Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Severe anemia was found in a 4-month-old heifer, which was admitted with a 1-day history of anorexia, signs of depression, and recumbency. A diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IHA) was made on the basis of a Coomb's titer of 1:128 and decreased resistance to osmotic stress, as determined by an RBC fragility test. Anaplasmosis and leptospirosis were ruled out as possible causes of the IHA. Other causes of hemolytic anemia, including intoxication by copper, water, Brassica spp, or drugs were ruled out. Therefore the IHA was considered idiopathic. Treatment consisted of supportive therapy, oxytetracycline, and dexamethasone. After 60 days of treatment, CBC, Coomb's test result, and RBC fragility were within normal limits.
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PMID:Idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a calf. 164 56

The study was undertaken to estimate plasma copper and zinc in thirty-five depressed patients. Two blood samples were drawn from each patient, one before starting treatment and the second after recovery from depression. The results were compared with the thirty-five normal healthy individuals. The mean plasma copper in controls, depressed patients and in patients after recovery were 106.82, 122.14 and 104.22 micrograms/dl, respectively. The copper levels in patients when depressed were significantly higher as compared to controls and after recovery from depression. The mean plasma zinc levels in controls, depressed patients and after recovery were 115.80, 107.62 and 125.68 micrograms/dl, respectively. No significant difference could be obtained between control and depressed patients. However, the values were significantly higher in recovered patients compared to patients with depression.
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PMID:Levels of copper and zinc in depression. 181 5

In vivo assessment of toxicant action on Leydig cell function is subject to homeostatic mechanisms which make it difficult to determine whether any changes seen in serum testosterone (T) concentration are due to extragonadal endocrine alterations or to a direct effect on the Leydig cell. For example, metal cations administered in vivo have been shown to depress serum T concentration and alter serum concentrations of pituitary hormones in laboratory animals. The studies reported here use a testicular cell culture technique to evaluate Leydig cell testosterone biosynthesis in the presence of several metal cations. To determine the site of toxic action, the Leydig cells were stimulated to produce testosterone by using human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), dibutyl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP), or several substrates required for the biosynthesis of testosterone. hCG was chosen because resultant T production requires an intact membrane receptor and db-cAMP was used to test for post LH receptor defects caused by the metals. The other substrates were chosen to isolate the effect of metals on enzymatic pathways. Collagenase dispersed testicular cells (15% Leydig cells) were incubated with metal cations (1 to 5000 microM) for 3 hr in the absence and presence of maximally stimulating concentrations of hCG, db-cAMP, 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol (HCHOL), or pregnenolone (PREG), and T concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. In one separate experiment we also tested the effect of the substrates progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone, and androstenedione on Cd2(+)-treated Leydig cells. The results show no change in Leydig cell viability with any metal cation treatment during the 3-hr incubation. Ca2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Na+, or Pb2+ had no effect on stimulated testosterone. Dose-response depression in both hCG- and db-cAMP-stimulated T production were seen with Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ treatment. Surprisingly, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+, which caused a depression in hCG- and db-cAMP-stimulated T production, caused significant increases in HCHOL- and PREG-stimulated T production over untreated and similarly stimulated cultures. This indicates that these cations may act at multiple sites within the Leydig cell.
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PMID:Effect of cadmium and other metal cations on in vitro Leydig cell testosterone production. 185 Jan 71

The toxicity of Cu, Ni and Fe individually, as well as in combination (Cu + Ni, Cu + Fe, Ni + Fe), on growth-rate depression, uptake of NO3- and NH4+, photosynthesis, nitrate reductase and urease activity of Chlorella vulgaris has been studied. All the test metals when used individually showed pronounced toxicity on all the parameters studied. However, their interactive effect was mostly antagonistic except for Cu + Ni (synergism). Pre-addition of Fe offered more protection to the cells against copper and nickel toxicity. The data of statistical analysis reconfirmed that 14CO2 uptake is the most sensitive parameter (significant at P less than 0.005, both for time and treatment) than others in metal toxicity assessment. However, these results suggest further that exposure time and sequence of metal addition are very important in biomonitoring of heavy metal toxicity.
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PMID:Impact of bimetallic combinations of Cu, Ni and Fe on growth rate, uptake of nitrate and ammonium, 14CO2 fixation, nitrate reductase and urease activity of Chlorella vulgaris. 216 14

Newly born calves (n = 93) were examined to determine the iron and copper values in the blood plasma. The investigation was divided into two sections: 1. Chronic measuring of the parameters of live-born calves until the sixth week (n = 48). 2. Short-time examination of newly born calves with different vitality figures/levels of vitality until the second day of life (n = 45). Iron and copper were determined by means of an inductively-coupled-plasma emissions-spectral analysis (ICP). In the case of a normal birth and vitality criteria calves are born with a plasma concentration of 27.7 +/- 9.6 mumol/l iron and 4.8 +/- 1.7 mumol/l copper. During the first few hours of life the iron concentration drops considerably and significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) and rises again before the second week. There is a short period of considerable depression in the iron concentration. The copper values, in contrast, increase linearly and significantly (p less than or equal to 0.001) form the birth onwards until the end of the first week, then remaining on a high level. In the dynamic of the iron plasma curve the influence of race/breed is also evident. Calves of the race DFV have a significantly higher iron level than the DSB and DRB race (p less than or equal to 0.01) at the end of the sixth week of life. About a fifth (18.8) of the test animals in the first part of the investigation already had a hidden sideropenia (16.1 +/- 1.9 mumol/l) when they were born. Their iron concentration developed only slowly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The development of iron and copper concentrations in blood plasma of calves in the first days and weeks of life, equally a contribution to the larvaceous neonatal iron deficiency anemia]. 224 78

To examine how fat might influence the metabolic effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), human recombinant TNF alpha was given intravenously to rats that had been fed for 12 weeks on diets containing (g/kg) 200 maize oil or 190 coconut oil + 10 maize oil. Rectal temperature and tissue composition measurements were made 8 and 24 h after injection. Ambient temperatures of 20 degrees and 25 degrees were employed to accentuate rectal temperature changes. Doses of 30 and 300 micrograms TNF alpha/kg body-weight were given, and brought about depression of serum zinc and albumin and elevation of copper. Muscle protein content was decreased and liver protein and Zn content enhanced by TNF alpha. Serum Zn and liver Zn content were negatively correlated 8 h after injections. Hypothermia developed within 1 h of injection. All responses except the rise in serum Cu and gain in liver Zn were more intense at the higher than at the lower dose of TNF alpha. Hypothermia was exacerbated by an environmental temperature of 20 degrees. The coconut-oil diet blunted the hypothermia and likewise the changes in serum albumin and Cu content 8 h after injections and in muscle and liver protein after 24 h. Changes in eicosanoid metabolism may be involved in the modulatory effects of the coconut-oil-enriched diet.
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PMID:Dietary fat modifies some metabolic actions of human recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha in rats. 238 39

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of immunologic stress on methionine and lysine requirements of growing chicks. Immunologic stress was elicited by injection of either Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide or heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus every other day for 6 d. In the first experiment, diets were formulated to provide methionine levels of 0.30, 0.50 and 0.70%. In the second experiment, diets contained 0.75, 0.90 or 1.2% lysine. In chicks fed amino acid-sufficient diets, those chicks injected with immunogens had slower growth, lower feed intake and poorer efficiency of feed utilization than those injected with saline. The decreases due to immunogens were diminished in chicks fed amino acid-deficient diets. The methionine requirements of saline- and immunogen-injected chicks were above 0.5% and between 0.3 and 0.5%, respectively; the lysine requirements were greater than 0.95% and between 0.7 and 0.95%, respectively. Thus immunogen injection decreased methionine and lysine requirements, probably because of a decreased need of amino acids for growth and tissue accretion. Immunogen-induced depression in serum zinc and increase in serum copper levels were ameliorated by lysine or methionine deficiencies. Compared with saline-injected chicks, immunogen-injected chicks had significantly higher serum interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity by 53% when fed the methionine-sufficient diet, but they did not have significantly greater IL-1 levels when fed the methionine-deficient diet. These observations indicate that the diminished expression of immunologic stress in amino acid-deficient chicks is due to an impaired immune response.
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PMID:Decreased amino acid requirements of growing chicks due to immunologic stress. 245 41

The addition of copper to a corn-soybean diet at levels of 200 mg/kg and above lessened the growth-retarding effect of vanadate for chicks. This interaction between vanadate and copper was evident in both ad libitum-fed chicks and chicks in which feed consumption was restricted to approximately equal amounts. The ameliorating effect of copper was not accompanied by changes in the femur levels of vanadium nor by changes in the hepatic or renal glutathione concentrations. Zinc added at 515 mg/kg of diet had no effect on the toxicity of vanadium. Sodium sulfate added at a level to supply the same amount of sulfate, as supplied by 500 mg/kg copper sulfate, was without effect on the vanadate-induced growth depression. The underlying mechanism of the interaction of copper and vanadium is not known, but it does not lie in changes in feed consumption or organ burdens of vanadium, as represented by the femur vanadium concentrations.
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PMID:Effect of dietary copper on vanadate toxicity in chicks. 248 24

Blood copper, zinc, magnesium and lead levels were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy for 15 males and 16 females suffering from depression, 6 males and 1 female with mental retardation and 3 males and 4 females with seizure disorders. They were all under no medication and belonged to low income groups. No difference in copper levels was found between the sexes in any of the groups. The levels in all the groups were significantly higher than in the normals. In depressives, males had significantly higher zinc levels than females and only female depressives had significantly different (lower) levels from normals. In both depressives and normals, males had higher magnesium levels than females but no group of patients had significantly different levels from normals. Lead levels were significantly higher in female depressives and for those with seizure disorders than for controls. At least one metal abnormality was found in 21 (67.7%) depressive, 5 (71.4%) of those with mental retardation and 6 (85.7%) with seizure disorders.
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PMID:Trace element studies on Karachi population. Part IV: Blood copper, zinc, magnesium and lead levels in psychiatric patients with depression, mental retardation and seizure disorders. 251 24

The harmful effect of iron excess was studied in an experiment using fifteen adult sheep. The animals were divided into three groups of 5 each. The sheep of the group I were kept as controls, those of the group II and III were supplemented with iron in doses of 80 and 40 mg/kg body weight (BW)/24 h respectively. The animals of group II died after a period of 3-7 weeks showing anorexia, loss of weight, diarrhoea, depression and symptoms of circulatory and respiratory failure. From the animals of group III one died after 13 weeks, with symptoms of pulmonary oedema, while the other 4 survived for 22 weeks, together with the animals of the control group. The iron-supplemented animals presented increased values of Serum Iron (SI), Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), percent Transferring Saturation (% SAT), Alanino aminotransferase (ALT), serum Alkalin Phosphatase (SAP), Serum Urea Nitrogen (SUN) Creatinine, Phosphorus and decreased values of serum Copper concentration. These parameters were greater in group II. The iron concentration in the liver, spleen, myocardium and kidneys was also much higher than in the controls. The histological examination revealed degeneration of the liver, spleen, myocardium and kidneys in both groups, while cells overloaded with hemosiderin were seen in the third group only. In conclusion, it was shown that chronic intoxication may occur in sheep overdosed with iron. The toxic dose of iron ranged between 40 and 80 (mg/Kg body weight) per day and was close to 40 mg, when iron was administered in the soluble from FeCl3.6H2O.
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PMID:Iron toxicity in sheep. 253 32


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