8 patients, oral candidiasis in 3, drug medication in 2, and hyposalivation in 1. In the hypogeusia group, the decreased taste sensation generally corresponded with elevated taste thresholds, which decreased along with improvement of the decreased taste sensation in all except the 3 patients with psychiatric etiology and 2 of the 3 patients with idiopathic etiology. In contrast, no elevation or depression of taste thresholds were observed in the dysgeusia group, and the abnormal taste sensation did not disappear in most cases; however, drug-induced dysgeusia improved completely within 2 months after cessation of the drug administration. The serum copper and zinc levels were not decreased in any patient, but a decreased serum iron level was observed in 7 patients. Based on these results, it is concluded that abnormal taste sensation may be induced by many oral and systemic disturbances and that hypogeusia, which may be induced by deficiency of iron but not of zinc or copper, is usually accompanied by elevation of taste thresholds, while dysgeusia is not.
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PMID:Clinical and physiological investigations in patients with taste abnormality. 885 Mar 56

Distributions of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in the cerebral cortex in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, an animal model of Wilson's disease, aged 4, 10 (in the early stage of the disease) and 20 weeks (in the advanced stage of the disease) were determined to elucidate the effect of the abnormal copper (Cu) metabolism observed in the LEC rat on the brain catecholamine metabolism. NE depression as well as excessive accumulations of DA and facilitation of the DA catabolic pathway to its acidic metabolites were observed in the cerebral cortex of the LEC rat at 4 and 10 weeks of age. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of the cuproenzyme dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) showed lower antigenicity of DBH in the cortical neurons in the cerebral cortex of LEC rats aged 4 weeks than in control rats. These results suggest that neurochemical disturbances involved in an abnormal catecholamine metabolism may occur in the cerebral cortex of the LEC rat before excessive Cu accumulation.
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PMID:Neurochemical and histochemical evidence for an abnormal catecholamine metabolism in the cerebral cortex of the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat before excessive copper accumulation in the brain. 889 91


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