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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two trials were conducted to compare the performance of Nicholas Large White turkey poults fed diets with three levels of copper in diets with two sources of methionine. A corn-soybean meal diet, containing 26.5% protein, was used. The two methionine sources were fed at 0 and .06% in diets containing 0, 500, and 750 ppm of copper supplied by CuSO4 X 5H2O. The basal diet contained no supplemental choline and sulfate-free trace minerals were used. The addition of 500 ppm of copper from copper sulfate to the diet improved body weight, feed efficiency, and feed consumption. However, the addition of 750 ppm of copper resulted in a depression of all of the parameters. The addition of both methionine sources significantly improved body weight, feed consumption, and feed efficiency at all levels of copper supplementation. No significant difference was attributed to the two sources of methionine as the response to the two sources was the same at all levels of copper supplementation.
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PMID:Influence of three levels of copper on the performance of turkey poults with diets containing two sources of methionine. 361 32

Cattle from 2 herds developed copper toxicosis after the ingestion of chicken litter. The affected animals were adult Holstein cows and crossbred steers that ate 9 to 16 kg of litter/day. These cattle developed a sudden onset of weakness, depression, anorexia, icteric mucous membranes, and dark reddish brown urine. Liver copper concentrations in 2 cattle (1 from each herd) were 436 and 730 ppm. Results of copper analyses of chicken litter ranged from 620 to 920 ppm. Sodium molybdate and sodium thiosulfate were added to the ration of the dairy herd. Two cows with clinical signs of copper toxicosis recovered after being given additional sodium molybdate and thiosulfate supplements, orally.
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PMID:Copper toxicosis in cattle fed chicken litter. 367 72

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) X copper (Cu) interaction in weanling pigs. Supplemental roxarsone at 400 mg/kg diet decreased rate and efficiency of weight gain and caused visible neurological signs of toxicosis. Copper addition (CuSO4 X 5H2O) at a level of 650 mg Cu/kg diet likewise decreased weight gain and feed efficiency, and it also increased hepatic Cu deposition. The combination of these growth-depressing dosages of roxarsone and Cu resulted in a far greater reduction in gain and efficiency of feed utilization than was the case when either compound was fed alone. A growth-promoting dosage of Cu (250 mg/kg) increased weight gain by 32% in one experiment but showed no efficacy in alleviating the growth-depression resulting from feeding 400 mg/kg roxarsone. A roxarsone dosage of 100 mg/kg increased gain and feed efficiency. Surprisingly, the decreased weight gain in pigs fed 650 mg/kg Cu was ameliorated by feeding 100 mg/kg roxarsone concomitantly. This level of roxarsone also reduced liver Cu concentration substantially. It thus appears that the nature of the roxarsone X Cu interaction is dependent on the dose of each compound administered. Moreover, low-dose roxarsone administration appears to ameliorate Cu toxicity, but low-dose Cu feeding does not show efficacy against roxarsone toxicity.
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PMID:Toxic effects of supplemental copper and roxarsone when fed alone or in combination to young pigs. 375 88

The taste behavior of rats subjected to dietary depletions of copper and/or vitamin B-6 was tested. Weanling rats were fed casein-based methionine supplemented diets according to a 2 X 2 factorial design: -Cu/-vitamin B-6; -Cu/+vitamin B-6; +Cu/-vitamin B-6; +Cu/+vitamin B-6. Short-term (18 min) taste tests were conducted daily to assess the effects of the dietary treatment on taste stimuli intake behavior; body weight and ad lib food and water consumption were monitored during the study. These measures showed that dietary copper deficits had no apparent effect on growth, ingestive behavior or short-term intake of preferred taste stimuli but did cause a marginal depression in the short-term intake of quinine solution. In contrast, vitamin B-6 depleted rats reduced their ad lib consumption of food and water, failed to grow and exhibited elevated taste stimuli intake during short-term tests.
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PMID:Short-term taste behavior and copper/vitamin B-6 nutriture in Long-Evans rats. 382 94

Wilson's disease is a multisystem disorder. Heart involvement in Wilson's disease, however, has rarely been recognized. A prospective study was undertaken of 53 consecutive patients (28 men and 25 women, mean age of 21.4 years) with Wilson's disease. Electrocardiographic abnormalities occurred in 18 of 53 patients (34 percent), including left ventricular hypertrophy, biventricular hypertrophy, early repolarization, ST depression and T inversion, premature atrial or ventricular contractions, atrial fibrillation, sino-atrial block, Mobitz type 1 atrioventricular block, and tremor artifact. In contrast, 26 medical students and 14 carriers of Wilson's disease as control subjects (mean age of 22.6 years) all showed normal ECG. Eight out of 43 patients (19 percent) demonstrated asymptomatic orthostatic hypotension. An abnormal response to the Valsalva maneuver occurred in six of 18 patients (33 percent). There were two cardiac deaths; one died of repeated ventricular fibrillation (the copper content in the myocardium was 2.28 micrograms/g, and in the bundle of His 1.21 micrograms/g wet weight in the autopsy specimen); and the other, of dilated cardiomyopathy. It is concluded that four modes of cardiac manifestations in Wilson's disease include arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, cardiac death, and autonomic dysfunction. Such possible cardiac involvement should be added to the clinical picture of Wilson's disease involving the hepatic and central nervous system.
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PMID:Cardiac Wilson's disease. 382 52

Indicators of copper and iron metabolism were studied in pregnant rats and their 90-d-old offspring fed copper-sufficient or copper-deficient diets containing marginal or adequate levels of iron from the beginning of pregnancy until the offspring were 90 d of age. Offspring had more severe signs of copper deficiency (including anemia, hypertrophy of the heart, decreased activity of ferroxidase I and II, depression of growth and death) than the dams. In both dams and offspring, copper deficiency resulted in anemia when dietary iron was marginal but not when it was adequate. Liver iron was elevated in copper-deficient male offspring, but not in female offspring. Anemia and growth retardation were more pronounced in copper-deficient males than in females, despite similarly low levels of ferroxidase I and II. Iron absorption was reduced by copper deficiency only in female offspring. Activity of 59Fe in various tissues 6 or 48 h after gavage did not reveal any other effect of copper deficiency on iron metabolism. Thus age at the time copper-deficient diets were introduced, sex and dietary iron strongly influence the effect of copper deficiency.
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PMID:Determinants of copper-deficiency anemia in rats. 399 65

Arsenic toxicosis and suspected chromium toxicosis were diagnosed in a herd of cattle that ingested ashes from lumber treated with copper, chromium, and arsenic. Findings included peracute death, depression, ataxia, weakness, recumbency, and watery diarrhea. Chemical analyses of liver, kidney, abomasal contents, rumen contents, and ashes revealed high concentrations of arsenic and chromium. Histologically, specimens of abomasum and duodenum had diffuse mucosal degeneration and engorged capillaries. Epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules and distal collecting tubules of the kidney were swollen and had mild granular cytoplasmic degeneration. Burning lumber treated with copper, chromium, and arsenic does not remove the heavy metals from them, and ingestion of the ashes from the wood constitutes a hazard to livestock health.
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PMID:Arsenic toxicosis and suspected chromium toxicosis in a herd of cattle. 403 Apr 55

The metallic ions, copper and zinc, are extensively associated with biological processes. An imbalance in the normal concentration of these metals can alter the reproductive function. The experiments reported here were done to determine whether the insertion of a metallic device into the uterus of rats is associated with metabolic changes in the endometrium. For this purpose the effect of IUDs on the incorporation of 2Na 35S40 into the mucoproteins and of thymidine 2-carbon-14 into the DNA of the endometrium of normal rats was studied. Estradiol benzoate, 20 mcg, was injected im the day before instillation with radioisotopes in order to have all the rats under similar estrogenic stimulation. In Experiment 1 either .2 mc of 2Na35S40 or 2.5 mcc of thymidine 2-carbon-14 in .1 ml of distilled water was instilled into each uterus. To avoid expulsion of the isotope a ligature was placed in the lower portion of each horn. The opposite horn served as a control. The horns were excised at different intervals from 1 to 88 hours later. The results showed that the accumulation of radioactivity in the endometrium reaches its maximum concentration in about 22 hours and then gradually declines. In Experiment 2 copper wire, zinc wire, or nylon thread was used as an IUD. The opposite horn was used as a control. About 14 days later the isotope was instilled as in Experiment 1 and left for 24 hours. In the presence of an inert foreign body, such as nylon thread, a significant decrease in the accumulation of sulfur-35 in the endometrium (18.5%; p less than .05) was noted. With zinc wire the assimulation decrese was 44.2% (p less than .001), and with copper wire, it was 69.6% (p less than .001). Absorption of thymidine 2-carbon-14 was the same in both horns in the control group. Nylon thread produced no significant difference. Copper and zinc produced statistically significant depressions of absorption (p less than .001). Copper depression was greater than zinc depression (p less than .01). The nylon thread is considered to be an inert foreign body while the copper and zinc wires are active.
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PMID:Effect of various types of intrauterine foreign bodies on the incorporation of 35S into mucoprotein and of thymidine 2-14C into DNA of rat's endometrium. 536 69

This study demonstrates the effects of micromolar concentrations of copper on the discharge firing activity of the isolated crayfish stretch receptor. Different pharmacological profiles of action were obtained with the divalent (cupric) and monovalent (cuprous) salt solutions. Cupric solutions produced a concentration-dependent triphasic effect (depression-excitation-depression); in contrast, a monophasic effect (depression) was produced by cuprous solutions. The effectiveness of copper chelators, in reversing these effects, were compared with normal physiological solution. Only the first phase of the effects of cupric were partially reversed with physiological solution or ethylenediamine tetraammonium (EDTA). In the presence of D-penicillamine and triethylene tetramine (trien), all phases of the effects of both cuprous and cupric salts were completely restored to control values. In addition, copper was shown to be the most neurotoxic divalent cation examined. The results demonstrate that effects of copper on neuronal activity are dependent on time, concentration and valency state.
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PMID:An in vitro study of copper and copper chelators on the crayfish stretch receptor. 608 88

Manganese, zinc and copper are essential for normal prenatal and neonatal development. Manganese deficiency causes skeletal abnormalities, congenital ataxia due to abnormal inner ear development, and abnormal brain function. Depression of mucopolysaccharide synthesis and manganese superoxide dismutase activity may be fundamental to ultrastructural and other defects. In copper deficiency, neurological and skeletal abnormalities are due to impairment of phospholipid synthesis and collagen crosslinking, and possibly to low activity of copper metalloenzymes. The fundamental defect leading to the extremely teratogenic effects of zinc deficiency is related to depressed synthesis of DNA. In the neonatal period, poor survival and growth and depressed function of the immune system are salient features. Developmental patterns of trace element concentrations in various tissues suggest that important changes in metabolic regulation of trace elements may occur during the neonatal period. This hypothesis is being investigated by studies of molecular localization of trace elements in certain neonatal tissues, in conjunction with similar observations in milk.
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PMID:The roles of trace elements in foetal and neonatal development. 611 92


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